Anovandudza masimba: uko kunosundira kufambira mberi

Ngatizvitarisei izvi: Kuda kwevaAustria - 79 muzana vanoda kukurumidza kushandurwa kwesimba (GFK, 2014) - haina kukwana, zvazvinotora sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika. Idi rokuti kugoverwa kwesimba rinowanikwazve muAlpine republic parizvino kuita chikamu che 32 muzana, kunaJohannes Wahlmüller wesangano rezvemamiriro ekunze Global 2000 kunyanya zvikonzero zvinotevera: "Kurudziro nyowani yakauya muAustria kubudikidza nemutemo mutsva wemagetsi girini 2012 uye nekuenderera mberi kwemitengo yekukwira kwemitengo simba. Panguva ino, Austria inoshandisa - pagore - 12,8 mabhiriyoni euros pane zvokunze zvemafuta, marasha uye gasi. Ndiyo mari yakawanda inoyerera ichienda kunze kwenyika isingagare ichishanda muAustria. "Kunze kwekudzivirirwa kwezvekudzivirirwa, kune zvakare kukurumidza kwehupfumi kusiya mabasa ezvekuraswa.

Energy musanganiswa muAustria

Kune amburera sangano Renewable Energy Austria, chinangwa chiri pachena, anodaro Jurrien Westerhof: "Tinoda 100 muzana inowedzerwazve, yakachena simba. Hapana munhu anokahadzika kuti izvi zvinogoneka - nemasango, nzizi uye zuva kune yakaringana simba rakasvibirira - kana panguva imwecheteyo isu tinokwanisa kudzora kutambisa simba iri mumigwagwa uye zvivakwa zvisina kufanira zvakavakirirwa. Mari inowanikwazve simba akadonha zvakanyanya mumakore apfuura. "Magetsi anodzoreredzwa anokwikwidza zvakanyanya, uye magetsi anovandudzwa anogona kuramba achimhanya nemusika - dai soko iri ranaka."

Mitengo & zvakavanzika mitengo

Asi chii chinoderedza rwendo kupinda mune ramangwana simba reAustria? "Kana mitengo yemagetsi yemagetsi yakadzika yawa zvakare - sezvazviri nhasi - pane kushomawo kwekukurudzira kushandura kune simba rinowanikwazve kana kushandisa simba zvakawandisa. Nyaya yakakosha ndeyekuti iyo mitengo yakavanzika ye CO2 haina mutengo mukati. Neiyo eco-social tax change inoisa yakawandisa kumanikidza uye inodzikira mamwe mimwe mitero mukudzoka, hurumende inogona kuchinja izvo. Pekutanga pekutangisa kungave kubviswa kwemutero wedhipatimendi remagetsi akapera magetsi muAustria, "akadaro Wahlmüller weGlobal 2000. Westerhof anozvionawo seizvi: "Dambudziko ndere kuti CO2 kodzero yekusvibisa magetsi emagetsi magetsi akapotsa ave nemahara, uye kuti zvimagetsi zenyukireya zvinobhadhara zvakanyanyisa kureba kutora njodzi nekutora. Izvi zvinovapa mukana wemakwikwi mumusika. "Dai zvisiri izvo, magetsi akachena angangozvikurira oga."

Kubvisa zvakapusa masimba emumba

Kuwedzerwa kwepamusoro kutsamira

Energy haina kuenzana nesimba, zvinoita. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti, zvisinei, kuti Europe-wide kuchengetedzwa kwekugovera inofanira kuvimbiswa. Kunze kweiyo kunze kweNorway (-470,2 muzana), nyika dzese dzeEU dzinovimba nepesenti yakakura yekuburitsa simba kusangana nezvido zvavo zvemasimba. Iko kusimba kwesimba kunoverengerwa sechaunzwa weti mukati wakakamurwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemagetsi epamhepo kushandisa kusanganisira kuchengetedza YeAustria, iyo nhamba yehofisi yeEuropean Union Eustat inoratidza muzana 2013 yegore 62,3.
Nezvikonzero zvematongerwo enyika, saka, mari inofanirwa kuve yakagadzirwa muEuropean simba kugadzirwa. Nekudaro, madenderedzwa akakosha muEU anoita kunge achiona kuwedzera simba mukati, toti, simba renyukireya. "MuEurope, marasha, gasi uye nyukireya zvidyarwa zvakare zvakapihwa mari zvakapetwa katatu kusvika katatu zvakaringana simba rese rakashandisirwazve pamwe chete pamusoro pekupararira, uye mutengo wehutano uye wezvemamiriro ekunze hausati wabvumirwa. Kune iyo United Kingdom, European Commission ichangoburitsa kuburikidza ne nyukireya yeiyo Hinkley Point C nyukireya yemagetsi. Yakaparadzirwa pamusoro pemakore e35, anopfuura 170 mabhiriyoni euros achagoverwa mumisangano, "anodaro Stefan Moidl, weboka rinofarira IG Windkraft.

Asiwo kuAustria, zvinhu hazvina kumira zvakanaka, anodaro Bernhard Stürmer anobva kuARGE Kompost & Biogas: “Gore roga roga, VaMai naAmai Austriya vanoshandisa mari inodarika mabhiriyoni gumi nemaviri euros pakutenga magetsi. Vhoriyamu yerutsigiro yemagetsi kubva ku biogas iri kutenderera mamirioni makumi mashanu - kubva nekuAustria. Chipingamupinyi chikuru pakuwedzera kwezvinogadziriswa kusaziva. Mafossil marudzi esimba anokurudzirwawo muAustria. Asi izvo hazvisi pane chero bhiri uye hazvitaurwe pachena. "Nemitero yemitero inosvika makumi manomwe emamiriyoni yakapihwa magetsi ekugadzira marasha, 50 biogas plants inogona kuvakwa.

Fossil inokurudzira

Asi pasina mafossil mafuta haigone (yet) inogoneka. Chinhu chinotenderedza icho chingangovewo chakasimba mune zvemari chinogara chakanongedza - kune yekupedzisira kudonha kwemafuta asina kuchena. "Kwese kwese kuri kuedza kuderedza shanduko yesimba, kutaura zvakashata uye kutadzisa shanduko yemamiriro kuitira kuti ibudise marasha akasviba uye simba renyukireya kwenguva yakareba sezvinobvira." Iwo makambani makuru emagetsi, ayo pakutanga aikoshesa pamisika mikana yesimba rinowanikwazve, akaisa mari zhinji mumakomishini yePR kukuvadza mufananidzo wemakwikwi asingadiwe. Pamusoro pazvo, gakava pamusoro pe "mutengo wakanyanya wesimba rinowanikwazve", iro raitonga mukuburitswa kwenhau, ndiwo mhedzisiro yemakwenzi aya. Zuva nezuva inoshambadzirwa kuiswa kweiyo mafuta anodziya. Asi mamwe maindasitiri, akadai seindasitiri yemapepa, iyo munguva yakapfuura yaive yakadzikira pamusoro pehuni diki, vari kusimuka vachimhanyisa mukwikwidzi usingadiwi wekushandiswa kwesimba, "anodaro Christian Rakos, weProPellets, achiona kusarongeka mukudyidzana kweveruzhinji nekuvimbika.

Chimwe chinhu zvakare chinounza dambudziko kunevanopa magetsi, sekufambiswa kwakaitwa naWilfried-Johann Klauss weAAE Naturstrom: "Sapfuura, kune kusuwa kukuru kuchinja muAustria. Izvi zvinoenderana nenyaya yekuti iyo eco-magetsi musika iri kushandawo yakawandisa nekutengeswa kwevatengi, kungofanana nezvigadzirwa zve organic. Nekudaro, vatengi vanowanzo sarudza kugara nemutengesi weprovince kuti vasatore njodzi. Zvinonzwira tsitsi, nekuti vatengesi vakavimbika sesu vari kuwana nguva yakaoma. "

Kushandiswa kwekuziva

Nekudaro, pane zvakare kusafunga pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemagetsi. Kuziva mashandisirwo emagetsi zvinorevawo zvakare kushandisa mashandisirwo esimba nenzira kwayo zvichienderana nekushandisa kwacho. Rakos kubva kuPropellets inopa muenzaniso: "Kupisa nemagetsi ndiyo nzira isinganetsi yekupa kupisa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti munguva yechando, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kunodzorwa neenyukireya nemarasha emagetsi zvidyarwa. 800 Mamiriyoni ematani matani emarasha anopiswa gore rega rega kugadzira magetsi muEurope, isingafungidzirwe mari. Chigadzirwa chemagetsi chemafuta emagetsi chinoshandura nezve 2,5 ye kilowatt-maawa emarasha-akavakirwa simba mune imwe kilowatt-awa yemagetsi emagetsi. Kushandisa simba iri kupisa zvinoreva kuti unoshandisa simba rakawanda kupfuura nekubatanidzwa chaiko kwesimba remagetsi. Kunyangwe mapombi ekupisa anonyanya kushanda pane kutwasanudza zvakananga masisitimu, ivo vanogadzira avhareji yeawa imwe kilowatt awa yemagetsi kuti iite 2,5 kilowatt maawa ekupisa. Mukupedzisira, zvakadaro, izvi hazvisi zvakanyanya kushanda kupfuura iko kwekushandisa zvakananga kweiyo fossil simba sosi. Pombi dzinodziya pari zvino dziri kumanikidzwa neiyo indasitiri yemagetsi, nekuti ivo vari kutarisira musika mutsva mukuru pano. Kubva pane maonero ekudzivirirwa kwemamiriro ekunze uye kushandiswa kwesimba rinovandudzwa zvechokwadi kune dambudziko kukura. "

Dambudziko rezvivakwa

Iko kuda kuchinja inyaya yekutanga, kuramba kurongwa, asi shanduko chaiyo haigone kuitwa kubva pazuva rimwe kusvika rinotevera. "Nehurombo, kuwanda kwesimba rinowanikwazve hakuna kukwana kuti uwane shanduko yesimba," Stefan Moidl anobva ku IG Windkraft anogadzirisa dambudziko renzvimbo iripo: "Matambo emagetsi nemusika wemagetsi zvakagadzirirwa nzvimbo yemukati yemarasha uye yenyukireya zvidyarwa. Ose maviri anofanirwa kuvakwazve kuitira yakachena magetsi anogona kugadzirwa. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu apo zvinoshandiswa zvikuru zvinonyora mabhiriyoni ekurasikirwa, icho hachisi chinhu chakareruka. Aya ndiwo mataurirwo anoitwa simba rakaipa zvekare. Chikonzero chiri pachena. Mashasha emarasha uye nyukireya vanoshanda magetsi vanogadzira magetsi kunyangwe iri kudiwa kana kwete. Izvi zvinomera zvine simba hazvigone kukurumidza kupunzika. Saka chero marasha nemagetsi enyukireya anoburitsa magetsi chiri chipingamupinyi pakuchinja kwesimba. Nekuti kana zuva rave kupenya uye nemhepo inovhuvhuta, hatizive kwekuenda nemagetsi mazhinji uye nyukireya simba. "Kwete chete kuti iri kusvibisa uye ine njodzi, yatove nekufungidzira pane dzimwe nguva."

Gudrun Stöger anobva kuOekostrom AG zvakare anotsinhira izvi zvakaoma kukunda chipingamupinyi: "Hatina dambudziko rekuti mafomu esimba aya - iwo matsva - haana kugamuchirwa kana kugamuchirwa, asi kuti isu tichiri kutsigira mafossil mumasistimu aripo. Nekuti nyaya yemagetsi iri de facto inyaya yezvivakwa. Uye zvivakwa zviripo hazvigone kuvakwazve pasina nguva - zvinotora makore akati wandei, kana zvisiri makumi emakore. Nekudaro, shanduko yesimba remagetsi kuenda kune revwables inogona kukurumidza kuAustria - kuno, avo vane mutoro vanofanirwa kutora Germany semuenzaniso. "
Nachsatz: Asi iyi shanduko ingangoitika chete kana isu tikamisa hafu yekupedzisira yekushandisa simba neyaka 2050 - kwete munharaunda yemagetsi chete, asi kunyanya mumigwagwa nepamhepo kupisa. Zvikasadaro zvinoshanda kune iyo simba rinovandudzwa: "Denga chete ndiye muganho."

Pfungwa - Status quo pane simba sosi

"Kuwedzerwa kwesimba rinowanikwazve kwawedzera simba muAustria mumakore achangopfuura. Iko kukonzera ndeyeGreen Electricity Act, iyo yakapa mamiriro ezvinhu akasimba kubvira 2012, ichipa vanoisa mari kuchengetedzeka kwavanoda. Kunyanya musimba remhepo uye Photovoltaic simba rekugadzira rinowedzera zvakanyanya, uye kupisa kubva pakuvandudza nyowani biomass, pellets uye zuva rinochinja kuve rekusingaperi nekuti mari yekudziya yakadzikira. "
Jurrien Westerhof, Renewable Energy Austria

"Simba rinogadziriswa ratova 32,2 muzana yezvese zvinoshandiswa simba muAustria. Izvi zvave kutotanga kubaya padhuze nepamaki yeEU tarisirwa kuti Austria iwedzere danda rayo mu34 muzana kuenda ku2020. Kurudziro nyowani yakapinda muAustria kuburikidza neNew Green Electricity Law Amendment 2012 nemitengo iri kuramba ichikwira yesimba remagetsi. "
Johannes Wahlmüller, Global 2000

"Kunyangwe bhizimusi redu remhuri ravepo kwemakore angangoita 130, yaive chete nekusununguka kwemusika wemagetsi mugore re2000 isu takakwanisa kuita pamusika wese weAustria. Kusvika panguva iyoyo, isu takanga tiri mashoma maererano nehuwandu hwevatengi kune yedu diki yemagetsi dunhu grid muKötschach (Carinthia muGail Valley), kwatakakwanisa kupa nezve 650 pantographs. Kubva panguva ino zvichienda mberi, zvakadaro, takakwanisa kupa masimba edu echisikigo muAustria zvese, izvo zvakaita kuti pari zvino isu tirikuburitsa approx. 25.000 vateresi naAAE Naturstrom. "
Wilfried-Johann Klauss, AAE Naturstrom

Biogas

"Biogas ndiyo yega tekinoroji inogona kuburitsa simba nehunyowa kubva kune zvasara pane chikafu nekugadzira chikafu. Kutambisa tsvina pamwe nekushandiswa kwepaviri kwevhu rekurima kunogona kuita mupiro wakakosha kuhupfumi hwesikarudzi hwechisiko. Parizvino, zvidyarwa zveAustria biogas zvinoburitsa zvakapoterera 540 GWh yemagetsi (anenge dzimba dze150.000) uye anodyisa kupisa kwe300 GWh (30 mamirioni emafuta anodziya) mumakanitsi ekudziya emunharaunda etc. Uye zvakare, 88 GWh biomethane inozopihwa girini yemagetsi. Parizvino, yakawanda yekukwanisa haina kushandiswa. Biomethane inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sehuni. Nehurombo, mota dzemoto munzira uye kuda kubhadhara zvakanyanya Biomethane zvichiripo. "
Bernhard Stürmer, ARGE Kompost & Biogas Ositiriya

Matanda & marasha

"MuAustria nhasi tinokwanisa kufukidza chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehuwandu hwemasimba anodikanwa nesimba rinowedzeredzwa. Iko kushandiswa kwehuni sesimba remagetsi, kungave huni, matanda Chiputi kana mapeneru, kunoitisa basa rakakura pano ne60 muzana yemagetsi anovandudza masosi, ichiteverwa ne hydropower ine 35 muzana chikamu. MuEurope, zvakare, zvinangwa zvinokosheswa zveEuropean Commission zvakonzera kukura kwakakura kuita mukushandiswa kwesimba rinowanikwazve. Izvo zvinobudirira, zvakadaro, zvakatarisana zvakanyanya kuchizvarwa chemagetsi chine simba rinowanikwazve. "" Kupa kupisa, hushoma hafu yezvizere zveEuropean simba zvinodiwa, mafuta eposiri achiri kushandiswa zvakangoita chete. "
Christian Rakos, ProPellets

photovoltaics

"Photovoltaics muAustria yakaona kuwedzera kukuru kubva 2008. Anenge gore rega rega, huwandu hwepanzvimbo hwakapetwa kaviri. Mwaka werekodhi waive wakasarudzika 2013, zvisinei, nekuda kwemari yakakosha yemari yekushandisa-pent. Kwegore 2015, isu tinotarisira iyo yekutanga gigawatt peak yakaiswa yakaiswa. Nhanho inosarudzika mukuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza kwe Photovoltaics muAustria ndiko kwakahwinwa-kukunda kwakawedzerwa mutero yekuregerera pachako pa25.000 kilowatt maawa pagore. "Photovoltaics yaderera nechero 80 muzana kubva pakatendeuka mamireniyumu uye ichazosvika pamusika wakazara wekuzvitengera wega magetsi wakagadzirwa nekutanga kwemakore gumi anotevera."
Hans Kronberger, Photovoltaic Austria

mhepo simba

"Parizvino, anopfuura 1.000 mhepo turbines muAustria inogadzira yakabuda ye2.100 MW uye inogadzira magetsi akawanda se1,3 mamirioni edzimba dzinopedza. MuEurope mose, matinjiniya emhepo ese akatobatsira zvinopfuura gumi muzana kuvhara mashandisirwo emagetsi, uye pasi rese zvinongove pasi peshanu muzana. Mumakore ekupedzisira e15, simba remhepo rakawanda rakagadzirwa muEurope kupfuura mamwe ese masimba masimba. Kushandiswa kwesimba remhepo kugadzira magetsi kwave kuita rimwe remapazi anokosha eindasitiri yesimba. Izvi chaizvo kusafara kweiyo yakasarudzika e -hupfumi. Akanyanya kunonoka, iye akaziva zviratidzo zvenguva uye zvino akagara pane zvekare uye nyangwe amagetsi matsva nemagasi emagetsi izvo zvisingachabatsiri. "
Stefan Moidl, IG Windkraft

Sarudzo - Mamwe mazano

"Chii chiri kutimisa?" Ndinofanira kutanga kupi? Pamusoro pekuronga kwezve nzvimbo uye nezvekutakura kwepachivande, chokwadi chekuti hatina mutero wemoyo wemoyo, kuti simba reiyo nyukireya yekubatira mukati meEU richiri rakanyanyisa, mutengo we CO2 zvitupa unoramba wakanyanyisa. Pamusoro pezvo, kudhara magetsi kwakajairika kuchiri kushaikwa muEU yose. Izvo zvisina kukwana uye zvakavharwa rubatsiro rwekudzokorora kutsva sePV uye mhepo yemhepo muAustria kana chokwadi chekuti PV ichiri kurambidzwa mumaguta eAustria - keyword dzimba dzakawanda dzemhuri - ita zvimwe. Nehurombo, rondedzero iyi inogona kuramba yakatambanudzwa nekusingaperi. "
Gudrun Stöger, Oekostrom AG

"Matanho akakosha ekufambisira mberi mamwe matanho ematunhu ekudzora hupfumi muhurumende yemubatanidzwa uye mukana wekugadzira nzvimbo dzemapato mazhinji. Iyo optimization yekushandiswa kwemari muGreen Electricity Act yakakoshawo zvakanyanya. Maitiro ari kune ekutsvaga mari yekudyara zvakare kune ma investor pane 5 kWp. Iyo Federal Association Photovoltaic Austria iri kuronga kuwedzera huwandu hwe 8 muzana hwemagetsi govana ku2020 kuAustria. Dambudziko guru rinotevera kubatanidza kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwePV nemasisitimu akakodzera ekuchengetedza. "
Hans Kronberger, Photovoltaic Austria

"Yakagadziriswazve Energy Austria inoda kuti iyo Austrian Federal Hurumende ikurumidze kutora gadziriro nyowani yesimba - nechinangwa chepakati kuve kushandura zvachose magetsi ekuwanisa magetsi matsva kusvika ku2050."
Jurrien Westerhof, Renewable Energy Austria

"Yakwana nguva yenhanho dzinotevera mukushanduka kwesimba: marasha nemagetsi emagetsi enukisheni haana kurasikirwa nechinhu mugadziriro yemagetsi yemazuva ano. "Chigadziro chakarongeka chekudzimisa mvura yemagetsi izvi zvadarika."
Stefan Moidl, IG Windkraft

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