Kuvaka pfungwa: kuvaka zvakachengeteka mune ramangwana

Kure kure nechishuwo chezvemamiriro ezvisikwa: Matanho ekunze agara kwenguva yakareba chiri chinhu chakasungirwa pamutemo, icho chichava nechikamu chakawedzera mumakore anotevera. Nezve shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye zvakabvumidzwa EU mamiriro ekunze zvinangwa, kukosha kwekuvaka kwakasimba nekuvandudza kwakawedzera kunyange mberi. Nechikonzero ichi, 2012 yakaparura "National Planning", iyo kusvika 2020 zvishoma nezvishoma inoisa mashoma mashoma esimba rekunyatsoita simba kwezvivakwa zvichangovakwa nekuvandudzwa kukuru. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuvaka kwakasimba kunodiwa pamutemo. Panyaya yekuchengetedza kukosha kweimba yakarongwa, chiyero chidiki chinofanira kuramba chiri chimwe chinhu chinofanirwa kuiswa.

Factor hupfumi

Chokwadi chiripo ndechekuti nharo yekuti zvivakwa zvakatsiga zvaisazoshanda hazvina kunaka. (Option yakataurwa). Imba yakagadzirika, ine simba-inoshanda zvakanaka haibhadharisi mari inodarika yayo. Sezvazvigadzirwa zvese, ndezve kutsvaga kambani yakakodzera iyo inopa chaiyo kuziva-sei pamutengo wakanaka. Nekudaro, mamwe madhiri anokoshawo, nekuti nekuda kwematengo akanyanya emagetsi emitengo, zvivakwa zvinogadzikiswa zvichaderedza zvakanyanya mari yekumhanyisa pamusoro pekutenderera kwekushandisa. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekubuda kunze kwemari zvakachipa kana kuti zvakapfava - nehana yakanaka uye kunyaradza kwakanyanya. Kana iwe usingade kutenda izvo, unogona kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana: Iyo Media Center yeSustainable Construction (www.nachhaltiges-bauen.jetzt) ​​inopa zvidzidzo zvakawanda uye kuverenga pamwe nekuongororwa kwezvivakwa zvakatogarwa.

Factor ecology

Icho chokwadi chekuti kusimudzira kunobhadhara ecologic kunofanira kunyatsoshumwa mugore re2016. Asi pano, zvakare, kusahadzika kuri kupararira zvakare uye zvakare, semuenzaniso maererano neshoko rezvipenyu rekupisa kwemagetsi, kunyanya polystyrene. Pano, zvakare, chokwadi chiripo patafura: Kunyangwe iwo ekupisa masisitimu senge mahwendefa eEPS ari zvirokwazvo zvigadzirwa zvemafuta, asi ane 98 muzana yemweya uye maviri muzana muzana wepolystyrene. Iko kushandiswa kwemafuta mukuisa mukati saka kunozvikonzera mukati menguva pfupi zvakajeka, seyakawanda yeoiri yemafuta kana yakaenzana yayo inoponeswa. Mhedziso: kwete kune dhamu inokuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza. Kunze kweizvi, kune akawanda mamwe masisitimu ekuisa zvisarudzo kusarudza kubva, kusanganisira izvo zvinobva mukuvandudza zviwanikwa

Factor inopa kuchengetedza simba

Nhamba dzakawanda dzekuchengetedza zvivakwa pfungwa dzinounza hombe plus: kuburikidza nekushandisa ye Photovoltaics, simba rezuva, geothermal simba uye Co, simba rinopiwawo ramangwana. Iwe haufanire kuvimba zvizere pasimba pachako-kuzvigutsa. Iyo inovimbisa credo ndiko kugona simba musanganiswa neiri shoma simba rekupa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kusvika ikozvino chaiye chaiye Simba kuvaka chivakwa: imba inopa simba rakawanda kupfuura ravanoshandisa.

Urongwa hwenyika

Mukati meiyo dhizaini ye "National Plan", iyo Austrian Institute of Construction Engineering (OIB) yakagadzika zvishoma zvishoma zvinodiwa pakurongeka kwesimba kwekuvaka nekuvandudza kwemakore 2014 kusvika 2020. Iyo OIB inotungamira 6 inotsanangudza mutemo wekuvaka nhanho nhanho nhanho-mbiri kutenderera kusvika mugore re2020 kukosha kwechivakwa chesimba-simba inosvika uye nekudaro zvinoshanda pasi pemutemo wekuvaka. Izvo zvishoma simba rekuita zvinodiwa zvinogona kuwanikwa kana nekuvandudza iwo ekupisa mhando yeiyo envelopu yekuvaka kana nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemagetsi anovandudza masimba.
Kubva ku2020 zvivakwa zvese zvitsva zvinofanirwa saka kuve "sekune simba-risina divi" (dzinenge zero dzimba dzemagetsi), zvivakwa zvevanhu vese kunyange 2018. Kune yakakura kugadziridzwa inosanganisira inopfuura 25 muzana yeiyo envelopu yechivako, mashoma emagetsi ekupisa anofanirwa. Kuti uratidze zvirinani kushanda kwesimba kwakawanda kwezvivakwa, mamwe masimba mashandiro esimba anodiwa ayo anopfuura kupfuura kupisa kunodiwa (HWB). Panyaya yekutengesa uye yekurenda, simba rekushandira zviratidzo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa, uye muAustria kubvira 2012 kukosha kwechitupa chesimba.

Sustainable kuvaka pfungwa

Uye zvakare, kune akati wandei mafungiro ekuvaka kusarudza kubva, ayo ose anounza akawanda, dzimwe nguva akasiyana mibayiro yevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza. Iwe unogona kusarudza pane pfungwa, kana kusanganisa technical element uye mabasa zvakasununguka. Pakupedzisira, zvakadaro, iyo tekinoroji-yekuziva yevabvumirwe nyanzvi vanoverengera kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwavo. Mushure mezvose, chivakwa chemazuva ano chigadzirwa chepamusoro-soro nhasi.

Valence

Kuti unzwisise kuenzaniswa kwekufunga kwekuvaka kukosha kukosha kunotevera kunoshanda: Yakaderera simba chivakwa chiratidzo chiyero chidiki chekuvakwa kwakasimba. Izvi zvinoteverwa nePassive House naSonnenhaus, vane pfungwa Simba rezuva "rakasiyana chaizvo. Iyo Plus Energy House, iyo inopa simba rakawanda kupfuura raanoshandisa, parizvino inotariswa semhinduro inosvika kure zvakanyanya.

Kuvaka Pfungwa: Iyo Yakadzika Yepasi Simba Imba

Iyo yakaderera simba imba, inosangana neremangwana rekuvaka chiyero, inoratidzwa neyakagwinya remagetsi ekuvaka envelopu. Iyo inosvika pedyo nePassive House maererano nesimba rekushandisa uye mweya. Haisi yekumanikidzirwa, asi inokurudzirwa ndeyekuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba rekuvandudza senge Photovoltaic kana solar simba uye inodzora ventilation system nekudzora kupisa.
Zvakare chikamu chechimiro ndechekuumbwa komputa kuderedza kupisa kupisa, kuwirirana nezuva uye kudzivirira kwematomu anodziya.
Maererano neEU Buildings Directive, zvivakwa zvevanhu vese uye, se2018, zvivakwa zvese zvinofanirwa kunge "zvine simba-rakakwana", kunyangwe zvivakwa zvine simba-shoma kana "NearlyZeroEnergy Zvivakwa", kutanga ne2020.

Kuvaka pfungwa: Iyo imba inopfuura

Zvinodikanwa pairi imba yekupfuura zvatova zvakakwira: Kuti uwane kupisa kunodiwa kwezasi kwe15 kWh / m².a (maererano neFPPP), zviyero zvemba zvinotevedzana zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvikamu, semuenzaniso mawindo ane kupisa kupisa coefficient U-kukosha kweinenge 0,80 W / (m²K)) uye yekufambisa inodzidzisa iyo U-kukosha kwe0,15 W / (m²K). Nekuda kweiyo yakakosha mweyati (50 Pascal pasi / pamusoro pekumanikidza kuyedzwa kwakaderera pane 0,6 imba yevhara paawa), inodzora mhepo yekufambisa sisitimu nekudzora kupisa kunodiwa. Mune imba inoshamisira, ingangoita 75 muzana yekupisa kubva kumweya wakadzoserwa unodzoserwa kumhepo nyowani kuburikidza negetsi yekupisa, umo mamiriro ekunze epadenga asina nzira yekudziya yakapararira uye isina mweya yekukonzeresa zvinokwanisika. Unogona kutofema.
Passive House tekinoroji yagara iriko kwemakore anopfuura 20. 1991 yaive chirongwa chekutanga chakaitwa muGerman. MuAustria, yekutanga imba inovakwa yakavakwa mugore re1996 muVorarlberg (Sonnenplatz, 2006). Parinhasi (seye2010) pane dzakakomberedza 760 dzakanyorwa dzimba dzinongoitika muAustria. Sezvo zvisiri zvinhu zvese zvakanyorwa, "yakasviba" yedzimba dziripo dzinokwirisa zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, iyo nhamba yedzimba dziripo dzinofungidzirwa pa6.850, ine yepamusoro yepamusoro.

Kuvaka pfungwa: Iyo solar imba

Pfungwa yeimba yezuva inosiyana kwazvo neyevamwe. Kubudirira kwesimba hakusi kutarisisa pano, asi kushandiswa kwesimba kwesimba kwesimba. Nekuchengetedza kupisa nenzira matangi emvura akadzika, simba rezuva rinogona kushandiswa gore rese nekuda kwemvura inopisa uye kupisa nzvimbo. Munguva yechando, nzvimbo diki yemoto kana pellet stove inobatsira. Maitiro ehurongwa hweimba yesosi yakanaka inopisa kufukidza, inopfuura 50 muzana solar yakafukidzwa yekudziya nemvura inopisa uye nekuwedzera tembiricha chete nemagetsi anovandudza masosi akadai sehuni.
Izwi iri rakaumbwa neSonicnusus Institute muStraubing (D). 1989 yakavakirwa muOberburg, Switzerland, imba yekutanga yakazara solar muEurope.

Kuvaka Pfungwa: Iyo Plus Energy House

Pfungwa yeimba yeEastEnergy chaizvo inoenderana neiyo yePassive House. Iko kushandiswa kwakawedzerwa kwesimba rinovandudzwa senge Photovoltaic, sosi yekupisa kana geothermal simba, zvisinei, yakajeka huwandu hwesimba inowanikwa, inounza wakawandisa simba. Simba rinodiwa pakupisa uye nemvura inopisa inowanikwa mukati kana pamba pachayo.
Kana chiyero chiri pakati mumwe chinotaura nezve zero zero imba. Zvivakwa zvisingade chero simba rekunze zvinoonekwa sesimba pachako-

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