Helmut Melzer
Njira zopulumutsira mphamvu ndi imodzi mwazofunikira panjira zachilengedwe. Nyumba zimapanga 32 peresenti ya mphamvu zomaliza komanso pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya zofunika zamagetsi kumayiko ambiri otukuka. Mphamvu zambiri zimafunikira pakatikati ndi kumpoto kwa Europe pakuwotentha kwa malo. Ku Austria, kuwotcha chipinda kumathandizira 28 peresenti kumaliza kufunikira kwa mphamvu ndi 14 peresenti ku mpweya wowonjezera kutentha wa ku Austria (GHG).
Zamtsogolo ndi kuthekera
Kafukufuku waposachedwa "Zochitika zamagetsi mpaka 2050 - Kutentha kwa makasitomala ochepa" a Vienna University of Technology tsopano akuwonetsa mtsogolo ndikuwonetsa kuti kumanga ndi kukonzanso kosatha kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zachilengedwe - ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pochita zina. Pogwira ntchitoyi, nyumba zonse komanso nyumba zam'tsogolo zidawerengedwa m'malo angapo. Kutsiliza: Njira zomwe zatengedwa pakadali pano zitha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera pa 86 terawatt maola TWh mchaka 2012 mpaka 53 TWh (2050), komanso njira zina zokufunirani zochepetsera mpaka 40 TWh mchaka cha 2050.
Mphamvu ndi CO2 kusungira kudzera pakukonzanso kwamafuta ndi mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso zimatsimikiziranso kafukufuku watsopano m'malo mwa Climate and Energy Fund. Ntchito zisanu zakonzanso njira zaku Austrian zidasanthulidwa asanaikonzenso. Zotsatira zakuwunika kwamphamvu: Kutsitsa kwa CO2 kwamapulojekiti kumakhala mozungulira matani a 105 pachaka. Nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosinthidwazo kumachepetsa mpweya wa Co2 kukhala zero peresenti. Mphamvu yeniyeni yotenthetsera ikhoza kuchepetsedwa mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu.
Factor sprawl
Pankhani ya zachilengedwe pomanga, komabe, chomwe chimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizinda kuyeneranso kukumbukiridwa. "Nyumba yopanga mphamvu pamunda wobiriwira" sichitsanzo chabwino chokhazikika. Kapangidwe kameneka ndizokhazikitsidwa ndi komwe nyumbayo ili, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka komanso mtundu wa nyumba, "atero Andrea Kraft wa Energy and Environmental Agency eNu:" Nyumba yowonongedwa nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati nyumba yabwino, popeza ndi ya eni eni apamwamba kwambiri. anakumana. Nthawi imodzimodzi, nyumba zamtunduwu zimalumikizidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri malo ndi zinthu, zomwe zimasonyezedwanso ndi mtengo wotukuka komanso kuchuluka kwamagalimoto ambiri. "
"Nyumba yawonongeka nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati nyumba yabwino, chifukwa imakumana ndi eni ake apamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi imodzimodzi, nyumba zamtunduwu zimalumikizidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri malo ndi zinthu, zomwe zimasonyezedwanso ndi mtengo wotukuka komanso kuchuluka kwamagalimoto ambiri. "
Andrea Kraft, Energy and Environmental Agency eNu
Eco-zizindikiro
Ku njira yosiyana kwambiri, zida zomangira zimakhudzanso chilengedwe komanso thanzi. Ma LCA ndi ma eco-index amapereka zambiri. "Ndalama zothandizira nyumba za ku Austrian ndi mapulogalamu owunikira kumanga amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuchuluka kwa Ökoindex 3 (chizindikiro cha OI3). Chifukwa chake, machitidwe omanga zachilengedwe apezeka akuwunika ntchito zomanga mdziko la Austrian. Izi zakhazikitsidwa kuyambira pachiwonetsero chofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika zomanga zaku Austria monga klimaaktiv ndi ÖGNB (TQB). Pakukonzekera ndi kukhazikitsa, kusintha kwachilengedwe kwakufunika, "akufotokoza Bernhard Lipp kuchokera ku Austrian Institute for Building Biology and Construction Ecology IBO.
Mphamvu zamafuta: kutchinjiriza kumadzilipirira
Makamaka, ndikofunikira kuzindikira "mphamvu imvi": kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kupanga, kunyamula, kusunga, kugulitsa ndi kutaya chinthu. Ponena za njira zokhazikika, nthawi zonse pamakhala funso loti adzadzipezera okha zachilengedwe molingana ndi mphamvu yaimvi, ndiye kuti, adasunga mphamvu zofunika kuti athe kupanga ndi kuzitaya.
"Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwa kutchinjiriza zonsezo malinga ndi zoyambirira
kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi ndalama za CO2 posamala kwambiri mawu oti "
Robert Lechner, Austrian Ecology Institute ÖÖI
Robert Lechner wa ku Austrian Institute of Ecology: "Mphamvu ndi kutalikirana kwachilengedwe kwa zinthu zamagetsi zanyumba zamagetsi ochepera mphamvu nthawi zambiri zimatenga miyezi ingapo kufikira zaka ziwiri. Ngakhale ndikulinganiza mozama, nyumba yabwino kwambiri imatha kusunga osachepera 30 kWh pamoto wa mita imodzi ndi chaka poyerekeza ndi nyumba yokhazikika. Kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi pochulukitsa zili munjira yabwino kwambiri ya mawu oti ndiwofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyambira ndi kupulumutsa CO2. Malinga ndi Astrid Scharnhorst wa ku IBO, "Kubwezeretsa nyumba kumachepetsa kutentha komwe kumafunikira kuti kuzizire kapena kuzirala Tikaganizira mphamvu. Mtengo wopanga wazinthu zambiri zokutchingira motero umalanditsidwa mwachilengedwe kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri. "
Kutchinjiriza: zobwezeretsanso & zoipitsa
Moyenera, kutchinjiriza kuyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, kapena kusinthanso. Izi ndizothekanso ndi polystyrene, ndipo makampani ena akugwira ntchito kale pazamaluso amisili, mwachitsanzo pogwiritsa ntchito makina opera, koma: Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira kwa moto wa HBCD, womwe umaletsedwa padziko lonse lapansi kuchokera ku 2017, kugwiritsanso ntchito tsopano sikungatheke.
Kafukufuku watsopano "Dismantling, Recycling and Utilization of ETICS" ndi Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics ndi Research Institute for Thermal Insulation FIW Munich akuti: Kugawidwa kwa ngozi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimitsa HBCD kumachepetsa kwambiri kubwezeretsanso. M'njira yopewetsa zinyalala, chifukwa chake, "zowirikiza" zimalimbikitsidwa: kutenthetsa kwamagetsi komwe kulipo sikungogwetsedwa, koma kumalimbikitsidwa ndi wosanjikiza wowonjezera. Pamapeto pa moyo wa mbale ya EPS pakadali pano ndiyotheka kuchiritsa mwamphamvu, mwachitsanzo, kupezanso mphamvu mwa kuyaka. Komabe, njira zopezera zinthu zobiriwira ndizoyenereradi yankho, koma ndizokwera mtengo ndipo mpaka pano sizogulitsa. Izi zikuyenera kusintha tsopano. Njira yotchedwa CreaSolv, mwachitsanzo, imapangidwanso ndi polymer polystyrene yoyera mwa kusungunuka kwazomwe, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuti zithekanitse HBCD ndikupeza bromine kuchokera pamenepo. Chomera choyamba chachikulu chikukonzedwa ku Holland. Kubwezeretsanso mphamvu: mozungulira matani a 3.000 pachaka.Austria HBCD wopanda
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti ambiri opanga ma EPS ku Austrian amaliza kale kusinthira pFR ina yoyaka moto kuchokera Januware 2015. Zogulitsa zapakompyuta za EPS za gulu loteteza bwino la Polystyrol-Hartschaum (Brands Austrotherm, Austyrol, Bachl, Modrice, Röhrnbach, Brucha, EPS Viwanda, Flatz, Hirsch, Steinbacher, Swisspor) alibe HBCD. Lipoti la mayeso laposachedwa la Federal Environmental Agency pama sampu khumi opatsirana likupezeka kwa akonzi. Komabe, mozungulira 15 peresenti ya ma EPS omwe amapezeka ku Austria amalowetsedwa kunja. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti palibe maphunziro a sayansi a nthawi yayitali onena za kukwaniritsidwa kwa pFR. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito pazosakaniza zingapo za njira zina zosakira.Petrosi pakuvomerezeka
Ngakhale lingaliro lomwe lingawononge mafuta popanga mabatani ogwiritsira ntchito zopangidwa ndi polystyrene, sizowona: Ngakhale makina opangira mafuta ngati ma EPS amapangidwira mafuta, koma amakhala ndi 98 peresenti ya mpweya ndi magawo awiri okha a polystyrene. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta potchingira ndiye kuti kumalipira, chifukwa chotenthetsera mafuta ambiri kapena chofanana nacho chimasungidwa.
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