Helmut Melzer
Michigan yamanga tawuni yaying'ono pafupifupi madola mamiliyoni khumi ku Michigan ku US, koma palibe amene amakhala kumeneko: "Mcity" ndi mzinda wakudzawo koma m'badwo umodzi wamagalimoto, onse omwe ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana: Onsewo amayendetsa popanda woyendetsa.
Gulu lamagalimoto amagetsi odziyang'anira okha, ndizochulukirapo kuposa momwe limayesera mayeso: kuyesedwa pano mogwirizana ndi makampani ambiri aku US, kulumikizana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito misewu yosiyanasiyana ndi zochitika, komanso tekinoloje yatsopano yolumikizirana komanso zatsopano.
Osachepera kampani yamagalimoto aku Germany saganiza zosiya magalimoto amagetsi kupita kwa anthu aku America - ndipo akufuna kukhala woyamba kuyendetsa mosayendetsa posachedwa. "V-charger" ndi dzina lofufuzira magalimoto okhazikika ndi VW: M'tsogolomo, woyendetsa amayenera kutsikira kutsogolo kwa khomo ndikuyambitsa pulogalamu. Galimotoyo sikuti imangoyang'ana paokha pakagalimoto, koma imayiyitanitsa osaganizira - ndiko kuti, popanda zingwe - ngati malo opangira amafunikira. Batri ikadzaza, galimotoyo imafuna malo apamsewu wamba.
Galimoto Yoyendetsa: Kuyatsa kwamalamulo mwalamulo kubiriwira
"V-charge" imagwira ntchito masiku ano, komanso zagalimoto ya Google yomwe ili mgawo loyeserera kale popanda chiwongolero komanso popanda mathamangitsidwe ndi zitsulo zotsekera. Ndipo maziko ovomerezeka agalimoto yamagalimoto aikidwa: Pakadali pano, nkhani 8 ya Vienna Convention for Road Traffic inali yotsutsana ndi ukadaulo watsopano. Izi zasinthidwa: Makina oyendetsa ma automati tsopano aloledwa ngati angathe kuyimitsidwa ndi woyendetsa nthawi iliyonse.
Kodi magalimoto akuwoneka bwanji?
Mwambiri, chizindikiritso choyambira zinthu zambirimbiri zatsika chomwe chimagwedeza mawonekedwe a galimoto. Kusiyidwa kwa injini zachilengedwe ndi kutumiza kumapangitsa mwayi wosaganizira momwe magalimoto angapangidwire. Kampani yochokera ku US yotchedwa Local Motors, mwachitsanzo, yangochepetsa kuchuluka kwa magawo amodzi a 10.000 omwe amafunikira magalimoto omwe alipo ndi "Strati" kupita kumagawo a 50. 2014 idapangidwa thupi ndi mawonekedwe mu chosindikizira cha 3D. Pambuyo pamaola maola a 44 magetsi okhaokha, ma signature otembenukira ndi zinthu zina zochepa adayenera kuyikidwa.
Galimoto yopangidwa kuti ikapangike idapangidwa ndi Grazer ku Vienna University of Technology. M'malo mwake, ndimtengo wamatayala omwe ungatenge anthu atatu. Ngati ndi kotheka, kutalika kwa mamita atatu kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa kukankha tayala lopitilira kumbuyo komwe kuli.
Kafukufuku wa batri wasankha
Kugwira ntchito molimbika ndi gawo lomwe lasankhidwa kwambiri la scooter, betri. Ayenera kukhala ocheperako komanso opepuka, koma akufuna kuti athe kutalikirana kwambiri. Magalimoto amagetsi pakalipano amapanga kale ma kilomita kuposa 250 popanda chatsopano - akadali ochepa kwambiri kuti angaimire njira ina yogulitsira, padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chake mpikisano wakutukuka kwa batri unayambika. Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu yamagetsi, onse ma anode ndi mbali ya cathode komanso ma electrolyte amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbali ya cathode, mwachitsanzo, 2014 yakhala ikuyendetsa kafukufuku pa mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure, omwe amakhala otsika mtengo kwambiri kuti apange ndipo amatha kusunga mphamvu zochulukirapo kakhumi kuposa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Ukadaulo wina womwe ukufufuzidwa kwambiri ndiukadaulo wa ma lifiyamu, womwe umasunga mphamvu zochulukirapo kasanu kuposa mabatire a lero.
Komabe, ndikofunikanso kukhala ndi nthawi yochepa yoyipitsa - ngati lingaliro lakusintha kwanyengo ya batri silikupezeka. Mwachitsanzo, a Renault's Zoe, alonjeza kale chiwongolero chazangu pa 80 peresenti ya kuchuluka kwa katundu mu ola limodzi lokha.
Koma kulipira bwanji "kuthira" mphamvu? Apanso, mitu ikusuta kale. Mothandizidwa ndi Climate and Energy Fund, pulojekiti ya SMILE pakali pano ikuyesa njira yomwe ikupereka zidziwitso zambiri, zowerengetsa zambiri, kusungitsa ndalama, ndi njira yolipira ndikulumikiza ntchito zamagalimoto zamagetsi ndi zomwe zimayendera anthu onse. Chifukwa chake, chidziwitso ndi njira yolipira yamitundu yonse ya mayendedwe apadera iyenera kuperekedwa.
Makasitomala ogwiritsa
Zachidziwikire, kuvomerezedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito amtsogolo ndikofunikira pazomwe zimapanga njira yatsopano yogwirira ntchito zachilengedwe. Frauenhofer Institute mwachita kafukufuku pa magalimoto amagetsi. Zotsatira zake: Potsutsana ndi galimoto yamagetsi pakadali pano ikunena kuti ndalama zodula ndizokwera kwambiri (kuchuluka kwa 66), kuti boma liyenera kupereka kaye ndalama zothandizira kugawa (63 peresenti) ndikuti magalimoto amagetsi azikhala amphamvu ngati magalimoto wamba (60 peresenti). Anthu a 46 peresenti ngakhale amaganiza (akadali) kuti magalimoto amagetsi sangathe kusintha magalimoto apano. Mwinanso izi zimachitika chifukwa chotsatira: 61% amati amadziwa zochepa za electromobility.
magalimoto magetsi
Zaka zochepa zokha zapitazo, magalimoto amagetsi adayamba kusintha dziko mosasunthika. Ndipo chinthu chimodzi chadziwika kale: Kusinthana kwagalimoto yamagetsi sikubwera modzidzimutsa, osatinso ku Alpine republic. Kumapeto kwa 2014, magalimoto a 4.7 miliyoni a class M1 adalembetsedwa ku Austria, magalimoto a 3.386 (gawo la 0,07 peresenti yonse) adayendetsa batri yamagetsi - pambuyo pake, kuwonjezeka kwa 2013 ndi 63,6 peresenti. Kuphatikiza apo, pozungulira ma 1.700 amalipiritsa ochokera kwa opereka osiyanasiyana ku Austria akupezeka kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito.
Woyendetsa wotsogola waku Europe akuwonetsa kuti amatha kuzichita mosiyana ndi magalimoto amagetsi omwe anali atangotumizidwa ku 18.000 mchaka cha 2014 (+ 130 peresenti). Chomwe chimatchuka: Ogula magalimoto amapulumutsa 25 peresenti VAT, ndalama zolembetsera, ntchito zolembetsa ndi ntchito yamisonkho ndi msonkho wapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, salipira ndalama zambiri, amaloledwa kuwonjezera pampu za anthu kwaulere ndikulandila ndalama za msonkho zochuluka, kuphatikiza ma e-magalimoto amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi ndi ma park kwaulere. Zikumveka ngati? Ndi kusintha kwa msonkho 2015 komanso ku Austria zolimbikitsira ziyenera kubwera.
Mpaka 2020, Austria ikufuna kukwaniritsa gawo lamagetsi pamagetsi okwanira magalimoto asanu.Ndemanga pagalimoto yamagetsi
"Tikuwona magalimoto amagetsi ngati mwayi wochepetsa kwambiri kuwononga chilengedwe ndi mayendedwe achuma komanso kudalira magetsi azitulutsa. Kuphatikiza apo, mabatire amatha kugwira ntchito ngati chosungira mu gridi yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, tikukhulupirira kuti electromobility ipambana, ndipo zikuchitika pakali pano ndi zifukwa zachiyembekezo. Ngati magalimoto wamagetsi atha, ndiye kuti zimangoyendetsa pang'ono. Chifukwa kutsika mtengo kwaposachedwa kumakhalanso ndi chiopsezo pakokha: zitha kuchitika kuti kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi kumakhala kutsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa kuyendetsa galimoto wamba, kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kumakwera. Koma siziyenera kuchitika kuti magalimoto amagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galimoto yachiwiri mumzinda, kapena kupanga galimoto yotsika mtengo mpikisano wa sitimayi, chifukwa kuchokera pa mawonekedwe onse, izi sizingakhale zabwino. Makamaka mu mzindawu muli njira zina zokwanira zomwe zimasunga malo poyerekeza ndi galimoto - kotero kuti malo omwe ali m'mizinda amakhalanso malo okhalamo, m'malo mongogwira ngati malo amsewu. Chifukwa ngakhale magalimoto amagetsi amafunikira malo, kuyendetsa, ndi 90 peresenti ya nthawi kuti ipake. Moyenerera, magalimoto amagetsi amayenera kuyendetsa kumene mayendedwe a anthu sanapindule chifukwa cha owerengeka ochepa - pamtunda. Pakupita kwa nthawi, pakufunanso kulingalira za kayendetsedwe kazoyang'anira, osachepera kuti mulipirire ndalama zomwe zatsika kuchokera ku msonko wamafuta amamineral ndikupereka ndalama zothandizira kukonza misewu. Koma sizinafike panobe. Choyambirira chomwe chikufunika pakali pano ndi kutsitsa mtengo wa batri ndikuwonjezera, ndikuyankha funso la momwe mungaphatikizire magalimoto moyenera mu gululi. "
Jurrien Westerhof, Wowonjezera Mphamvu ku Austria"Kupezeka kwa malo opangira ma e-charging kumawerengedwa kuti ndiwo njira yofulumizitsira kufalikira kwa ma electromobility. Ndi ntchito yowonjezera ndi kulumikizidwa kwa malo opangira ma charge, a Wien Energie akupereka mwayi kwa Wiener Stadtwerke kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bwino ntchito zachilengedwe komanso azachuma. Mchigawo cha Vienna, mutha kukhazikitsanso mabatire anu kuzungulira malo a 350 opangira. Pakutha kwa chaka, padzakhala kulimbikitsa mphamvu za 400. "
Thomas Irschik, Vienna Energy"Kuyendetsa aliyense ali mkati mwasinthidwe kwambiri pazaka makumi, ndipo ma electromobility akuchita gawo lofunikira. Magalimoto ama E-driver amayenda mwakachetechete komanso opanda utsi, ndi omwe amayendetsa ntchito yotsitsa mpweya wochotsa mpweya ndipo chifukwa chake amathandiza kwambiri kuteteza nyengo. Padziko lonse lapansi, zochuluka zimayikidwa pakupanga ukadaulo wamtsogolo komanso kuphatikiza kwake mu njira yomwe ilipo - njira yomwe dziko la Austria ladzipereka komanso kulimba mtima. "
Ingmar Höbarth, nyengo ndi thumba lamphamvu"Kuyendetsa magalimoto ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimayendetsa kusintha kwa nyengo, wogula kwambiri wamafuta ndi gawo limodzi lamphamvu kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. M'mapulogalamu angapo, Austria Yotsika idakhazikitsa cholinga chochepetsera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kapena kuigwiritsa ntchito bwino. Kukwaniritsa zolinga izi, kumafunikira, kulimbikitsa kuyenda kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kulumikizana kwa mayendedwe apadera ndi malo okhala ndi zachilengedwe, ndipo, Kumbali yina, njira yowonjezereka yogawana magawo, njira zoyendera ndi maulendo. Electromobility imagwira ntchito yofunika pano. "
Herbert Greisberger, Energy and Environmental Agency Lower Austria
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
