Kumanga kosasunthika: nthano zidamveka

Ngakhale panali okayikira ena, pali mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wofufuza: Kafukufuku wapadziko lonse wa 11.944 kuyambira zaka 1991 mpaka 2011 adasinthidwa ndi gulu la asayansi lotsogozedwa ndi John Cook, zotsatira zomwe zidafotokozeredwa mu ndondomeko ya "Zolemba Zazofufuza Zazachilengedwe": kuchuluka konse kwa 97,1, omwe amapereka ndemanga, amazindikira kuti anthu amachititsa kusintha kwa nyengo. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti palibe kukayikira kuti kusintha kwa nyengo kukuchitika. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsanso kuti kusintha kwanyengo kwafikanso m'maganizo a Austrian: mozungulira 45 peresenti ali ndi nkhawa ndi nyengo (Statista, 2015), ngakhale 63 peresenti ikuganiza kuti payenera kukhala kuchitapo kanthu polimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo (IMAS, 2014). Zotsatira zake: malinga ndi Climate Change Assessment Report ya Austrian Panel on Climate Change (APCC, 2014), kutentha kwocheperachepera madigiri a 3,5 Celsius akuyembekezeka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana - ndi zotsatira zachilengedwe komanso zachuma.

Sikuwonetsedwanso kuti nyumba ndizomwe zimayambitsa mpweya wobiriwira komanso chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Pafupifupi 40 peresenti yamphamvu zonse zamagetsi zimawerengeredwa ndi gawo lazomangamanga, zomwe zimayimiranso CO2 yayikulu komanso kupulumutsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake Austria ndi EU atenga njira zambiri kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Cholinga ndikusintha kukhala gulu lopanda mphamvu, lopulumutsa mphamvu.

Nyumba yokhazikika - nthano:

Nthano 1 - mphamvu zamagetsi siziri - kapena ndi?

Zowona kuti kumanga ndi kukonza, kukonza magetsi, komanso kukonza, makamaka mphamvu yamafuta, zimakhudza nyumba ndipo momwe zimachitikira zimawerengeredwa moyenera pakumanga mabungwe azomanga zaka makumi angapo zapitazo. Kafukufuku wamkulu komanso kufufuzidwa pazinyumba zomwe zilipo komanso nyumba zikwizikwi zamagetsi zatsimikizira izi.
Koma kodi ndalama zomwe zakonzedweratu, zowerengera mphamvu zidzakwaniritsidwa? Funsoli lidadzutsidwa, mwa zina, ndi kafukufuku wa bungwe lothandizira mphamvu zamagetsi ku Germany dena 2013, lomwe linayesa kuchuluka kwa nyumba zomwe zakonzedwa mwamphamvu kwa 63 pazaka zingapo. Zotsatira zake ndikuyenera kunyadira: Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yomaliza ya 223 kWh / (m2a) pafupifupi asanasinthe ndikukonza kwa 45 kWh / (m2a) pafupifupi atakonzanso, kupulumutsa mphamvu peresenti ya 80. Pambuyo pazokonzanso zenizeni, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya 54 kWh / (m2a) ndi kupulumutsa kwapakati mphamvu ya 76 peresenti pomaliza pake zinafikiridwa.
Zotsatira zake zidachitika molakwika ndi milandu ingapo yomwe idaphonya chandamale. Tsoka ilo, izi zimachitikanso: choyambirira chofunikira pakugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa njira zamagetsi zamagetsi zatsopano ndikuwukonzanso ndikukonzekera koyenera. Mobwerezabwereza, komabe, kupha kumabweretsa zolakwika zomwe zimatsogolera ku zotsatira zakusunga kukhala zotsika kuposa zomwe zidanenedweratu. Khalidwe laogwiritsa ntchito lingathenso kusokoneza mphamvu yomwe ikuyembekezeka. Zizolowezi zakale, monga kupendekera kwakanthawi kapena kuzimitsa mpweya wabwino wamalo, zimakhala ndi zotsutsana ndipo ziyenera kutayidwa kaye.

Nthano 2 - Mphamvu zamagetsi sizimalipira - kapena amatero?

Funso loti ndalama zowonjezerapo zomanga ndi kukonzanso zimabwezeranso ndalama zimayankhidwanso kokwanira kafukufuku ndi kafukufuku. Makamaka, ndikofunikira kuganizira za moyo wa nyumbayo ndi kusintha kwa mtengo wamagetsi.
Mwakutero, miyeso yonse ili, pamlingo wina, wachuma, koma momwe machitidwewo amakhazikitsira magwiridwe antchito. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuwotchera mafuta kwa nyumba yakale, mawonekedwe ake amayenera kukonzedwanso.
Komabe, zomwe zikukambidwa pakugwiritsa ntchito mtengo ziyenera kuonedwa mosamala, popeza momwe ndalama - kuchuluka kwa ndalama, njira yomangira kapena zinthu zomangira, mtundu wa magetsi yotentha ndi zina - sizingafanane ndipo mitengo yamtsogolo ikubvuta kulosera. Kupatula pazachilengedwe, komabe, zinthu monga kuwonjezera phindu la nyumbayo ndikuwonjezeka kwamtundu wamtunduwu ndi mwayi wowonekeranso.

Nthano 3 - kutulutsa kumatsogolera ku nkhungu - kapena ayi?

Ndizowona kuti m'magulu onse othandizira, kaya opaka kapena osatetezedwa, chinyontho chimapangidwa chomwe mwanjira inayake chimayenera kutulutsidwa kunja. Mold imapangidwanso muzinyumba zatsopano, zomwe sizinume konse atatha kumanga, makamaka nyumba zomanga zokonzanso. Kutulutsira kunja kwanyengo - kukonzekera ndi kukhazikitsa njira zopangidwazo - kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa kutentha kunja kwamphamvu kwambiri, potero kumawonjezera kutentha kwamakoma mkati mwa makhoma. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri chiwopsezo cha kukula kwa nkhungu. Nthawi zambiri kukula kwa nkhungu kumakhalanso chifukwa cha wogwiritsa ntchito: Makamaka ndi mawindo atsopano, ofunikira, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana chinyezi cha mpweya ndikuwongolera moyenera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina othandizira mpweya wabwino.

Nthano 4 - madamu ndiwotupa - kapena ayi?

Kuwonekera kwa Radon ndi chiopsezo chokhudzana ndi khansa nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kutenthetsa. Komabe, ndikulondola kuti ma radiation radiye kuchokera ku radongesi radon (yoyezera gawo la Bequerel Bq) sikuti chifukwa cha kutulutsa, koma kuthawa kuchokera pansi kupita mlengalenga chifukwa chakuyika kwachilengedwe.
Komabe, makulidwe a radon amawonedwanso m'nyumba zomangidwa, chifukwa mpweya umatha kudzikundikira pano. Mowonjezera mpweya wabwino m'chipindacho kapena chotsekera m'chipinda chochezera chimabweretsa kubwinobwino m'njira yayitali.
Chitetezo, mwachitsanzo, chingathe kusindikiza m'chipinda chapansi panthaka ndi malo okhala.
Kuwunika kwabwino kumapereka radon mapu.

Nthano 5 - zida zowonjezera ndizowononga zowopsa zamtsogolo - kapena ayi?

Makamaka, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi (ETICS) nthawi zina zimakayikiridwa pokhudzana ndi moyo ndi ntchito. Kulimba kwawo tsopano kukuyerekeza kukhala zaka pafupifupi 50: ETICS Yoyamba idasamutsidwira ku 1957 ku Berlin ndipo idagwirabe ntchito. Komabe, zikuwonekeratu kuti kutentha kwa mafuta kuyenera kusinthidwa patatha zaka makumi angapo. Moyenera, kutchinjiriza kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito, kapena kuyesereranso.
Kugwiritsanso ntchito sikutheka osachepera mu ETICS chifukwa chokomera pamaso potsatira mkhalidwe waluso waluso. Ngakhale mutaganizirana kaye za ETICS yokhala ndi malo osungiramo, omwe angapangitse kuwongolera, kusunthabe kumathandizabe pakuwononga kwakukulu kwazinthuzo. Komabe, makampani ena akugwira kale ntchito pazovuta monga mphero. Kwa zinthu zina monga zinthu zochulukitsira zambiri, kuchepetsa kwa 100 peresenti ndikotheka kugwiritsanso ntchito.
Kubwezeretsanso zinthu zamagetsi si vuto laukadaulo, koma sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni pochita. Mwachitsanzo, zinyalalazo zimatha kuphwanyidwa mosavuta mukamaikapo zinthu zooneka ngati mbale zopangidwa ndi chitho cholimba ndipo magawo omwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mwa EPS, mwachitsanzo, mpaka asanu ndi atatu peresenti yobwezeretsanso EPS akhoza kudyetsedwa kuti apangidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito granules lotayirira ngati pawiri yolumikizira. Kuphatikiza pazobwezeretsanso zinthu zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa, palinso njira yobwezeretsanso zinthu zonse zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati zosankha zonse zatha, gawo lomaliza ndilobwezeretsanso.

Nthano 6 - zopangira zokutira zimakhala ndi mafuta ndipo ndizowononga chilengedwe?

Yankho la funsoli lili mu pepala la mphamvu ndi chilengedwe. Kutengera ndi kuthekera ndi kuthekera kwa kuthekera, izi zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Funso loti kugwiritsa ntchito madamu ndilopindulitsa mwachilengedwe, koma lingatsimikiziridwe. Mwachitsanzo, a Karlsruhe Institute of Technology akufanizira magwiritsidwe ntchito azinthu zothandiza pakupanga zinthu zonse kuzungulira kwazinthu zamoyo komanso kusintha kwachilengedwe.
Mapeto ake: Nthawi yolimbikitsanso kubwezera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zamadzimadzi ili pansi pazaka ziwiri, matenthedwe amtunduwu ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuyambira pakuwona mphamvu yayikulu komanso mpweya wabwino. Guzani: kusati ku Dam ndikuvulaza chilengedwe.

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