Helmut Melzer
Michigan yakavaka guta diki remamiriyoni gumi emadhora kuMichigan muUS, asi hapana munhu anogarako: "Mcity" ndiko kuguta rezinotevera asi chizvarwa chimwe chemotokari, ese ane chinhu chimwe chete zvakafanana: Ivo vese vanogadzira vasina mutyairi.
Iyo nharaunda yemotokari dzemagetsi dzinozvitonga, zvisinei, yakanyanya kudarika nzvimbo yakajairwa yekuyedzwa: yakaedzwa pano mukubatana nemakambani mazhinji eUS, kuwirirana kwevashandisi vemumigwagwa akasiyana uye mamiriro ezvinhu, asiwo hunyanzvi hutsva hwekutaurirana uye hunyanzvi.
Zvichida iyo indasitiri yemotokari yeGerman haifunge nezve kusiya mota dzemagetsi kuenda kumaAmerican - uye inoda kuve mutyairi wekutyaira mutyairi munguva pfupi iri kutevera. "V-charger" izita rekutanga mota paki yekutsvaga neVW: Mune ramangwana, mutyairi chete anofanira kuburukira pamberi chaipo pekupinda uye anomutsa app. Mota yacho saka haisi kungotarisa nzvimbo yemahara yekupaka yega, asi zvakare inoriidza zvisina kufanira - ndiko kuti, pasina waya - kana masangano ekuchaja aripo. Kana bhatiri razara, mota iri kutsvaga nzvimbo yekumaka yokupaka.
Mota Auto: Pamutemo traffic traffic pane yakasvibira
"V -shaja" inoshanda nhasi nhasi, zvakare nezve mota yaGoogle iri muchikamu chekuyedza chakatowanda pasina chinomhanyisa vhiri uye pasina akakwira uye nekuvharidzira. Uye hwaro hwepamutemo hwemotokari yemotokari hwakaiswa: Parizvino, chinyorwa 8 yeVienna Convention yeRoad Traffic yaive inopesana nehunyanzvi hutsva. Izvi zvashandurwa ikozvino: Mamwe madhiraivha ekutyaira anova anotenderwa kana achigona kumiswa nemutyairi chero nguva.
Mota dzinofanira kutaridzika sei?
Muzhinji, chiratidzo chekutanga chezviverengero zvisingaverengeki zvakadonha izvo zvinodzikisira kutaridzika kwemotokari. Kusiyiwa kweinjini dzechivanhu uye kutakurwa kunogadzira zvisinga fungisirwe mikana yekuti mota dzingavakwe sei. Iyo US-based kambani Local Motors, semuenzaniso, yakangoderedza huwandu hweiyo 10.000 yemunhu zvikamu zvinodiwa pamoto uripo ne "Strati" kune 50 zvikamu. 2014 yakagadzirwa muviri uye furemu mu 3D printer. Mushure maawa e44 chete magetsi emagetsi, masaini anotendeuka uye zvimwe zvinhu zvishoma aifanira kuiswa.
Mota yakapetwa yakagadzirwa naGreazer kuVienna University of Technology.Zvechokwadi, iri mudhudhudhu unogona kutora vanhu vanokwana vatatu. Kana zvichidikanwa, kureba kwemamita matatu kunogona kuderedzwa nechikamu chimwe chete nekusundira kumashure terevhizheni rakatarisana nepasi peyavanopinda.
Tsvagiridzo yebhatiri inosarudza
Icho chikamu chinosarudza kwazvo chekufamba-famba scooter, bhatiri, iri kuitwawo kushanda nesimba. Inofanirwa kunge iri diki nekureruka, asi bvumidza yehurefu hwakareba. Motokari dzemagetsi pari zvino dzakatodarika mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emakiromita pasina muripo mutsva - zvichiri zvishoma zvakanyanya kuti zvimiririre imwe nzira yekutengesa, ndosaka makwikwi ekuvandudza bhatiri aputika pasi rese. Kuti uwedzere simba density, ese anode uye cathode mativi pamwe ma electrolyte anoshandiswa. Padivi cathode, semuenzaniso, kutsvagiridza pamabhatiri e-lithium-sarufa kwakafambiswa muna 250, izvo zvisingadhuri kugadzira uye kuchengetedza anokwana kagumi simba rakawanda pane akajairwa lithium-ion mabhatiri. Imwe tekinoroji iri kutsvakwa zvakadzama i lithium-mhepo tekinoroji, inochengetera kusvika kashanu simba rakapetwa kanopfuura mashanu mazuva ano mabhatiri ean lithium.
Nekudaro, pfupi pfupi yekuchaja nguva yakakoshawo - kunze kwekunge pfungwa yekungogara ichichinja bheji yechikwereti yabudirira. Renault's Zoe, semuenzaniso, inotovimbisa nekuchaira nekukurumidza kusvika ku80 muzana yehuwandu hwekuchaja muawa imwe chete.
Asi nzira yekubhadhara iyo iyo "yakawedzerwa" simba? Zvekare, misoro yave kutoputa. Mukubatana neClimate and Energy Fund, chirongwa cheSMILE parizvino chiri kuyedza prototype inopa hukama hwakawanda, ruzivo rwakawanda, kubhuka, uye mubhadharo system nekubatanidza mabasa emagetsi emumwe neumwe neaya ekufambisa neveruzhinji. Nekudaro, iyo ruzivo uye nzira yekubhadhara yema marudzi ese ezvekutakura zvakavanzika inofanira kupihwa.
Factor mutengi
Ehe, iko kugamuchirwa kwevashandisi venguva yemberi sarudzo yekuvandudzwa kwetraffic yemunhu mutsva traffic. Frauenhofer Institute saka yakaita ongororo pamotokari dzemagetsi. Mhedzisiro: Kumotokari yemagetsi parizvino inotaura kuti mutengo wekutenga wakanyanya (66 muzana), kuti iyo nyika inofanira kutanga yapa rubatsiro kutengesa (63 muzana) uye kuti mota dzemagetsi dzinofanira kunge dzakasimba senge dzemotokari dzakajairika (60 muzana). 46 muzana kunyange inofunga (zvichiri) kuti mota dzemagetsi hadzigoni kutsiva mota dzazvino. Zvimwe izvi zvinokonzerwa nechikonzero chinotevera: 61 muzana vanoti vanoziva zvishoma nezve electromobility.
motokari yemagetsi
Makore mashoma apfuura, mota dzemagetsi dzakatanga kuchinja nyika zvine hutano. Uye chinhu chimwe chatova pachena: Shanduko kumotokari yemagetsi haiuye husiku hwese, inguva isiri muAlpine republic. Pakupera kwe2014, 4.7 mamirioni emotokari dzekirasi M1 akanyoreswa muAustria, mota dze3.386 (0,07 muzana huwandu hwakagoverwa) yakafambisa yakachena bhatiri magetsi - ingangoita kuwedzera 2013 ne63,6 muzana. Uye zvakare, zvakatenderedza 1.700 kubhadharisa mapipi kubva kune vakasiyana varidzi muAustria parizvino iripo kushandiswa kwevanhu.
Yepamberi yomumhanyi muNorway inoratidza kuti inogona kuzviita zvakasiyana ne18.000 ichangobva kunyoreswa mota dzemagetsi mugore re2014 (+ 130 muzana). Icho chikonzero chekuzivikanwa: e-mota vatengi vano chengetedza 25 muzana VAT, mari yekunyoresa, kupinza uye tsika dzemitero uye yakakosha mutero. Pamusoro pezvo, havabhadharise mutero, vanobvumidzwa kukwidziridzira pamapombi eruzhinji uye kuwana mutero wekudzoka wakakwira miriyoni, nekuwedzera e-mota dzinogona kushandisa nzira dzebhazi nepaki yemahara. Zvinonzwika saizvozvo? Neiyo mutero yekuvandudza 2015 zvakare muAustria kukurudzira kunofanira kuuya.
Kutozosvikira 2020, Austria inoda kuwana chikamu chezvemagetsi mune imwe yakazara zvikepe zvemotokari zvikamu zvishanu muzana.Makomendi pamota yemagetsi
"Isu tinoona mota dzemagetsi semukana wekudzikisa zvakanyanya kukanganiswa kwezvakatipinda pabazi rezvekutakura uye kuvimba nezvekunze kwenyika. Uye zvakare, mabhatiri anogona kuita basa sekuchengetedza mugeji remagetsi. Naizvozvo, isu tinotarisira kuti electromobility ichakunda, uye zvirikuitika zviripo zvechokwadi zvikonzero zvetarisiro. Kana mota dzemagetsi dzinyatso kupfuura, ipapo zvinotora imwe nhamba yekufambisa mukufamba kwenguva. Nekuti parizvino kuderedzwa kwemutengo zvakare kunotakura njodzi pachako: zvinogona chaizvo kuitika kuti kutyaira nemotokari yemagetsi mutsetse wepasi wakanyanya kudhura pane kutyaira yakajairwa mota, kuti traffic inowedzera. Asi hazvifanirwe kuitika kuti mota dzemagetsi dzinonyanya kushandiswa sekamota yechipiri mudhorobha, kana kugadzira mota inodhura mutyairi wechitima, nekuti kubva pakuona kwehurongwa hwese, izvi hazvingaite. Kunyanya mukati meguta kune dzimwe nzira dzakaringana dzinochengetedza nzvimbo mukufananidza nemota - zvekuti nzvimbo dzaveruzhinji mumaguta zvakare ive nzvimbo yekugara, panzvimbo yekushandira senzvimbo dzemigwagwa. Nekuti kunyange mota dzemagetsi dzinoda nzvimbo, kutyaira, uye 90 muzana yenguva yekupaka. Sezvineiwo, mota dzemagetsi dzinofanira kutyaira uko kutakura vanhu kwakawanda kusiri kubatsira nekuda kwehuwandu hwevashanyi - pane nyika. Mukufamba kwenguva, saka, zvichave zvakare zvakafanira kufunga nezve matanho ekudzora, kwete mashoma kuitira kuti mubhadharo mari yekudonha kubva kumutero wemafuta mineral uye nokudaro mupiro wemutengo wekugadziriswa kwemigwagwa. Asi hazvisati zvasvika zvakadaro. Chinhu chekutanga chiri kudikanwa pari zvino kudzikisa mutengo webhatiri uye kuwedzera huwandu, uye kupindura mubvunzo wekuti ungabatanidza sei mota mugridi. "
Jurrien Westerhof, Renewable Energy Austria"Kuwanikwa kwema e-charging amaphuzu kunoonekwa sekiyi yekukurumidza kukurudzira kupararira kwe electromobility. Iine chirongwa chekuwedzera uye kushamwaridzana kwenzvimbo yekuchaira chiteshi, Wien Energygie iri kupa Wiener Stadtwerke chisarudzo chine hungwaru mukushandiswa kwezvehupfumi uye nehupfumi hwekushandiswa kwema electromobility. Munharaunda yeVienna modhi, iwe unogona ikozvino kudzosera mabhatiri ako kunzvimbo dzakatenderedza 350 yekuchaja. Panozopera gore, pachave ne400 simba rekuwedzera masimba. "
Thomas Irschik, Vienna Energy"Kufambisa kweumwe neumwe kuri pakati pekushanduka kwakanyanya mumakumi emakore, ne electromobility iri kuita basa rakakosha. E-mota kutyaira chinyararire uye kusununguka-isina, isimba rekutyaira rekudzora greenhouse gasi kubuda uye nekudaro vanobatsira zvakanyanya mukudzivirira kwemamiriro ekunze. Kunze kwenyika, zvakawanda zvinodyarwa mukuvandudza tekinoroji ino yemberi uye kubatanidzwa kwayo muhurongwa huripo - nzira iyo Austria yakazvipira uye yakashinga. "
Ingmar Höbarth, mamiriro ekunze uye simba fund"Kutyaira kwemotokari ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, mutengi wakakura wemafuta ezvekufambisa uye chimwe chezvikamu zvikuru zvekushandisa simba. Mune mapurogiramu akati wandei, Lower Austria yakazvimisira iyo kariro yekudzora traffic yega kana kuzviita zvinonyanya kushanda. Kuzadzisa izvi zvinangwa kunoda, kune rumwe rutivi, kusimudzirwa kwe multimodal kufamba, kureva kubatanidza kwekutakura kwakazvimirira uye nharaunda nharaunda, uye, kune rumwe rutivi, maitiro akawedzera ekugovana maitiro, nzira dzekufambisa uye nzendo. "Electromobility inoita basa rakakosha pano."
Herbert Greisberger, Energy uye Zvemamiriro ekunze Agency Lower Austria
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
