Helmut Melzer
Kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana, imwe yemakambani makuru einishuwarenzi ari munyika, Munich Re (aimbova Munich Re), anga achitarisana nenyaya yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye nemhedzisiro yayo. Iri ndiro bhizinesi rako. Sezvatinotarisirwa, mhedzisiro yacho haina kufadza zvikuru: pasi rese, sezvakangoita kambani yeinishuwarenzi yakasarudzika mepasi renyika (ona pazasi) inoratidza, zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanyisa zvicharamba zvichikwira. Muna 40 chete, zviitiko zvinomwe mazana manomwe nemakumi mana zvakaonekwa senjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga - pamwe nekurasikirwa kwakakwana kweanosvika zviuru makumi mashanu zvemadhora. Kwete kuverenga iyo shanduko idzo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, dzinobuda muAustria: inowedzera uye yakawanda mvura inonaya pakati pekuenderera nguva, yakaoma nguva yekupisa.
Chidzidzo "COIN - Mutengo wekushaya basa: Kuongorora Mutengo weKushanduka Kwemamiriro ekunze kweAustria" yakaverengera kutyisidzira kwekukuvara kwehupfumi hweAustria kunosvika ku2050. Mhedzisiro: shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inogona kudhura zvakanyanya se8,8 bhiriyoni euros pagore kana nharaunda isingachinji. Kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inoitika, yave ichizivikanwa kwenguva yakati, sezvo magirafu achiratidza shanduko mukushisa nekushomeka kwe1978 kuenda ku2007. Zvinonyanya kusiririsa kuti munyika muno kumira kwezvakatipoteredza. Kunyangwe 2015 yasvika pachibvumirano chakatemerwa mamiriro ekunze epasi rose muParis, mhedzisiro chaiyo haisati yasvika.
Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, zviri pachena zvakare kuti nhaurirano pamusoro pekuvakwa kwakasimba hazvina musoro nekuti dzinoonekwa kubva pazvino. Kune varidzi vedzimba, mubvunzo ndewekuti: mamiriro ekunze ekunze anotaridzika sei mu10, 20 kana kunyange 50 makore?
Nechikonzero chakanaka, iko kuri kutoyambirwa kuti mutengo wedzimba wenguva yemberi hausi wekushisa chete, asi kunyanya kutonhora. Pamwe, mutengo wedzimba yekutonhora uri gumi kune 15 muzana.
Chinhu chakakosha mune ramangwana rinotonyanya kukosha kusarudza kwesimba ichave iyo envelopu yekuvaka uye inoenderana nekuisimbisa .. Kuferefeta kweViva Research Park muWopfing, Lower Austria, semuenzaniso, inopa ruzivo nezve izvi. Mudzimba gumi dzekutsvagirwa dzakagadzirwa zvakasiyana zvekuvakisa, iyo yekuvakira zvigadzirwa Baumit, pamwe chete nemasangano ekutsvagisa, inofanidza chaiyo mamiriro ekugara uye inotsvaga hukama pakati pezvigadzirwa zvekuvaka nemhedzisiro yavo pahutano. Mhedziso: Munenge zvese zvekuvaka fizikisi uye kuongorora kwekunyaradza, iyo imba isina kuvharwa inoita zvakaipa kupfuura dzimba dzakagadzirirwa. Uye usakanganwa: imba isina kuvharwa inoshandisa anosvika 250 muzana simba rakawanda. Uye: Mukuongorora kwavo, ivo masayendisiti paBurgenland University yeAvhenji Sayenzi akabata zvakanyanya nehukama nemhedzisiro yemaitiro enzira dzekuvaka. Izvo zvakaratidzirwa kuti dzimba dzine yakanaka yekunze insulation uye yemukati mirazvo inochengetedza simba zvakanyanyisa uye yakaringana kudzoreredza kwenguva pfupi tembiricha yekushisa - zvisinei nekuti kuri kupisa kana kutonhora. Yakawanda yekuchengetedza kongiri inonyanya kudzivirira kubva pakupisa kwezhizha.
Kwayedza nechando chinodzivirira
Huchapupu hwakanaka kwazvo hwekukanganiswa kwekuvaka kwakasimba mukupisa kwakangopihwa maNGO Passive House Austria uye Global 2000 Kubva pane yekuyedza: hafu yetani yechando yakanyungudutswa muna Kubvumbi mune maviri mini-dzimba. Imwe yedzimba yaive yakavakwa mune yekupinda imba standard, imwe mukuvakwa kwakajairika. Ivhavha yechando mumba yakajairwa haina kana kutora vhiki ina uye yakazopedzisira yanyunguduka pamberi peZuva raamai. Ivhavha yechando mune yakadzika insured imba inopesana nezhizha kupisa kwezhizha kupfuura 60 muzana kureba. Mushure memwedzi mumwe nehafu, pakanga pachine 20 kg yemazaya akasara. "Izvi zvinojekesa kuti kuvaka-kwakanaka-simba kunobhadhara kune mbiri yakanyanya nyaradzo munguva yechando uye muzhizha. Imba inosvikika inodzivirira zvakanyanya kukunda kupisa zvakanyanya muzhizha, asi kune rumwe rutivi hazvipise shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ", anowedzera Günter Lang anobva kuPassivhaus Austria.
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