Mphamvu za imvi - mbala yamphamvu yachinsinsi

Saladi ya zipatso za kiwi ndi nthochi, Kornspitz yokhala ndi nyama ndi tchizi, kuphatikiza ndi kapu ya lalanje. Chakudya cham'mawa chomwe chimangokhala ndi mphamvu ndi mavitamini, komanso kuyenda mtunda wautali. Kodi mumadziwa kuti zosakaniza za "chakudya cham'mawa chotere" chotere zimayendetsedwa kwathunthu mpaka makilomita a 30.000 kupita kumtunda wanu? Malo apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi 11.000 makilomita amadzimadzi kuchokera ku malalanje aku Brazil ndi nthochi Costa Rica. Kutsatiridwa ndi cocoa wochokera ku Africa (6.000 km), Spanish turkey (2.200 km).

Omwe amakonda zakudya zomwe sizingayende mtunda wautali, amatha kumachotsera chilengedwe. Chitsanzo cha kadzutsa ndi chosavuta: zipatso makamaka kuchokera ku Austria, malalanje ochokera ku Italy (pafupifupi ma 1.000 kilomita) ndi masoseji ndi tchizi amapezeka mdziko lino. Dipatimenti yoteteza zachilengedwe a Upper Austrian Provincial Government yawerengera kuti "chakudya cham'mawa chaching'ono" chotere chimakhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a khomo lanjira.

Magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito nyumba
Malinga ndi Statistics Austria, mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchito nyumba ya Austrian pakati pa 2003 ndi 2012 yatsika ndi 9 peresenti, kuchokera ku 5.000 mpaka maola pafupifupi 4.600 kilowatt. Kutsika kwakukulu kumakhala mu mpweya wa 45 peresenti ma pompo ndikuyendetsa pompopompo chifukwa chogwira ntchito mosalekeza, kutsatiridwa ndikuyimira peresenti ya 30 peresenti, zida zazikuluzikulu ndi opanda 23 peresenti, malo otenthetsera opanda 18 peresenti, madzi otentha akutsitsa 13 peresenti. Kumbali inayi, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kudakulitsa kwambiri kuyatsa ndi zida zama 16 peresenti, kuziziritsa ndi kuzizira ndi peresenti inayi, komanso kuphika ndi atatu peresenti

Gray mphamvu pachinthu chilichonse
Aluminium: 58 kWh / kg
Copper: 26 kWh / kg
Njerwa zomanga (700 kg / m3) 701 kWh / m3
Konkriti yolimbitsa: (2.400 kg / m3) 1.463 kWh / m3
Ubweya wocheperako: 387 kWh / m3
Cellulose: 65 kWh / m3
(Source: Amt der Oö. Landesregierung, Dipatimenti Yoteteza chilengedwe)

Kupulumutsa kwamphamvu kwaulesi
• Kusamba m'manja kumafunikira mphamvu yochulukirapo ya 50 peresenti chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri DHW poyerekeza ndi masamba osamba.
• Kuphika ndi chivindikiro kumasunga mpaka zana la 30. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutabweretsa malita a 1,5 a madzi popanda chivindikiro kwa chithupsa, zimatengera mphamvu katatu.
• Kwa firiji ndi kuzizira: osasiya lotseguka motalika, m'malo mwa zisindikizo, osayikapo chakudya chotentha, khalani kutali ndi khoma ndipo musayike pafupi ndi ma radiators.

Mphamvu yosaoneka

Zakudya zokhala ndi mayendedwe ataliatali ndichimodzi mwazitsanzo zambiri za imvi. Mawuwa amatanthauza mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, kunyamula, kusungira ndi kutaya zinthu zomwe sizinagulidwa mwachindunji ndi kasitomala kapena zopangidwa ndi chipangizocho pakugwira ntchito. Ndi mphamvu zopanda pake zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi magetsi kapena gasi m'nyumba.
Mphamvu zamafuta sizimawonekera pamagetsi ogula a aliyense, koma moyo ndiofunika. Zinthu zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo zamagetsi awo musanazigwiritse ntchito. Monga lamulo la zolaula, Federal Statistical Office ya Germany imawerengera: Peresenti iliyonse yogulira zinthu zogulira zinthu, zimapangitsa ola limodzi kilogalamu yotsika yamphamvu.

Dyera laimvi

Mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri imabisala m'nyumba. Kupanga nyumba kumakhala pafupifupi mphamvu zochuluka monga nyumbayo imadyera pambuyo pake ku 30 mpaka 50 zaka zapitazo. Chomwe chimakulirakulirakulira kwa mphamvu ya imvi ndikumanga madera obalalikiramo, chifukwa ntchito yomanga msewu ndi zomangamanga zimaposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphamvu zobisika.
Komanso mphamvu yanjala ndi kupanga galimoto. Imagwiritsa ntchito maola pafupifupi ma 30.000 ma kilowatt maola owononga mphamvu ya banja pabanja kwa zaka khumi.
Koma ngakhale m'nyumba zida zogulira zomwe zinali zadyera mphamvu kwambiri panthawi yopanga komanso zoyendera. Firiji ndi makina ochapira amafunika mphamvu zochuluka zofanana ndi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito popanga zaka zisanu ndi zitatu.

Chokulirapo ndi kusiyana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zenizeni ndi mphamvu ya imvi pazida zamakono zamagetsi. Kupanga kwawo kumapereka mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yogwiritsa ntchito. Kompyuta imagwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi awiri a mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga (pafupifupi 1.000 kWh), foni yam'manja pafupifupi khumi. Mwanjira ina, kupanga foni yam'manja kumatha kudya pafupifupi nthawi khumi kuposa momwe chipangizochi chimawonongera pamoyo wawo wonse.

Mphamvu yofunikira pazosindikiza ndizochepa. Nyuzipepala imatha maola pafupifupi ma kilowatt ndipo ikufanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zofananira ndi maola asanu popumira, koma imawerengedwa pafupifupi theka la ola patsiku.

Kusakanizika kwa "firiji yabwino"

Chitsanzo chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa kuti gulu la mphamvu yamagetsi limachita gawo laling'ono pamene munthu afananitsa mtengo wapamwamba wa chipangizo chatsopano ndi mphamvu zomwe zimasungidwa ndi izi:
Firiji yopanda mafiriji yozungulira (yozungulira ma 300 malita net) imadya 1.700 kWh (ma kilowatt) mkalasi A +++ m'zaka khumi. Chida chofananira A ++ chimadya 2.000 kWh. Poyerekeza, chipangizo choposa zaka khumi (mphamvu zamagetsi zam'mbuyomu sizofanana ndi masiku ano) zimadya za 2.700 kWh. Ndalama zamagetsi ndizoposa 500 Euro pambuyo pogwira ntchito zaka khumi. Chida cha gulu la A +++ chimadya 300 Euro yabwino pamagetsi. Izi zimabweretsa kupulumutsidwa kwa 200 Euro pakatha zaka khumi. Poona mtengo wowonjezerapo (nthawi zambiri wopitilira kawiri) wa chipangizo cha A ++ poyerekeza A ++, kuwerengera sikumachitika, koma kuli ngati nthano chabe.

Gray Energy: Njira Zopewera?

Mphamvu zamagulu achaka zili pafupi ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe timadya, ndiye kuti ndizosapeweka. Makampaniwa amayesa kupangitsa ogula ndi mawu ofunikira "mphamvu zamagetsi" pogula chikumbumtima chowonekera. Koma kuti mulingalire mphamvu ya chipangizocho muyenera kuponya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga komanso kunyamula mphamvu za imvi, komanso mphamvu yamagetsi pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi moyo mumphika. Ndipo pakupatsidwa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa imvi mphamvu pazida zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera ku socket nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta.

Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pogula zida zamagetsi zatsopano. Nthawi zambiri - makamaka ngati nthawi zambiri simumazifuna - zingakhale bwino kugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zakale zapanyumba kuti mupulumutse pazitsulo zamafuta. Swiss Agency for Energy ufanisi, (SAFE) imapereka chilimbikitso pa chisankho: Kuikanso kachipangizo kazaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndizothandiza kokha ngati kukonzanso kumawononga zoposa 35 peresenti ya mtengo wogula chida chatsopano. Pazaka khumi ndi 30 peresenti ndipo kuyambira zaka khumi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magawo khumi monga chopunthira ululu. Ngakhale pamawonedwe azachuma, kugula zida zanyumba zatsopano, kokha chifukwa cha kalasi yayikulu yamphamvu, sikubweretsa phindu (onani bokosi lazidziwitso "Nkhani yabwino ya firiji yabwino")

Kutsiliza: Chifukwa chake chinsinsi chopewa mphamvu za imvi ndicho kumwa. Kwa iwo omwe amasunga nthawi yayitali, bizinesiyo siyenera kupanga zopangidwa zatsopano, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphamvu. Pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopulumutsa mphamvu ndi pomwe ndizopanda mphamvu zambiri, muyenera kusintha momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Izi zimaphatikizapo, mwa zinthu zina, kupewa zinthu zotayidwa komanso zotayika.

Chomera chamagetsi

Nyumba wamba imakhala maola angapo a 170 kilowatt pachaka pa zida zokha zomwe zimakhala zogonera. Ngati mukuwachotsera pa gridiyo - mwachitsanzo, kudzera mumizere yamagetsi yosinthika - mutha kupulumutsa chaka chilichonse osachepera 34 Euro. Nyumba zonse ku Austria zimawononga pafupifupi ma 123 mamiliyoni amauro kumaimilira, mwachitsanzo, maola a 615 gigawatt. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, izi zikufanana ndi kupanga magetsi wamagetsi pachaka cha Kaunertal, malo osungira magetsi omwe ali ndi m'badwo wapamwamba kwambiri pachaka ku Austria.

Zitsanzo za mtengo pamachitidwe oyimirira:
• Makina a khofi wokwanira okha: ma watts atatu (amapanga 26 kWh pachaka kapena ma euro asanu pachaka)
• LCD TV: watt imodzi (8,7 kWh kapena 1,7 Euro pachaka)
• Modem + Router: watts zisanu (44 kWh kapena 8,7 Euro pachaka)
Zitsanzo zake ndizoyenerana, zakumwa zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera wopanga ndi mtundu wake.

Photo / Video: Shutterstock.