Stefan Tesch
Bhiri iri harishande kunze: Ndiani ane euro imwe, haakwanise kupedza maviri. Izvo chero mwana wese anoziva nezve muhomwe mari hazvishande pasi rese. "Unotenda here chikuva?"Pasi Overshoot Zuva", Tinoshandisa kanenge kaviri pagore izvo izvo nyika yedu inogona kuburitsa mune zviwanikwa. A mafuta minus akadaro. Mwaka uno watinawo ku2. Nyamavhuvhu yakashandisa yedu yegore rese basa. Uye zvino?
Zuva reOvershoot chingori chimwe chezviratidzo zvakawanda zvekuti isu vanhu hatisi kutarisira pasi zvakanaka. Isu hatisi chete kumushandisa iye, asiwo mumwe nemumwe. Chii chinofanira kuchinja? Vamiriri vemamwe mamodheru ezvehupfumi vanobvumirana kuti iro ramangwana rinofanirwa kuve rakasvibirira Hupenyu hwevanhu, hunhu hwemagariro uye kudzikiswa kwekusaenzana kunofanirwa kutora pamberi pehuwandu husina chinhu sekukura kweGDP. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuenda ikoko: denderedzwa hupfumi, kudzikira, post-kukura, Buen Vivir - kungodudza mashoma.
Imwe hupfumi hweramangwana
"Ecommony"
Wehupfumi Friedrike Habermann anomiririra iyi modhi, pun pane "Commons" uye "Ehupfumi". Yavo credo: muridzi pachinzvimbo chepfuma, nekuti chivakwa chinovakirwa pakubviswa. Kana iwe uine chimwe chinhu, iwe unodzinga vamwe kubva pakuishandisa, kunyangwe iwe usinga chide izvozvi. Zvese zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuve zvakajairika zvakanaka, uye kuve nemweya nemunhu panguva yekushandisa chete. Basa rinokwana muEcommony se "basa rakatorwa". Vanhu vanofanirwa kuita nekuti vanonzwa kunge vanoda chimwe chinhu uye vanozviona sezviri madikanwa kwete nekuti ivo vanofanirwa kuwana mari. Mari uye system yemitengo yakakurirwa mu ecommony, inozviona neimwe nzira yeiyo capitalism.Blue Upfumi
Sekureva kwepfungwa yemuzvinabhizimusi weBelgian Gunter Pauli, makambani anofanirwa kuwana zviwanikwa zvakanyanya kubva kumarara. Shanduko kune ino denderedzwa hupfumi inofanirwa kugadzira kutenderera nyika 100 mamirioni emabasa, ayo anogona kushandura iyo hupfumi hwese hurongwa.Steady Nyika Hupfumi
Hupfumi hausisiri kukura mumuviri, asi inoenderera nekusimudzira pamwero wakakwana, unochengetedzwa wekushandisa. Mumuenzaniso uyu, hupfumi hwakanyudzwa mune zvakasikwa masisitimu ane miganho yasvikwa. Kuwedzera kukura kwaizotungamira mukubatwa zvisina kufanira. Iyo yekutanga iripo ruzhinji vanhu, nekuti kusvika zvino, kukura kwehupfumi kwakabatanidzwa zvine simba pamwe nekukura kwehuwandu.Buen Vivir, Kudzikisira & Co vese vanotevedzera nzira dzakafanana, dzekuti vawedzere classical capitalism kuchikamu chemunhu uye vasingashande nesimba kuendesa kukura kweGDP.
Zvakafanana zvakanaka panzvimbo yeGDP
Zvakaitika mberi ndezvazvino. Kunyangwe isu tisingakwanise kuchinja izvo zvaitika kusvika ikozvino. Asi zvekudzidza kubva kuzvikanganiso zvakanyanya. "Kubudirira kwehupfumi parizvino hakuna kuyerwa kwete nezvinangwa, asi nenzira, zvakanyanya mumari," anodaro Christian Felber. Iye ndiye mumwe wevamiriri vane mukurumbira weyakajairika hupfumi hwakanaka (GWÖ) muAustria. Chinangwa chekupedzisira kubudirira, mune dzidziso yaFelber zvinoreva "zvakanaka zvimwe". Iyo ine zvinhu zvinoremadza vanhu, kuchengetedzwa kwechisiko, kurarama munharaunda uye kutora chikamu. Mari uye mari inongova nzira dzakanakisa dzekuguma uye kwete matanho ehupfumi.
Asi kumirira, haisi iyo Gross Domestic Chigadzirwa (GDP) ndiyo inoshamisira chiratidzo chehupfumi kuyerwa? "Aiwa," anodaro Felber, "nekuti zvemari hazvitenderi mhedzisiro yakavimbika pazvinhu zvemagariro uye zvakatipoteredza." Kana iwe ukatora zvirevo zvemari zvekambani nzira, ipapo pepa rakakwira hari kuratidze kana kambani ichiita kambani ine kukosha kweGWÖ , Iyo GWÖ inozviona isati iri imwe modhi, asi sekuwedzera kweiyo iripo. Izvi hazvitauri kuti mabharani akajairwa anofanirwa kugara munzvimbo, asi - sekureva kwevamiriri veichi chirevo - ivo vaizofanirwa kuwedzerwa kusanganisira zvakanaka zvacho.
Imwe nzira ndeyekusimudzira mishumo. Aya atove kuwanikwa, asi mamwe chinzvimbo chiri muchikamu "Greenwashing". Kuti vaunze yunifomu yakafanana, vamiririri veiyo GWÖ vauya nematanho e20 misoro iyo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, inoongorora pesvedzero yekambani pane vatengesi, vatengi uye vashandi.
Uye chii icho chinoita kune iyo kambani? "Chero ani anokurudzira zvigadzirwa zviri nani anofanirwa kupihwa mubairo wakaderera mutero, zvakachipa chikwereti uye kukosha mukutengwa kwevanhu," anodaro Felber. Izvi zvinotungamira kune zvakachipa kugadzirwa mamiriro uye yakakwirira purofiti nzira.
Iyo yakajairika yakanaka pfungwa
Zvakadii nemakambani anobva ku "yakasviba" indasitiri? Iyo kambani yesimbi Voest, semuenzaniso, ine mutoro wehafu yekushandiswa kwemagetsi eAustria uye zvakare ndiye mukuru CO2 muridzi munyika. Iyi kambani ingamboita sei kuongorora kwakanaka pasi peGWÖ mamiriro? Izvo zvinongoshanda pane mwero wepasi rese. Iyo GWÖ inopa pfungwa ina:
1. Global Resource Management: Distribution kiyi inofanirwa kune zvese zviwanikwa pasi rese, senge pane iyo UN level. Uchishandisa muenzaniso wekugadzirwa kwesimbi, ichi chingave chirongwa chakanyatso chekuti ingani simbi inobvumidzwa kugadzirwa pasi rese zvachose. Kuwedzerwa kugadzirwa - sezvazvino kuChina - kunotungamira mukurasa nekushandisa zvisizvo, kwaizopikiswa.
2. Kugadziriswa kwemitero yepasirese: Simbi kana dhizaini inogadzirwa panguva yekugadzira, senge kabhoni, inobhadhariswa mutero wepasi rose. Izvo zvinogadzirisa mutengo.
3. Tsika yemahara yakaenzanirana: Makambani anofanirwa kufunga zvakare uye kugadzira zvakanyanya ecology kuburikidza neunyanzvi. Izvi zvinoguma nepundutso yakakwira nekuda kwemitero yakaderera.
4. Simba rekutenga rechisimba: Izvo zviwanikwa zvepasi rino zvakagoverwa kuvanhu vese muchimiro che account account pagore. Chero mugari wega wega ane gore rechisiki rekutenga simba, mukuwedzera kune system system. Mitengo yezvigadzirwa nemasevhisi zvakanakira mune "mari" yese. Imwe neimwe yekushandisa inodya ecopoints kubva kuakaunti, ine kunyanya kusvibisa zvigadzirwa. Kana iyo account ikapera, unogona kungotenga zvakachengetedzeka zvakanyanya.
Kubatira pane kukwikwidza
Iyo mhando yeiyo yakajairika hupfumi inozviona kwete senge imwe sarudzo yekubatisisa, asi semutambo mutsva unosiyana. Panzvimbo yekukunda yemakwikwi uye kufunga kwemakwikwi, hupfumi hunofanira kutarisa kubatana.
Ko iwo mafungiro enharaunda yekukura-kumashure ndeye utopia? Kwete napaduku. "Makambani mazhinji akasimukira ari kutofamba zvishoma nezvishoma munzira iyi," anodaro Tristan Horx, mutsvagidzi wefashoni pa Zukunftsinstitut, Kuremekedza kurapwa kwenzvimbo uye kwakawanda kuzvipira kwemagariro zviratidzo zveizvi. Mukuwedzera, iyo hupfumi hwekugovana inhanho inoenda kune-kukurira-kukura.
Meya wenyika
Upfumi hunoshanda pasi rese, asi isu tinogara munyika-nyika. "Ndokusaka vezvematongerwo enyika vachiwanzo vasina masimba kumabhizinesi epasi rose uye nehunyanzvi hwavo hwekudzivirira mutero," anodaro Horx. Pfungwa yake, yaakabudisawo mumushumo wechangobva kubuditswa wekuti "Generation Global", inodaidzira kuti hupfumi hwenyika nezvematongerwo enyika hunofanira kupfuura nepasi rese. Maitiro ese ari maviri anofanirwa kubatanidzwa pamatanho ese.
Izvi zvinoshanda sei? Muenzaniso ndeye "Global Paramende yeMameya". Kubva pagore rapfuura, mameya e61 metropolises nyika kamwe pagore kwemazuva maviri kukurukura, pakati pezvimwe, pahupfumi, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kutama. Uku kududzirwa kutsva kwezwi rekuti "glocal" nekuti maameya ane simba remunharaunda uye panguva imwecheteyo network pasi rese.
Kuvandudzwa chinhu chakanyanya kukoshesa
Izvo izvo murimi haazive, haadyi. Izvi zvine mhedzisiro inouraya panguva iyo mamiriro ari kuchinja nekukurumidza uye nekukurumidza. Unyanzvi hwekugadzira hunowedzera kufungidzira kwechizvarwa chekare. "Usatya chimwe chinhu chitsva", anodaro future ofologist anonzi René Massatti seyakagadziriswa munharaunda yemhando iri nani yehupfumi inoshanda. "Shanduko inogara ichifanira kuve yakasungirwa mupfungwa dzevanhu". Munzira iyi chete ndipo panogamuchirwa zvigadzirwa uye zvinoshandiswa zvine chinangwa. Nharaunda uye dijitari kusaenzana kwakaderera. Saizvozvo, Massatti anomhan'arira hurumende kuti: "Kuvandudzwa kunofanirwa kunge kuri chinhu kune vabati kwete mumaoko emakambani makuru," akadaro Massatti.
Kufurira chinhu chakakosha matekinoroji
Tekinoroji nyowani dzinochinja hupfumi nehupenyu. Heano matatu eakakosha matekinoroji epamberi.
Uchenjeri hwekugadzira
Kunyangwe zuva racho rakamiswa nguva nenguva, asi runyararo dzidziso inotaura kuti kusvikira 2045 murume anogona kuzvigadzira. Iti: hungwaru hwekunyepedzera (AI) inogona kugadzira kugadzira hungwaru hwekunyepedzera (AI), murume anova "anoshamisa". Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, kushanda kweAI kuchapfuura munhu, saka angangoita pfungwa yeiyo US yekuwona Ray Kurzweil.
Kufungidzira kwakadaro kunofanira kubatwa nekuchenjerera. Chii chiri chokwadi, zvisinei, ndechekuti AI ichave ine pesvedzero huru pane ramangwana redu. Masystem anounza cactitive performance, saka funga zvako uzvironge pachako. Uye isu vanhu tinoitei ipapo? Trend muongorori Horx anoona zvinorehwa nehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji mukutsiva basa rinonetesa. "Kukanganisa kufunga kuti isu tinofanirwa kutya kuti tisashande nekuda kweizvi". Chinhu chimwe chete ndechechokwadi, AI naRobotic vanobvisa mabasa. Asi "dzidzo inofanirwa kuchinja kuitira kuti vanhu vaite mabasa ayo michina isingakwanise kuita," akaverenga kudaro futurologist Rene Massatti. Simba remurume ndiko kusatarisirwa kwemabasa ake, iko kusika. Vanhu vanogara vachida zvigadziriso zvekugadzira uye zvinonetseka kana vanogona kunyatso kubatwa neKI.Blockchain
Panguva iyo digitization irikusakura makambani akaita seAirbnb neUber uye achivaitisa mabhiriyoni emadhora mukati memakore mashoma, Blockchain inogona kubva yakanatsa. Zvinorehwa, tekinoroji iyi ichakurumidza kuda kana chikuva senge Airbnb kuunza mibhedha yemahara nevashanyi. "Blockchain inoonekwa seinogona kukanganisa kukanganisa," anodaro Massatti. Mhedziso yake: "Uku ndiko kuchaenderera mberi kweiyo capitalism yepuratifomu."Bioengineering
Munhu achakwanisa kuzvikwidziridza kuburikidza bionengineering, semuenzaniso, ave kukwanisa kukweretesa masimba emweya kana hupenyu hwusingaperi. Rudzi rwakakodzera kupora kwekufa mitezo, senge ma exoskeletons. Kukanganisa kwakashata ndekwemaviri-kirasi nzanga, nekuti vapfumi chete ndivo vanokwanisa kugadzirisa muviri. Uyezve pane mubvunzo mukuru wetsika wekuti vanhu vangani vanogona kuchinjwa.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
