Zotsatira zake

Zingwe polipiritsa kutenthetsa m'nyumba yatsopano, yokhala ndi mphamvu: Zosungidwa zomwe zalengezedwazo sizinafike. Osatengera izi, zidzakhalanso zodula. Kuwotcha katatu, kutchinjiriza, kuchiritsa kutentha - chilichonse cha mphaka? Mndandanda wazomwe zingachitike ndiwotalikirapo: Kodi chidali cholakwika? Zowerengedwa molakwika? Kapena kodi hooliganism yonseyi yokhudzana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndikungonyoza?

Aliyense amene amapita kukafufuza kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mphamvu zamagetsi amatha nthawi zambiri patsogolo pagalasi ndipo amayenera kutenga mphuno yake: wokhalamo mwiniyo walephera chifukwa cha zomwe amati ndizobwezera. Chodabwitsachi, chomwe chidapezeka pakati pa zaka za zana la 19, chimafotokoza kusiyana pakati pamagetsi owerengeka ndi mphamvu zenizeni za nyumba. Poganiza kuti chinyumba chokhazikika chimapulumutsa mphamvu pazokha, chidasamalidwa mosasamala - ndipo pamapeto pake biluyi iperekedwa.

Prebound & rebound

Magulu awiriwa omwe amaphatikizidwamo ndikuwongolera ndi zomwe zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Zawonetsedwa kuti izi zimapangitsa zoyembekezera kapena zotsatira za z. Mwachitsanzo, amakhudzidwa ndizomangamanga.
Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wochokera ku Yunivesite ya Cambridge, potengera zolemba zina za 3.400, adawonetsa kuti nzika zimagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa 30 peresenti poyerekeza ndi index yamphamvu yomwe nyumbayi ili nayo. Vutoli limatchedwa prebound athari, zotsatira zake zimakhala zolimba kwambiri momwe mndandanda wamphamvu uliri. Kuphweka: Chifukwa cha kusachita bwino kwa magetsi, kutentha kumatenthedwa. Chifukwa chake, zitha kutsogola kuyembekezera zabodza mu njira zamagetsi zamagetsi: Popeza kukonzanso sikungapulumutse mphamvu zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito konse, pali zotsatirapo pakuchita bwino kwa kukonzanso mphamvu.
Mosiyana, izi zimagwiranso ntchito pakupatsanso mphamvu. Imafotokoza za kusiyana komwe kusungidwa komwe kungakhalepo kuchokera pazakuchita bwino kwa mphamvu ndi zomwe mumasungira zenizeni. Modabwitsa, kuonjezera mphamvu kumatha kuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi.

Ndipo zotulukapo zomwe zatsimikiziridwa nthawi zambiri, komanso m'bale wake "wabwino" Prebound: Mwachitsanzo, 2012 idafaniziridwa mu kafukufuku, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwenikweni kwa nyumba za 3.400 ku Germany ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowerengedwa. Zinapezeka kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni pa pafupifupi ndi 30 peresenti pansi pazowerengera. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kumapezeka m'malo osasinthika, malo osagwiritsa ntchito magetsi komanso nyumba zomwe sizinachitike machitidwe monga zida zamagetsi. Apa mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi zonse zinkawerengeredwa ndipo zimawerengeredwa kuti ndizokwera kuposa momwe zimaliri.

Chifukwa chachikulu chakusinthaku kwakhala chinthu chamunthu pakuwongolera zomangamanga. Mwachitsanzo, mabanja ambiri amawononga mphamvu zochepa chifukwa amachepetsa kutentha m'chipindacho poyerekeza ndi kuwerengera mphamvu zamagetsi. M'makomo omwe mulibe magetsi ambiri, anthu okhala m'mizinda nthawi zambiri amakhala okakamizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa.

Zimakhala zachiwawa kwambiri mukakumana zinthu ziwiri zotsatizana: Chipinda chosawonongeka chimangotenthetsedwa pang'ono, pansi pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukonzanso mphamvu mutatha kukonzanso mphamvu. Pomaliza: Kusiyanaku kungatenge kuchuluka kwakukulu.

Ndipo kulimbikira kumagwira ntchito

Kafukufuku "Kuwunika kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito a nyumba zogwirira ntchito bwino" ndi bungwe la Germany energy dena 2013, lomwe linayang'ana kuchuluka kwa nyumba za 63 zomwe zakonzedwanso mozama kwazaka zingapo - isanachitike komanso itatha mphamvu zamagetsi - zimatsimikizira kuti nyumba yokhazikika imagwira ntchito ngakhale zachitika. Zotsatira zake ndizosangalatsa: Ndi mphamvu yowerengeka yogwiritsa ntchito 223 kWh / (m2a) pa avareji asanakonzedwe komanso kuneneratu kwa 45 kWh / (m2a) pafupifupi atakonzanso, cholinga chake chinali kupulumutsa mphamvu ya 80 peresenti. Pambuyo pazokonzanso zenizeni, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya 54 kWh / (m2a) ndi kupulumutsa kwapakati mphamvu ya 76 peresenti pomaliza pake zinafikiridwa. Mu Chingerezi chomveka: Mphamvu zoyendetsera bwino zomwe zimakonzekera zimakwaniritsidwa. Komabe, ndizovuta kuwerengera momwe ogwiritsira ntchito amagwirira ntchito.

Zotsatira zoyipa

• Zowongolera mwachindunji - mumagula galimoto yokhala ndi injini yabwino kwambiri, koma sankhani galimoto yayikulu kapena gwiritsani ntchito galimoto yanu yoyenera kuposa yoyamba ija.
• Zowonongera Mosadukiza - Tsopano popeza mukuyendetsa galimoto yabwino kwambiri ndipo mwachepetsa mtengo wamafuta kapena mpweya wa CO2, mudzichitire nokha paulendo osati ndi sitima kapena galimoto pa tchuthi chanu chotsatira.
• Macroeconomic rebound effect - Kuchulukitsa kwa magalimoto abwino kumabweretsa kusintha pakupanga ndi kufunika kwa mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, izi zimatha kutsitsa mitengo yamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakufunike kuchuluka.
• Zowopsa Za Makhalidwe Abwino - Mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu ndipo chifukwa chake zinthu zopangika ndi mautumiki azachilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi tanthauzo. Mwachitsanzo, kugula chinthu chomwe chimawonedwa kuti ndi choyipa m'malo mwadzidzidzi kumakhala koyenera chifukwa chakuchita bwino komanso zotsatira zamagetsi.
• Khalidwe Lodutsa - Kusintha pang'ono kwa malingaliro pamavuto ndi kubwereka kwamakhalidwe. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kowonjezereka kwa chochitikacho kapena ntchito pambuyo pakuwonjezereka kwa ntchito sizingatheke kokha mwakuchita komanso mwadala, komanso mosazindikira. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa dongosolo lotenthetsera magetsi, samayang'aniridwa pang'ono paukadaulo wabwino wamagetsi ndipo mawindo amakhalabe okhazikika ngakhale nthawi yotentha. (mwachindunji kubwezera mphamvu)
• Zotsatira Zamalamulo Okhala ndi Khalidwe - Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chopatsa mphamvu popangitsa kuti zinthu zina zomwe sizigwira ntchito bwino, zimatchedwa chilolezo chamakhalidwe. Kugula kwagalimoto yamagetsi yovomerezeka kwa ogula, mwachitsanzo, ulendo wautali, womwe umapangidwa ndi ndege. (Zotsatira zosapindulitsa)
• Nthawi Kutembenuka - Kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi ndi nthawi yobwereza: Kulumikizana mwachangu pamsewu kumatanthauza kuti njira zowonjezera zimaphimbidwa; zida zopulumutsa kunyumba monga makina ochapira amasintha miyezo (imatsukidwa, ndi zina zambiri).
• Kuyambika Kwamavuto - M'mayendedwe and psychology, ntchito imadziwika kuti imabweza chiopsezo Aliyense amene amva kutetezedwa ndi chifoti, ma airbag ndi ABS, ndi chipewa cha njinga kapena chifukwa chachitetezo chantchito, amakhala wowopsa kapena kuyembekezera kuchita zinthu zina zowopsa zomwe ena angachite. ,
  Source: Phunzirani "Kufuna-kuthekera-luso-kwa-kuletsa-ndi-rebound-zotsatira"

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