Iyo system panguva yekutendeuka

"Kunyanya mushure me1989, pfungwa yakapusa, yakapusa yemurume yakazvimisikidza, kuti isu tega titevedzere kuzvida kwehupfumi tobva taisa munharaunda."
Munyori Pankaj Mishra

Ipo chimiro cheWestern cheruratidziro pane imwe nguva yakapfuura chinotorwa seisingakundikani kuhwina munhoroondo, iyi nzira yemagariro nehupfumi iye zvino yarasikirwa neruzhinji rwekukwezva.
Tichifunga nezvezvino zvazviri, izvi hazvishamise Mademocracies ekumadokero nhasi anoratidzwa nekusarongeka kwehukama hwemagariro, simba rakada kufanana nerekutapa nekutapa venhau, maitiro asina kusimba emari, dambudziko revanhu vega uye reruzhinji rwezvikwereti uye kuvimba kwakasimba mune vezvematongerwo enyika. Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, iwo maDamocles mapakatwa ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, huwandu hwevanhu vakwegura uye kutama kuri kuuya kunoyerera kunoyerera pamusoro pavo. Kurudyi-mapapiro populist uye magiraidhi ehutongi anopa mukana wakasarudzika wekutora zvakare mweya yakarasika nevimbiso yekuvadzosa chidimbu chekuzivikanwa uye chiremerera.

Izvo chokwadi chekuti urombo nehondo zvakadzikira pasi rese mumakumi mashoma apfuura, kuti udzvanyiriri hwese hweEurope hwakabviswa, uye izvo zvisati zvamboita kuti vanhu vazhinji vawane dzidzo, mushonga, mapensheni, chengetedzo, mutemo wezvemitemo nekutakura, vanotamba zvinoshamisa chikamu chidiki mukufunga kwevanhu.

kambani siyana

Izwi rekuti kugadzirwa munharaunda, chimiro chemagariro kana hukama hwenzanga hunonzwisisika mune zvemagariro, sainzi yezvematongerwo enyika uye nhoroondo seyakarongeka mamiriro uye musangano rezvemagariro. Pfungwa yekuumbwa kwemagariro, yaive yakarongedzwa pamusoro pezvose naKarl Marx, inosanganisira huwandu hwehukama hwese hwehukama hunosiyanisa humwe hunhu hwemagariro kubva kune humwe. Mienzaniso yemaitiro emagariro ndeayo yekare-vanhu vanobata nhapwa, medieval-feudal nzanga, capitalism yemazuva ano, fascism kana komisheni.
Maererano naMarx, yega nhoroondo yemagariro enzvimbo yakaumbwa nekutambudzika kwekirasi.

Iko kutendeuka

Pane kusawirirana kubvumirana pakati pevazivi, vezvematongerwo enyika vezvematongerwo enyika uye vezvehupfumi kuti yanhasi tsika nemagariro zvehupfumi zvinosvika pakushanduka uye shanduko zvakanyanya. Mubvunzo uri muchadenga, kuti uye shanduko iyi ichauya riinhi uye sei - uye kunyanya kwaanotishandura. Mune ramangwana riri nani? Zvakatoipisisa? Kwaani? Tava kuda kutarisana neshanduko? Shanduko yakakosha, yakakura ine nzira yakavhurika uye dzimwe nguva inorwadza uye mhedzisiro? Kana kuti matongerwo enyika anozoguma avhura mashoma mashoma obva agadzira mamiriro ehurongwa hwerunyararo, hunorarama uye hune hutsinye vanhu? Zvinozoitwa here nemimwe mitero, mari yekutanga, nzira yekuvhota yakawanda uye yakatwasuka yakatwasuka?

Kupesana uye nyonganiso

Iyo Bulgaria nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika uye gurukota rezvematongerwo enyika Ivan Krastev ari kugadzirira kuparadzaniswa uye mhirizhonga. Iye zvakare anoona kudonha kwedzimwe rusununguko democracies uye pamwe nyika nyika muchiitiko kuramba kuparadzaniswa kweEU, kuenzanisa gore 2017 neyakagadziridzwa gore 1917, apo Russian Tsarist Humambo, Habsburg Humambo uye Humambo hweOttoman hwakatanga kupesana.

Symbiosis chisiko - nzanga

Iye director weInstitute for Social Change uye Sustainability (IGN), Ingolfur Blühdorn, anowana zvakare kukundikana kwakajeka kwesangano redu razvino uye rehupfumi system uye anoona nguva yemafungiro akasimba. Anonongedzera kune zvine chekuita nesainzi nharo nekunetseka kuri kuuya kweubusicism (Streeck, Mason), kushanduka kubva kuchisimba, hupfumi hwekushandisa uye hupfumi hwenzvimbo (Prince, Muraca), kuendesa kumagariro chiratidzo chitsva chakazara pakati pezvisikwa uye nzanga (Crutzen neSchwägerl, Arias, Maldonado). KwaProfessor Blühdorn, "mamiriro emagariro nemagariro ekushandurwa kwakanyanya kunodarika capitalism, kukura uye tsika dzevatengi zvinofarirwa kupfuura nakare kose".

Kuparara kukuru

Kune iyo ethnologist uye akabatana muvambi weboka reOpapo Wall Street, David Graeber, purofesa kuLondon School of Economics uye Zvezvematongerwo enyika Sayenzi, mubvunzo hausati wakanyanya kana hurongwa hwedu hwazvino hwematongerwo enyika-hwehupfumi huchawa, asi kunyanya apo izvo zvichaitika iri. Iye anoona dzinoverengeka zviitiko zvinoshamisa kuuya kwedu, asi hazvidi hazvo kuita zvechisimba. Achibvunzwa kuti chinzvimbo chei chinofanirwa kutora chikamu chezvinoitika muchiitiko chedu, chinopindura, "Zvakanaka, isu tinoda kuva ivo vanouya nehurongwa hwekuvakazve."

Kunyangwe Tomáš Sedlácek achisiya pasina panikiro kuti hurongwa hwazvino hahusisiri kushanda, husingaonekwe uye hwave kufa, anotenda kuti inogona kuchinjwa pasina kuputika.

Kuzvarwa patsva kwemunhu

Nyanzvi mune zveupfumi uye mubairo-anokunda munyori Tomáš Sedlácek anoyambira nezvekuparadza kwakanyanya uye mhirizhonga inokonzeresa, nekuti "kana ikakanganisa mumwe munhu mushure meizvozvo, ichave munhu ane simba [...] uye pasina vachenjeri kana chero vamwe vanhu". Paanosiya asina chokwadi chekuti hurongwa hwazvino hahusisiri kushanda, husingagone uye hwangofa, asi iye ari zveruzivo rwekuti zvinogona kuchinjwa pasina kuputika. Rimwe rebasa rakakosha remabhizimusi rekushandura "kupa mweya" kumasangano aripo uye kugadzira nzvimbo yezvisina musoro zvevanhu. Sedlácek anoona "mhando yekuzvarwa patsva kwevanhu" iri kuuya kwatiri. "Takaparadzanisa chimwe chinhu ipapo, hupfumi hwacho kubva kunze, hwaive hupenzi chaihwo, sezvo isu tangoziva kunonoka," akadaro economist.

Kubva pamaonero ekumashure, zvakare, iyo yakagadzika yemagariro chifananidzo chemunhu anonzwisisika, anotsigira purofiti ndiye anokonzeresa kusuwa kwedu. Nekudaro, kubva pamaonero eIye muongorori wezvechiIndia uye munyori Pankaj Mishra, isu tine matambudziko ekunzwisisa matambudziko aripo nekuti isu takabatirana nepfungwa dzemunhu seari kuita seari kuita. "Kunyanya mushure me1989, pfungwa yakapusa, isina hutano, inosimudzira hupfumi hwevanhu yakazvisimbisa, kuti isu tega titevedzere kuzvida kwehupfumi uye nekuita mupiro kunharaunda," akadaro Mishra. Icho chokwadi chekuti mufananidzo uyu hauiti kururamisira vanhu uye vanongorega zvinopesana, zvinodiwa zvisina musoro uye zvinokurudzira zvinouraya kuWestern social order mumaonero ake. Maererano naye, isu zvakare tinofanirwa kutarisa iyo nyaya "kubva pachinzvimbo chekuona kwevakarasika kuti tivanzwisise".

Ramangwana democracy

Sangano reAustria rinoona nezvevashandi veveruzhinji Kovar & Partners rinobvunza nyanzvi gore rega rega nezve kuongorora kwavo remangwana rerunyararo. Muna Ndira vakaiburitsa seArena Kuongorora 2017 - kutangazve democracy. Iwo mazano makuru:

pachena: Nzira dzinoshanda kwazvo dzekusavimba nevezvematongerwo enyika ndeyekuita zvinhu pachena. Nyanzvi dzinobvumirana kuti kujekesa kuchaita basa rakakura mune ramangwana. Kunyanya, ivo vanosheedzera pachena pabasa reparamende kuitira kuti sarudzo dzekutevera dziteedzwe uye kunzwisiswe, uye pamusoro pazvose, makomiti anogona kutepfenyurwa achirarama muTV.

Mitemo mitsva yemitambo kwekutaurirana kwezvinhu zvekutanga zvemagariro (makakatanwa). Pasinei nemupiro wavo pakuenzana kwemagariro, mubatanidzwa wenzanga weAustria hausisiri mumiriri weAustria. Basa rekumiririra zvinobudirira mapoka emagariro rinogonawo kuendeswa kune veruzhinji.

Sevha Europe: Tarisiro dzekubatana kweEurope zviri nani kupusa mazuva ano. Nekudaro, kubva pamamiriro ehupfumi uye ehupfumi maonero, kupona uye kuwedzera kudzika kweEU ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kwazvo kuAustria. Naizvozvo, iyo nyanzvi dzinoda kuzvipira kushandira kumutsidzira kweEuropean pfungwa, kunyanya yemakambani nemasangano anonyanya kubatsirwa kubva kumiganhu yakavhurika.

Kufunga zvakare dzidzo yezvematongerwo enyika: Kune vanhu vadiki, demokrasi haichisiri yega kukosha pachayo .Naizvozvo, kudzidziswa kwenheyo dzakakosha dzegutsaruzhinji muzvikoro zveAustria kwakakosha. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa zvine hukama hwakakodzera uye zvakaderera pane kufambisa ruzivo.

Shambadzira kwegutsaruzhinji! Yese mune zvese, kurudziro inoenda kune vese vagari, kune mamwe masangano, kumasangano uye nemakambani: "Tichada kushambadzira kwakawanda kwe 'democracy system'. Chero ani zvake anotenda kuti democracy system yedu ndeye perpetuum nhare haina kunaka. Kukurudzira hurongwa hweDemocracy kungavawo chinhu chinogona kubatanidza vese maDemocrat. Inenge nguva yekuti isu tishande mari mukupindura mubvunzo uyu: Chii chinotibatanidza muAustria? Izvo, zvakare, zvinogona kuve mufananidzo wekuenderera mberi kwehutongi hwedu ", vanyori vekudzidza vanodaro.

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