Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu: Ntchito yodalirika siyachuma?

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikofunikira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pafupifupi 40 peresenti yamphamvu yonse yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu imapita kugawo lamangidwe, zomwe zimayimiranso CO2 yayikulu ndi mphamvu yosunga mphamvu. Potengera nyumba za ku Austrian, kutentha kwa danga kumayimira gawo lalikulu la kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 73,3 Petajoule (Energy Status Austria) aliyense amene akuganiza kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamphamvu m'nyumba kugwa chifukwa cha mavuto komanso kuzindikira kwachilengedwe ndikulakwitsa: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yomaliza nyengo Okhazikika: Dziwani: Kuti muwongolere kusinthika kokhudzana ndi nyengo pakufunika komaliza kwa magetsi, kusintha kwachilengedwe pakumwedwa kwamagetsi ndikofunikira.) Rose mpaka chaka cha 272,5, 2008 idagwa kwambiri chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma ndipo kenako idasunthika. Kuyambira 2009, yawuka kachiwiri ndipo inali pafupi ndi 2012 peresenti kuposa 2013 kuposa 26.

Nyumba zofunika kukonza

Makamaka, malo omwe alipo omwe ali ndi zomangamanga ali ndi zambiri zomwe amapanga pochita ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndi chuma. Nyumba za 2,2 miliyoni kapena kuzungulira 60 peresenti ya nyumba zonse zomwe zikufunika zikufunika kukonzanso nyonga ("Mwachangu Pothekera mu Ndondomeko ya Nyumba ya Austrian", IIBW 2012). Kuchulukanso kwa zinthu ku Austria kwakhala pafupifupi peresenti imodzi kwazaka zambiri, kutanthauza kuti zimatenga zaka 100 mpaka pomwe nyumba yomangidwanso imakonzedweratu. Kuphatikiza apo, kukonzanso kwamafuta kumapangitsa gawo lokhalo lokonzanso kwathunthu. Mphamvu imaponyedwa kunja kwenera.

Kuwonongeka kwachuma

Zowona kuti kumanga ndikukonzanso mosasunthika sikungokhala kwachuma kwanyumba iliyonse, komanso chifukwa cha zachuma, ndizomwe zachitika posachedwa poyang'ana kukonzanso kwa Federal: 2013 ikhoza kuthandizidwa ndi ma 132,2 mamiliyoni a euro pakupereka ndalama zokhazikika za ma Euro a 847 miliyoni. Zonse, ntchito za 12.715 zidatetezedwa kapena kupangidwa ndipo 3,6 idasunga mamiliyoni a matani a CO2.
Izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kafukufuku "COIN - Mtengo Wopanda Ntchito: Kuwerengera Mtengo wa Kusintha kwa Nyengo ku Austria", malinga ndi momwe chuma cha Austria chikuyenera kupirira mpaka kuwonongeka kwa 2050 biliyoni chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha kusintha kwanyengo chaka chilichonse mpaka 8,8 ndi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zazikulu

Ndi mitundu iti ya zomangamanga ndipo ndi iti yomwe imapanga ndalama zambiri? - Funsoli lafufuzidwa, pakati pa zonse, kafukufuku waposachedwa "Zomangidwe zatsopano za kuthekera koyerekeza zachilengedwe ndi zachuma poyerekeza nthawi yazamoyo". Mapeto ake: "Popeza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga kumapangitsa gawo lalikulu pakusintha kwachilengedwe kwa nyumba, cholinga chachikulu chiyenera kukhala pakupanga ndi kupanga nyumba. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndizofunikanso masiku ano m'malo ang'onoang'ono monga nyumba za banja limodzi. "Ndipo:" Poyambirira pazndandanda zamayendedwe, payenera kukhala chiwonjezeko pakuchita bwino kwa nyumbayi. "

Kuthamanga kumawononga ndalama zambiri

Ngakhale zotsatira za phunzirolo sizikulankhula momveka bwino pamtundu umodzi kapena zingapo za nyumbayo, mfundo yotsimikizika ikhoza kuchitika, malinga ndi olemba phunziroli: "Dalitso lokhalo ndi lingaliro lopulumutsa padziko lapansi kulibe. Kungoganizira za momwe ndalama zoyambirira zimamangidwira nyumbayo, mwachitsanzo, kupatula ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga), sizipanga chithunzi cholondola cha mtengo wowona wa nyumbayo. Ngakhale ndalama zowerengera ndalama ndizokhazikika pamalingaliro osiyanasiyana, zikuwonetseratu pulojekitiyi kuti, nawonso, mtengo wathunthu wokhala nawo pazomwe tikufunikira (zaka za 50) zimayendetsedwa kwambiri ndi ndalama zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumbayi. "

Malingaliro amphamvu zamagetsi

Komabe, phunziroli lili ndi zovuta ziwiri: mitengo yamphamvu yokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera, kotero kukwera mtengo kwamtsogolo sikumakumbukiridwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zapamwamba kwambiri zidawerengedwa, zomwe - zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi maphunziro ena - zitha kuchitika.
Popeza mitengo yamphamvu yamitundu iliyonse ikuyembekezeredwa m'zaka makumi zikubwerazi, malingaliro omanga omwe ali ndi cholinga chogwira ntchito mwamphamvu - mwachitsanzo, nyumba zowonjezera komanso ziro ndi nyumba zamagetsi - zikuwonekeradi mwayi pano. Chofunika ndichakuti malingaliro awa amakhalanso otsika mtengo pamalingo azokwera mtengo ngati satuluka ngati wopambana poyerekeza. Ndalama zina zowonjezerazo zimayikidwa, momwe sizikudziwikiratu chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwamphamvu.
"Chowonadi ndi chakuti: popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu palibe nyumba yokhazikika. Sizikukhudzanso ngati kusintha kwa nyengo kukuchitika, koma kungoti mphamvu zake sizabwino kapena sizabwino. Ngati mukufuna kupulumutsa CO2, mumamanga ndikuwongolera nyumba zanu mokwanira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri popereka zotsalira zamagetsi. Aliyense amene anganene zotsutsana ndi omwe sakusonyeza chidwi chambiri m'tsogolo komanso omwe, ataganizira zachuma, akhoza kukhala ndi chidwi ndi mphatso yabwino, "akutero a Robert Lechner, a Austrian Ecology Institute ÖÖI.

mitengo mphamvu

Chofunikira kwambiri pakuganizira phindu la zomangamanga ndi kukonzanso kwadongosolo ndi mitengo yamphamvu - makamaka ya mafuta osakhazikika. Kupatula kuti mafutawa ndi ochepa ndipo akutha nthawi yosadziwika koma yowonekeratu, zaka zomalizira zawonetsa kusatsimikizika kwakukwera kwamitengo. Chimodzi modzi ndichotsimikizika: mitengo ya zinthu zakale idzapitiliza kukwera nthawi yayitali.
Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy in the Energy Status Report 2015: "Pakapita nthawi yayitali, mtengo wamafuta wosakwiya (womwe wasinthidwa kuti ukwaniritse) 2003 / 04 wabwereranso pamlingo koyambirira kwa zaka za 1990er ndiye wawonjezeka kwambiri kotero kuti iye mchaka cha 2008 1980, mawonekedwe apamwamba a 2. Mavuto amafuta, opitirira. 2008 yakhala ikutsika m'miyezi yaposachedwa ndipo 2009 yawona njira yake yokwanira yogulira mafuta. 60 dollar / mbiya, yomwe ili pafupi mulingo wazaka 1982. Mu zaka 2010 ndi 2011 mtengo udakwezekanso mwamphamvu ndikufikira posachedwa ndi approx. 102 dollar / mbiya mbiri. Mu 2012, mtengo wake udali m'munsi mwa 100 madola / mbiya, pafupifupi katatu mtengo wa 1990. Mu 2013, idatsikanso pang'ono ndipo inali posachedwa pafupi ndi 95 dollar / barrel. Mwachilengedwe, kukwera kwamitengo m'misika yapadziko lonse kwalimbikitsa kwambiri kukwera kwamitengo yamphamvu ku Austria. "
Kumayambiriro kwa 2015, mtengo wamafuta wagwera pansi pa madola a 50 ndipo posachedwa mozungulira dola ya 60.

Kuchera wamba mpaka kukwera kwambiri

Chimodzi modzi chotsimikizika: Monga chinthu chilichonse, nyumba imakhala yotsika mtengo kutengera mtundu wake. Gawo lotsika kwambiri la nyumba yokhazikika motero nyumba zomanga zokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, zapamwamba kwambiri ndi nyumba yophatikiza mphamvu, yomwe paliponse ikupereka mphamvu zambiri. Pakati pake pali malingaliro omanga Passive House ndi Sonnenhaus komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Ndalama zatsika

Kafukufuku wa University of Natural Resources ndi Life Science Vienna "Kukhazikika kwazoyang'anira nyumba zosankhidwa zokhala ku Vienna" akuyerekeza mtengo wopanga poyerekeza nyumba yomanga nyumba zotsika. Zotsatira zake: mitengo yakumanga yokhazikika ikugwa chifukwa cha luso la zopangapanga, makamaka mumangidwe omanga nyumba zambiri. Olembawo: "Ndalama zowonjezera zomwe nyumba zoyambirira za Viennese zimangokhala zinali pafupifupi 4-12 peresenti, pomwe mtsogolomo machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito zomangamanga amtengo wapatali amatha kulingalira kuchuluka kwa 4-6 peresenti."
Pogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kamangidwe ka nyumba yotsekedwa pang'ono, kafukufuku waposachedwa wa ku Germany "Price Development of Building Energy Mwachangu" awonetsa momwe mitengo yeniyeni ya 1990 idakhalira potengera kuwonjezeka kwa malamulo ovomerezeka pakukonzekera mphamvu - zosinthidwa pamtengo kudzera pa index yolimira. Zotsatira zake: Zinthu zambiri monga ma konkriti am'mbuyomu, mawindo, padenga kapena mapampu otenthetsera masiku ano zimawononga ndalama zochepa kapena mumapeza bwino pamtengo womwewo. Olembawo: "Poganizira zotsatira za kafukufuku woyambayu, malingaliro a" kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ngati mdani wachilengedwe wa zomangamanga zamagwiritsidwe ntchito "samawoneka kuti ndi odalirika." Kafukufukuyu akutsiriza kuti masiku ano zatsopano zomangamanga ndi miyezo yonse yamtsogolo kukonzekera bwino masiku ano kumatha kukhala ndi ndalama zotsika kwambiri pamwezi kuposa zomwe zakhala zikuchitika zaka makumi angapo zapitazi.

Kuwerengera phindu

Energy Institute Vorarlberg ndi e7 Energy Market Analysis awerengera mtengo wamtsogolo. Mu phunziroli "Kusanthula kwa zokwanira mtengo wokwanira kumanga nyumba zatsopano ku Vorarlberg" (2013) mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyumba ndi kuphatikiza - nyumba za mabanja amodzi komanso mabanja ambiri, zomanga zolimba ndi matabwa, komanso gasi, pellet ndi kutentha kwa pampu kutenthetsa - pokhudzana ndi mphamvu komanso mphamvu pazaka za 30 kuwerengetsa ndi kuyerekeza. Ndalama zoyambira kupangira zofunikira zamagetsi ndi zinthu zina, ndalama zakukonzekera, kukonza ndi kukonza komanso ndalama zamagetsi kuphatikiza kukwera kwa mitengo zinaphatikizidwa.

Mtengo wokwanira wa Vorarlberg wokwera motere udagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a ntchito yomanga. Zotsatira: Ngakhale kuti ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu zamagetsi zabwino kwambiri ndi mphamvu yoyendera dzuwa poyerekeza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mphamvu yotsika komanso yopanda mphamvu ya dzuwa ndizapamwamba, koma mtengo weniweni umawonekera poganizira zaka zambiri.
Izi kafukufuku wolemba osiyanasiyana akuwonetsa kuti ndalama zowonjezereka zamnyumba zabwino komanso zamagetsi zimakhala zofanana zaka makumi angapo kapena ndizotsika kwambiri.

Kutaya kwa kutentha & kuthekera kosunga

Kuwerengera, komwe kupulumutsa mwa kukonzanso ndikotheka, malo othandizira oteteza kutentha kwa FIW ku Munich mu kafukufuku wolembedwa. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba ya banja limodzi mu gulu la 1968 mpaka 1979 (incl. Fluctuation range) idagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati ndalama zonse zakonzanso zimawerengeredwa malinga ndi chitsanzo cha 67.780 Euro, ndalama zomwe zasungidwa zimabweretsa chiwonjezero cha ndalama zowonjezerapo za 2,28 Euro / kWh a ndi nthawi yolipira kubwezera zaka pafupifupi 16.

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wokutitsani

Zotsatira zatsopano pamphamvu yolondola ya madamu zimaperekedwa ndi chowerengera cha intaneti cha Institute for Building Biology and Ecology (IBO). "Nthawi zambiri mawailesi atolankhani amapangidwira m'njira yotsutsana ndi kutenthedza kwamafuta: Kutchipa, kokha chifukwa chogulitsa makina opindulitsa, osakwanira, owononga chilengedwe, ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Baubook yakonza zowerengera zachilengedwe komanso kuwerengera mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito pazinthu zina, momwe zingathere kuwunika poyera ngati kuchuluka kwa kuthekera kuli kopindulitsa komanso momwe akukhudzira chilengedwe, "adatulutsa Bernhard Lipp, Austrian Institute for Building Biology and Ecology (IBO). , chida cha AWR (www.baubook.at/awr). Ndi chida ichi, kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe komanso zachuma pamatchulidwe azinthu zowerengera zitha kuwerengeka mwachangu komanso mowonekera pa intaneti. Izi zinabweretsanso zabwino: Mwachuma, mtengo wabwino uli pakati pa 25 ndi 50 sentimita. Mwachitsanzo: Kwa mapanelo amitengo yamavomerezi am'mafuta, malingaliro olondola kwambiri ali osachepera masentimita a 85 (zachilengedwe) zamagetsi osapatsidwanso koyamba ndi masentimita a 23 (azachuma). Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizike m'tsogolo komanso mphamvu zamagetsi kuti zikonzenso, chifukwa chitha kulingaliridwa kuti pang'onopang'ono mozungulira nyumba imangokonzedwanso kamodzi.

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