Mphamvu zopatsidwanso mphamvu: komwe imakankhira patsogolo

Tisadzinyenge: zofuna za aku Austrian - 79 peresenti ingafune kutembenuka msanga kwamphamvu (GFK, 2014) - sikokwanira, chomwe chikufunika ndi zisankho zandale. A Johannes Wahlmüller ochokera ku bungwe lowona zachilengedwe Global 32, zifukwa zazikulu zomwe gawo lamphamvu zopangidwanso ku Alpine Republic tsopano latsala pafupifupi 2000 peresenti: "Kukopa kwatsopano kunabwera ku Austria chifukwa cha kusintha kwatsopano kwamalamulo amagetsi obiriwira 2012 komanso mitengo yomwe ikukwera kale mphamvu zakale. Dziko la Austria tsopano limagwiritsa ntchito EUR 12,8 biliyoni pachaka pochotsa mafuta, malasha ndi gasi. Iyi ndi ndalama zambiri zomwe zimapita kumayiko ena koma sizikugwira ntchito ku Austria. ”Chifukwa chake, kupatula kuteteza zachilengedwe, palinso changu chachuma chosiya mafuta.

Kusakanikirana kwa mphamvu ku Austria

Kwa bungwe la maambulera Renewable Energy Austria, cholinga ndichowonekera bwino, akutero a Jurrien Westerhof: "Tikufuna 100 peresenti ikhoza kukhalanso, mphamvu zoyera. Palibe amene amakayikira kuti izi ndizotheka - ndi nkhalango, mitsinje ndi dzuwa kumakhala ndi mphamvu zobiriwira zokwanira - ngati nthawi yomweyo tikwanitsa kuchepetsa kuwononga mphamvu m'magalimoto komanso nyumba zosakhazikika bwino. Mtengo wobwezeretsanso mphamvu watsika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kutentha kongowonjezereka kumakhala kopikisana, ndipo magetsi omwe angayesedwenso amatha kusinthana ndi msika - ngati msikawo unali wabwino. "

Mitengo & ndalama zobisika

Koma nchiyani chomwe chikuyambira ulendo wamtsogolo wa Austria? "Ngati mitengo ya mphamvu zakuthaka igwiranso - monga zilili pano - ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chingasinthe kuti musinthe mphamvu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwanzeru. Vuto lalikulu ndilakuti mitengo yobisika ya CO2 siikupezeka. Boma lingasinthe izi ndi kusintha kwamisonkho yadziko lapansi komwe kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azinyamula mafuta kwambiri komanso kuti kubwezeretsanso misonkho. Poyambira pano ndikukhazikitsa kulipira msonkho kwa anthu opanga magetsi ku Austria, "Wahlmüller wa Global 2000 akuwonetsa udindo wandale. Westerhof amawonanso motere: "Vuto ndilakuti ufulu wa CO2 wamavuto opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ndiwotsala mwaulere, komanso kuti zida zamphamvu za nyukiliya zimalipira zochepa kwambiri kuti zitha kuyikidwa pachiwopsezo komanso kutaya zinyalala. Izi zimawapatsa mwayi wampikisano pamsika. Ngati sizinali choncho, ndiye kuti magetsi oyera amatha palokha. ”

Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zowonjezera mphamvu

Kudalira kwakukulu

Mphamvu sizofanana ndi mphamvu, zikuwoneka. Chowonadi ndi ichi, komabe, kuti chitetezo padziko lonse lapansi cha Europe ziyenera kutsimikizika. Kupatula ku Norway (-470,2 peresenti), maiko onse a EU amadalira kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa magetsi omwe amagulitsa kunja kuti akwaniritse zosowa zawo zamagetsi. Kudalira kwamphamvu kumawerengedwa ngati phindu lokhala ndi phindu logawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zowononga zapanyumba kuphatikizapo yosungirako. Kwa Austria, ofesi yowerengera ya European Union Eustat imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa 2013 pazaka 62,3.
Pazifukwa zandale, motero, ndalama ziyenera kupangidwa pakupanga mphamvu zaku Europe. Komabe, mabwalo otchuka ku EU akuwoneka kuti akuwathandizira kwambiri. "Ku Europe, mafuta amalafi, gasi ndi zida za nyukiliya akuperekanso thandizo kuwirikiza kawiri mpaka katatu momwe mphamvu zonse zongowonjezereka palimodzi kuti zikufalikire, ndipo ndalama ndi thanzi ndi zachilengedwe sizinadziwikebe. Ku United Kingdom, European Commission posachedwa yagwedeza zida zamphamvu za nyukiliya ku Hinkley Point C. Kugawidwa mzaka zopitilira 35, ma 170 amauro mabiliyoni ambiri adzagawidwa m'mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, "akutero Stefan Moidl, wa gulu la chidwi IG Windkraft.

Koma ku Austria, nawonso, zinthu sizili bwino, amakhulupirira Bernhard Stürmer wochokera ku ARGE Kompost & Biogas: "Chaka chilichonse, Bambo ndi Akazi aku Austrian amagwiritsa ntchito mayuro opitilira 50 biliyoni kugula zinthu zamagetsi kunja. Mphamvu yothandizira magetsi kuchokera ku biogas ili pafupifupi 70 miliyoni - kuchokera ndi ku Austria. Cholepheretsa chachikulu pakukula kwa zongowonjezwdwa ndi umbuli. Mitundu yamafuta yakale imalimbikitsidwanso ku Austria. Koma sizili pamilandu iliyonse ndipo sizikambidwa pagulu. Ndi misonkho pafupifupi 50 miliyoni yoperekedwa popanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito malasha, makina XNUMX a biogas amatha kumangidwa. "

Mafuta obwezera

Popanda zinthu zakale, sizotheka (komabe). Zowona kuti malo olimba opeza ndalama amakhala akulozera - mpaka dontho lomaliza la mafuta osakhazikika. "Kuyesa konse kukuchitika kuti kuchepetse kusinthaku kwa mphamvu, kuyankhula moipa komanso kulepheretsa kusintha kwamapangidwe kuti athe kupanga magetsi oyipa ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya kwa nthawi yayitali. Makampani akuluakulu opanga mphamvu, omwe poyamba sanachepetse mwayi wamsika wamagetsi opangidwanso, agwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri mokwaniritsa PR kuti awononge chithunzi cha mpikisano wosafunikira. Koposa zonse, kutsutsana pazokhudza "kukwera mtengo kwa mphamvu zowonjezereka" zomwe zakhala zikuwonetsa kufalitsa nkhani ndizotsatira zamakampeni awa. Kukhazikitsa kwa hita zamafuta kumalengezedwa tsiku lililonse. Koma mafakitale ena, monga makampani opanga mapepala, omwe m'mbuyomu anali ndi mwayi wogulira nkhuni zamtengo wotsika, amalimbikitsa kulimbana ndi mpikisano wosagwiritsidwa ntchito, "atero a Christian Rakos a ProPellets, akuwonekeranso mosagwirizana ndi chuma cha PR komanso kuwona mtima.

China chake chomwe chimabweretsanso vuto kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi, monga Wilfried-Johann Klauss wa AAE Naturstrom akutsimikizira: "Monga kale, pali kukayikira kwakukulu kuti asinthe ku Austria. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kuti msika wamagetsi wama eco ukugwiranso ntchito kwambiri ndi chinyengo chamakasitomala, monga zinthu zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, makasitomala nthawi zambiri amangoganiza zokhala ndi othandizira akuzigawo kuti asaike pachiwopsezo. Ndi zachisoni, chifukwa otipatsa zowonadi ngati ife tikuvutika. "

Kugwiritsa ntchito mosazindikira

Komabe, palinso zopanda pake zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mopanda mphamvu kumatanthauzanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi mokwanira malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Rakos waku Propellets amapereka chitsanzo: "Kutentha ndi magetsi ndiyo njira yosakwanira kwambiri yoperekera kutentha. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi yozizira, kupanga magetsi kumayang'aniridwa ndi mbewu za nyukiliya komanso malasha. 800 mamiliyoni a amathala amoto amatenthedwa chaka chilichonse kuti apange magetsi ku Europe, kuchuluka kosayerekezeka. Chombo chamafuta opangira malasha chimatembenuza pafupifupi 2,5 yamaola-kilowatt-maola mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala ola limodzi la mphamvu yamagetsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu iyi pootentha kumatanthauza kuti mumangodya mphamvu zambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi. Ngakhale ma pampu otentha ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa makina otenthetsera mwachindunji, amapanga magetsi okwana kilowatt kuti apange magetsi a 2,5 kilowatt. Pomaliza, izi sizothandiza kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito gwero lamphamvu zamagetsi. Mabampu otentha pano akukakamizidwa ndi makampani amagetsi, chifukwa akuyembekeza msika watsopano watsopano pano. Kuchokera pakuwona koteteza nyengo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezereka, ndiyovuta kwambiri. "

Makonzedwe azovuta

Kufuna kusintha ndikofunikira, kukana kukonzedweratu, koma kusintha kwenikweni sikungachitike kuyambira tsiku lina kupita kwotsatira. "Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa sikokwanira kukwaniritsa kusintha kwamphamvu," Stefan Moidl wochokera ku IG Windkraft amayankha vuto la zomangamanga zomwe zidakhalapo: "Zingwe zamagetsi ndi msika wamagetsi zidapangidwa kuti zikhale miyala yamkati ndi zida zamagetsi. Onsewa ayenera kumangidwanso kuti azitha kumanganso magetsi. Muzochitika zomwe zofunikira zazikulu zimalemba mabiliyoni otayika, sichinthu chophweka. Umu ndi momwe mphamvu zongowonjezereka zimayankhulidwira zoyipa. Zikuonekeratu. Ogwira ntchito zamafuta ndi nyukiliya opanga magetsi amapanga magetsi ngati akufunika kapena ayi. Zomera zamagetsi izi sizingakhale zosavuta kugwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake malo aliwonse amalafuta ndi nyukiliya omwe amatulutsa magetsi ndi cholepheretsa kusintha kwa mphamvu. Chifukwa chakuti pamene dzuwa likuwala ndipo mphepo iwomba, sitikudziwa komwe tingapite ndi mphamvu zamphamvu zambiri zamoto ndi za nyukiliya. Osati kungoyipitsa komanso koopsa, ndi kale zochulukirapo nthawi zina. "

Gudrun Stöger wa ku Oekostrom AG akutsimikiziranso izi: "Tilibe vuto kuti mitundu iyi yamphamvu - zomwe zikubwezeretsedwenso - sizilandiridwa kapena sizilandiridwa, koma kuti tikudalira mafuta omwe amafalikira mdziko lino. Chifukwa funso lofunikira ndi deti likufunsidwa pamafunso. Ndipo nyumba zomwe zilipo sizingamangidwenso munthawi yochepa - zomwe zimatenga zaka zingapo, mwinanso makumi makumi angapo. Komabe, kutembenuka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kupita kumakonzanso kumatha kupita mwachangu ku Austria - iwo omwe ali ndiudindo akuyenera kutenga Germany ngati chitsanzo. "
Kutsatira: Kutembenuka uku kungatheke ngati tidula mphamvu yathu yomaliza pomaliza ndi 2050 - osati m'dera lamagetsi, koma makamaka pamagetsi komanso pamatenthedwe. Kupanda kutero, zotsatirazi zimakhudzanso mphamvu zongowonjezereka: "Kungoyambira kumwamba ndiye malire."

Malingaliro - Mkhalidwe wabwino ndi gwero lamphamvu

"Kukula kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kwayamba kuchuluka ku Austria m'zaka zaposachedwa. Choyambitsa ndicho Green Electricity Act, yomwe idapereka mikhalidwe yokhazikika kuyambira 2012, yopereka ndalama kwa otetezeka omwe amafunikira. Makamaka mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya Photovoltaic imachulukirachulukira, ndipo kutentha kochokera kumapangidwenso, ma pellets ndi dzuwa kumakhala kosatha chifukwa mitengo yotenthetsera ndiyotsika. "
Jurrien Westerhof, Wowonjezera Mphamvu ku Austria

"Mphamvu zowonjezereka zayamba kale 32,2 peresenti ya kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse ku Austria. Izi zikuwoneka kale pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha EU chomwe akufuna kuti Austria ichulukitse mtengo wake mu 34 peresenti mpaka 2020. Chowonjezera chatsopano chidadza ku Austria kudzera mu Green Electricity Law Amendment 2012 yatsopano komanso mitengo yomwe ikupitilira magetsi. ”
Johannes Wahlmüller, Global 2000

"Ngakhale bizinesi yathu yakhala ikupezeka kwa zaka pafupifupi 130, zidangokhala zaulere pamsika wamagetsi mchaka cha 2000 zomwe tidatha kuchita pamsika wonse wa Austrian. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, tinali ochepa pantchito yosamalira makasitomala athu ku Kötschach (Carinthia ku Gail Valley), komwe tinakwanitsa kupereka za 650 pantograph. Kuyambira pano mpaka pano, tidatha kupereka mphamvu zathu zachilengedwe ku Austria, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale pano tikupereka pafupifupi. Osonkhanitsa a 25.000 ndi AAE Naturstrom. "
Wilfried-Johann Klauss, AAE Naturstrom

Biogas

"Biogas ndiukadaulo wokhawo womwe ungatulutse mphamvu ndi feteleza kuchokera kuzinthu zotsalira za chakudya ndikupanga chakudya. Kubwezeretsanso zinyalala ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa malo olimapo kungathandizenso kwambiri pakukula kwachilengedwe. Pakadali pano, mbewu za ku Australia za biogas zimatulutsa ma 540 GWh wamagetsi (pafupifupi mabanja a 150.000) ndikudyetsa kutentha kwa 300 GWh (ma 30 malita miliyoni a mafuta akuwotcherera) pamaneti otentha Kuphatikiza apo, 88 GWh biomethane idzadyetsedwa mu gridi yamagesi achilengedwe. Pakadali pano, kuthekera kwakukulu sikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Biomethane imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati mafuta. Tsoka ilo, magalimoto amafuta omwe ali mumsewu komanso kufunitsitsa kulipira ndalama zambiri za biomethane zidasowa. "
Bernhard Stürmer, ARGE Kompost & Biogas Austria

Wood & malasha

"Ku Austria lero tikutha kupereka pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zonse zofunika zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezereka. Kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuni ngati gwero lamphamvu, kaya nkhuni, nkhuni kapena mapuleti, kumathandiza pano ndi 60 peresenti yazowonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi, zotsatiridwa ndi hydropower ndi gawo la 35 peresenti. Ku Europe, nawonso, zolinga zapamwamba za European Commission zapangitsa kuti ntchito yayikulu ikukula pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosinthika. Kupambana, komabe, kumayang'aniridwa makamaka pakupanga magetsi ndi mphamvu zosinthika. Pakupanga kutentha, osachepera theka la zomwe mphamvu zaku Europe zikufuna, mafuta okumba pansi amagwiritsidwabe ntchito pafupifupi. "
Christian Rakos, ProPellets

photovoltaics

"Photovoltaics ku Austria yakumana ndi mwayi waukulu kuyambira 2008. Pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, kuchuluka kwa malo kunachulukitsidwa. Chaka chojambulidwa chinali cha 2013 mwakanthawi, komabe, chifukwa cha ndalama zapadera zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama za pent-up. Pazaka 2015, tikuyembekeza chiwonetsero choyamba cha gigawatt choyikidwa. Chofunikira kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo photovoltaics ku Austria chinali chiwonetsero chazovuta kwa msonkho wa eni ake pa 25.000 kilowatt maola pachaka. Photovoltaics yachepa ndi pafupifupi 80 peresenti kuyambira chakumapeto kwa milenia ndipo ifika pamsika wathunthu pakudzigwiritsa ntchito magetsi omwe amapangidwa kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka khumi zikubwerazi. "
Hans Kronberger, Austria Photovoltaic

mphepo

"Pakadali pano, ma turbine opitilira 1.000 ku Austria amatulutsa 2.100 MW kwathunthu ndikupanga magetsi ochuluka monga nyumba za 1,3 mamiliyoni ambiri. Ku Europe konse, ma turpine onse amagetsi amathandizira kale kugwiritsira ntchito zoposa khumi pobisa magetsi, ndipo padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi magawo asanu okha. M'zaka zomaliza za 15, mphamvu zambiri zam'mphepo zidapangidwa ku Europe kuposa mbewu zina zonse zamphamvu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kupanga magetsi ndiye kuti kwakhala gawo lina lofunikira kwambiri pantchito yamagetsi. Izi zimabweretsa chisangalalo chaukadaulo wapamwamba. Mochedwa kwambiri, wazindikira zizindikiritso za nthawi ndipo tsopano akukhala pazomera zakale komanso zatsopano zamagetsi ndi mafuta zomwe sizipindulanso. "
Stefan Moidl, IG Windkraft

Zosankha - Malangizo ena

"Kodi chikutiletsa chiyani? Kodi ndiyambira kuti? Kuphatikiza pakukonzekera kwa malo komanso zoyendetsa anthu payekha, kuti ife tiribe dongosolo la msonkho wachilengedwe, kuti mphamvu za malo okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya ku EU zikadali zochuluka kwambiri, mtengo wa ziphaso za CO2 udakali wotsika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, padalibe magetsi wamba wamba ku EU. Ndalama zochepa komanso zosungidwa zothandizira kubwezeretsanso monga PV ndi mphamvu ya mphepo ku Austria kapena mfundo yoti PV idaletsedwa m'mizinda ya Austrian - nyumba zazikulu za mabanja ambiri - chitani zina zonse. Tsoka ilo, mndandandandawo ukhoza kupitilizidwa monga ukufunira. "
Gudrun Stöger, Oekostrom AG

"Njira zofunika kwambiri zotsogola kupititsa patsogolo zikhale njira zoyendetsera zigawo ku maboma ndi mwayi wopanga zipani zambiri. Kukhathamiritsa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama mu Green Electricity Act ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zomwe zikuchitika zikuthandizira mabizinesi opanga ndalama komanso za ndalama pa 5 kWp. Federal Association of Photovoltaic Austria ikufuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kuchokera pa 8 peresenti ya gawo lamagetsi kupita ku 2020 ku Austria. Vuto lalikulu lotsatira ndikuphatikiza kupanga PV yamagetsi ndi zida zoyenera zosungira. "
Hans Kronberger, Austria Photovoltaic

"Mphamvu Zongowonjezwdwa Austria ikufuna kuti Boma la Federal Austrian lithe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zamagetsi - ndi cholinga chapakati kusinthiratu magetsi kuti azitha kugwiranso ntchito mpaka ku 2050."
Jurrien Westerhof, Wowonjezera Mphamvu ku Austria

"Yakwana nthawi yotsatira kuti zinthu zisinthe: magetsi ndi malasha a zida za nyukiliya sanataye kanthu mu njira yamakono yopangira magetsi. Dongosolo lozimitsa magetsi oyendetsera magetsi limatha. "
Stefan Moidl, IG Windkraft

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