Organic ivhu: ivhu rinorimika riri mumaoko evarimi vekurima

naRobert B. Fishman

Varimi vekuGermany vari kushaya ivhu. Varimi vachiri kurima inenge hafu yenzvimbo muGermany. Asi ivhu rekurima riri kuramba richishomeka uye richidhura. Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka zveizvi: Sezvo kusisina mhindu ipi neipi pamaakaundi okubhanga uye mabhondi akacherechedzwa zvakanaka, vanoisa mari nevanofungidzira vari kutenga nzvimbo yokurima yakawanda. Haikwanisi kuwedzerwa uye iri kutowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Zuva rega rega muGermany anenge mahekita makumi matanhatu (60 ha = 1 square metres) yenyika inonyangarika pasi peasphalt nekongiri. Mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura, akatenderedza 10.000 square kilometers emigwagwa, dzimba, zvidyarwa zvemaindasitiri nezvimwe zvinhu zvakavakwa munyika ino. Izvi zvinoenderana neanosvika kasere nzvimbo yeBerlin kana yakatenderedza chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chedunhu reHesse.  

Farmland sekudyara

Pamusoro pezvo, varimi vakawanda munzvimbo dzakapoteredza maguta anodhura vari kutengesa minda yavo senzvimbo yekuvaka. Nemari yacho vanotenga minda mberi. 

Kudiwa kwakanyanya uye mitengo yakaderera yedhiraivha. Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGermany, mutengo wehekita imwe yenyika wakapetwa katatu kubva 2009 kusvika 2018 kusvika paavhareji ye15.000 euros, pakati peavhareji yenyika inosvika zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu zvemaeuro nhasi, zvichienzaniswa negumi muna 25.000. Magazini yezvemari Brokertest inotaura mutengo weavhareji we 10.000 euros pahekita ye2008 mushure me2019 muna 26.000.

“Ivhu rekurima rinowanzova chinangwa chekudyara kwenguva refu icho budiriro yakanaka kwazvo ichangobva kuitika,” inodaro. Mupiro Uyezve. Kunyange makambani einishuwarenzi nevaridzi vezvitoro zvefenicha vave kutenga nzvimbo dzekurima dzakawanda. Iyo yakavanzika nheyo yeAlDI mugari wenhaka Theo Albrecht junior akawana zviuru zvina mahekita enzvimbo inorimika nemafuro muThuringia kwemakumi maviri nenomwe emamiriyoni euros. Wepa Thünen Chirevo cheFederal Ministry yeChikafu uye Zvekurima BMEL yakashuma muna 2017 kuti kuti mumatunhu gumi ekumabvazuva kweGerman chikamu chakanaka chetatu chemakambani ezvekurima ndeevesupra-regional investimendi - uye maitiro ari kuwedzera. 

Kurima kwechinyakare kunobvisa ivhu

Kurima kwemaindasitiri epamusoro kunowedzera dambudziko iri. Sezvo chiverengero chavagari vapasi chiri kukura, ndizvo zvakaitawo kudiwa kwezvokudya. Varimi vanoedza kukohwa zvakanyanya kubva munzvimbo imwe chete. Mhedzisiro: Ivhu rinodonha uye goho rinoderera nekufamba kwenguva. Saka mukufamba kwenguva iwe unoda yakawanda uye yakawanda ivhu yehuwandu hwakafanana hwekudya. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mapurazi ari kusandura nzvimbo kuita magwenga echibage uye kumwe kurimwa chete. Goho racho rinotamira kumiti ye<em>biogas kana kuti mumatumbu emombe nenguruve dzakawanda, izvo zvinopedza nzara yenyika yose yenyama. Ivhu riri kukukurwa uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu kuri kuramba kuchidzikira.

 Kurimwa kwakakura kwemaindasitiri, fetereza nemishonga yezvipembenene yakawandisa pamwe nekusanaya kwemvura nemafashamu zvichikonzerwa nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze uye kupararira kwegwenga zvakaparadza zvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana zveminda inorimwa pasi rose mumakore achangopfuura. Nzara yenyama irikura yevanhu inoda nzvimbo yakawanda. Zvichakadaro shumirai 78% yenzvimbo yekurima inoshandiswa kupfuya zvipfuyo kana kurimwa kwechikafu. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvikamu zvitanhatu chete zvemombe uye yenguruve ye100 inokura maererano nemitemo yekurima kwekurima.

Ivhu riri kudhurira varimi vadiki vekurima

Mari yerendi inowedzera nemutengo wemunda. Varimi vechidiki kunyanya vanoda kutenga kana kuwedzera bhizinesi vari parumananzombe. Hauna mari yakakwana yekutenga pamitengo iyi. Izvi zvinonyanya kukanganisa mapurazi enguva pfupi, asina mari shoma uye mapurazi madiki ekurima yakagadzikana uye inoshamwaridzana nemamiriro ekunze vanoshanda kupfuura vavanoshanda navo “vakajaira”. 

"Mishonga yezvipembenene" ine chepfu uye mafetereza emakemikari zvinorambidzwa mukurima organic. Zvipembenene zvakawanda uye mamwe marudzi emhuka anorarama paminda ine organic. Hugaro hwema microorganisms nezvimwe zvipenyu hunochengetedzwa muvhu. Hupenyu hwakasiyana-siyana hwakanyanya kukwira pamunda weorganic pane pamunda unorimwa “nenguva dzose”. Mvura yepasi haina kusvibiswa zvishoma uye ivhu rine mikana yakawanda yekuvandudza. Chidzidzo che Thünen Institute uye mamwe masangano matanhatu ekutsvagisa akasimbisa kurima organic muna 2013 sekuita simba rakawanda uye kuve nekushomeka kwe CO2 inoenderana nenharaunda pamwe nekwakanakira kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu: 95 muzana yakakwirira kune shiri dzesango. " 

Organic ine mutsa kune mamiriro ekunze

Kana zvasvika pakuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze, zvakare, "organic" mhedzisiro yakanaka: “Kuyerwa kwakasimba kunoratidza kuti ivhu riri munzvimbo dzedu dzine mamiriro ekunze ari pakati nepakati rinoburitsa magasi egreenhouse mashoma pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda. Organic ivhu rine avhareji gumi muzana yepamusoro zvemukati mevhu kabhoni, "yakadaro Thünen Institute muna 2019.

Kudiwa kwekudya kweorganic kwakakura pane kupihwa

Panguva imwecheteyo, varimi veorganic muGermany havachakwanisa kuenderana nekukura kuri kudiwa nekugadzirwa kwavo. Mhedzisiro: zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zviri kutengeswa kunze kwenyika. Parizvino inenge gumi muzana yeminda muGermany inorimwa maererano nemitemo yekurima organic. EU nehurumende yemubatanidzwa yeGerman inoda kuwedzera chikamu chakapetwa kaviri. Asi varimi vekurima vanoda ivhu rakawanda. 

Ndosaka achitenga Organic ivhu cooperative kubva mumadhipoziti enhengo dzayo (chikamu chinodhura 1.000 euros) ivhu rinorimwa nehuswa pamwe chete nemapurazi ese uye kuhaisa kuvarimi venyama. Inongosiya ivhu kuvarimi vanoshanda vachitevedzera gwara remasangano ekurima akaita seDemeter, Naturland kana Bioland. 

"Nyika inouya kwatiri kuburikidza nevarimi," anodaro mutauriri weBioBoden, Jasper Holler. “Avo chete vanogona kushandisa ivhu zvachose vanogona kusimbisa kuorera kwevhu nekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu. The bottleneck ndiro guta guru. "

"Nyika iri kuuya kwatiri," anopindura mutauriri weBioBoden, Jasper Holler, kupokana kuti mubatanidzwa wake, semutengi wekuwedzera, uchakwidza mitengo yeminda mberi. 

"Isu hatikwidziridze mitengo nekuti isu takavakirwa pamutengo wepasi wakajairwa kwete mitengo yemusika chete uye hatipindire mumaokisheni." 

BioBoden inongotenga ivhu rinodiwa nevarimi izvozvi. Muenzaniso: Mudzidzisi anoda kana kuti anofanira kutengesa ivhu rinorimika. Murimi anoshanda mumunda haakwanise. Ivhu risati raenda kune vanodyara mari kubva kunze kweindasitiri kana kupurazi “rakare”, rinotenga ivhu rekurima richibva rabhadhara kumurimi kuti aenderere mberi.

Kana varimi vaviri vakafarira nzvimbo imwe chete, tichaedza kutsvaga mhinduro pamwe chete nevarimi vaviri ava.” Mutauriri weOrganic soil VaJasper Holler. 

“1/3 yevarimi vari kushanda mazuva ano vachasiya basa mumakore 8–12 anotevera. Vazhinji vavo vachatengesa minda yavo nemapurazi avo kuti vararame nemari yavanenge vawana mukukwegura. ”Mutauriri weBioBoden, Jasper Holler.

"Kuda kukuru"

“Kudiwa kukuru,” anoshuma kudaro Holler. Iyo cooperative inongotenga ivhu nemitengo yemusika zvichienderana neyakajairwa kukosha kwevhu, haitore chikamu mumaokisheni uye inogara kunze kwayo kana, semuenzaniso, B. varimi vakati wandei vanokwikwidzana nechikamu chimwe chete chevhu. Zvakangodaro, BioBoden aigona kutenga mimwe minda yakawanda kana aine mari. Holler anonongedza kuti mumakore mashoma anotevera "anenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevarimi vari kushanda parizvino vachaenda pamudyandigere". Vazhinji vavo vaizofanira kutengesa purazi kuti vawane mabhenefiti avo pamudyandigere. Kuti uchengetedze ivhu iri rekurima organic, ivhu reorganic richiri kuda mari yakawanda.

“Tinofanirwa kufunga patsva mashandisiro atinoita. Sango rinonaya mvura zhinji riri kucheneswa kuitira kugadzirwa kwenyama muno uye nekutenga nyama kubva kunze kwenyika.

Mumakore matanhatu kubva payakavambwa, cooperative inoti yawana 5.600 nhengo dzakaunza 44 miriyoni euros. BioBoden yakatenga 4.100 mahekita emunda nemapurazi makumi manomwe nerimwe, semuenzaniso: 

• muUckermark mubatanidzwa wekurima wakakwana une mahekita anopfuura 800 evhu. Izvi zvave kushandiswa neBrodowin organic farm. Kunyangwe mapurazi madiki kubva kuSolawi nurseries kuenda ku wineries ane ivhu rakachengetedzwa nemubatanidzwa.
• Kutenda nerubatsiro rweBioBoden, mombe dzinobva kumurimi wekurima dzinofura pachitsuwa chekudzivirira shiri muSzczecin Lagoon.
• MuBrandenburg, murimi akabudirira kurima organic walnuts paminda ine organic. Kusvika zvino, 95 muzana yeizvi zvakatengwa kunze kwenyika.

BioBoden inopawo masemina ekudzidzisa uye hurukuro kumayunivhesiti kutsigira vangangove varimi veorganic pavanenge vachigadzira mabhizinesi avo.

"Tinorenda ivhu kuvarimi vekurima kwemakore makumi matatu nesarudzo dzekuwedzera gumi rega kwemamwe makore makumi matatu." 

Huwandu hwenhengo dzeBioBoden dzinoramba dzichikura. Muna 2020 iyo cooperative yakanyora kukura kukuru munhoroondo yayo pfupi. Nhengo idzi dzinoisa mari kubva mukufungidzira. Havana kudzoserwa panguva ino, kunyangwe izvi "zvisina kubviswa" mune ramangwana.

“Takagadzirawo hwaro. Unogona kuvapa nyika isina mutero nemapurazi. Yedu BioBoden Foundation yakagamuchira mapurazi mana neminda yakawanda inorimika mumakore mana. Vanhu vanoda kuti mapurazi avo achengetwe kuitira kurima zvirimwa.

Cooperative iri kushandawo papfungwa yekuti nhengo dzingabatsirike sei kubva kuzvigadzirwa zvemapurazi. Dzimwe nguva vanogona kutenga online paBioBoden-Höfe.

BioBoden ruzivo:

Chero ani zvake anotenga zvikamu zvitatu zve1000 euros imwe neimwe kuBioBoden anotora avhareji ye2000 square metres yenyika. Mukutaura chaiko kwemasvomhu, ndiyo nzvimbo yaunoda kudyisa munhu.