Kubudirira kwesimba: kuvaka kwakasimba hakusi kwehupfumi?

Kushanda kwesimba kwakakosha. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti kutenderera kwe40 muzana yehuwandu hwekushandisa simba inoenda kune yekuvaka chikamu, iyo zvakare inomiririra iyo huru CO2 uye simba rekuchengetedza simba. Panyaya yedzimba dzeAustria, kupisa nzvimbo inomiririra chikamu chikuru chemashandisirwo enguva pasi pe73,3 muzana yekushandiswa kwesimba kwekupedzisira muhuwandu hwe272,5 Petajoule (Energy Status Austria) Wese anofunga mashandisirwo emagetsi mudzimba edzimba ari kudonha nekuda kwenhamo uye kuziva nezvemamiriro ekunze kuri kukanganisa: mamiriro ekunze-akagadziriswa ekupedzisira kushandisa simba Vagari venzvimbo (Cherechedzo: Kuti uenzanise kudzikira kwakabatana nemamiriro ekunze mukushandiswa kwesimba kwekupedzisira, kugadziriswazve kwezvakatipinda pakushandisa simba kuri kuita.) Rose kusvika pagore 2008, 2009 yakawa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunetseka kwehupfumi uye yakazomira. Kubvira 2012, yakakwira zvakare uye yakanga yakapoteredza 2013 muzana kumusoro mu26 pane mu1995.

Mahotera anoda kugadziridzwa

Kunyanya, iyo iripo yekuvaka sitoko ine yakawanda yekubata kuti iite maererano nesimba rekushanda uye hupfumi. Dzimba dze2,2 mamirioni kana dzakatenderedza 60 muzana yemari yakazara dzimba ingangoda kugadzirisa-simba ("Kushanda Kwakakodzera muAustria Housing Policy", IIBW 2012). Iyo yekuvandudza huwandu muAustria hwave pedyo nechero muzana kwemakumi emakore, zvichireva kuti zvinotora 100 makore kusvikira sitandi yekuvaka yanyatsogadziriswa. Mukuwedzera, iyo yekushongedza kwemafuta inogadzira chete chikamu cheiyo yakazara kuzadzikiswa. Simba rinokandwa kunze kwehwindo.

Kukuvara kwehupfumi

Icho chokwadi chekuti kuvaka kwakasimba uye kugadzirisa hakusati kuri kwehupfumi chete yeimba yega yega, asiwo chinhu chehupfumi, kuri panguva pfupi yapfuura kuiswa kwekuongororwazve cheki Federal: 2013 inogona kutsigirwa ne132,2 mamirioni euros mukutsigira mari inogara ye847 mamiriyoni euros. Pakazara, 12.715 mabasa akachengetedzwa kana kugadzirwa uye 3,6 yakachengetedza mamirioni ematani e CO2 emissions.
Izvi zvinosiyaniswa neongororo "COIN - Mutengo wekushaya Basa: Kuongorora Mutengo weKushanduka Kwemamiriro ekunze kweAustria", maererano neizvozvo hupfumi hweAustria hunofanirwa kutsungirira kusvika ku2050 bhiriyoni yekukuvara kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze gore rega kusvika 8,8 iri.

Kukosha kwesimba kushanda

Ndedzipi mhando dzekuvaka uye ndedzipi midziyo yekuvaka inonyanya kupfuma? -Mubvunzo uyu wakaferefetwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvirimo kudzidza. Mhedziso: "Sezvo kushandiswa kwesimba kubva mukushandiswa kwekuvaka kunokonzeresa chikamu chakakura chekukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvivakwa, chinangwa chikuru chinofanira kunge chiri pakuronga nekugadzirwa kwezvivakwa. Mhedzisiro yakazara yemafungiro yakakoshawo nhasi kune zviduku zvivakwa senge dzimba dzemhuri imwechete. "Uye:" Munzvimbo yekutanga mukadhesi yezviyero, panofanirwa kuve nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekushandisa simba kwakawanda.

Kumhanya kunodhura zvakanyanya

Kunyangwe kana mhedzisiro yekudzidza ikasataura zvakajeka kune imwe kana zvimwe zvakasiyana zvechivako, mhedzisiro yakasimba inogona kuitwa, sekureva kwevanyori vekudzidza: "Chikomborero chega uye pfungwa yekuchengetedza nyika isipo. Iko kungofungisisa kwekutanga kwekudyara kwekuvaka chivakwa, iko kusasanganisa mutengo wekuvaka (mari yekugadzira), haimbogadzira mufananidzo chaiwo wemutengo wechokwadi wechivako. Kunyangwe hazvo hupenyu hwemutengo wehupenyu hwakavakirwa pane zvakafungidzirwa zvakasiyana, zvinoratidza zvakajeka muprojekiti kuti pano, zvakare, mutengo wakawandisa pamusoro pehupenyu hunokosha hunotarisirwa (makore 50) hwakanyanya kuchikiswa nemitengo iri kuramba iripo yekushandisa chivakwa ichi. "

Chisarudzo chinhu chesimba mitengo

Nekudaro, chidzidzo ichi chine mimwe miviri inokanganisa: iwo chete mutengo wesimba zvino wakashandiswa pakuverenga, saka mutengo wekuwedzera wemutengo hauna kutarisirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, yakakwira kwazvo mitengo yekugadzirwa yakaverengerwa, iyo - inozoratidzwa nezvimwe zvidzidzo - zvino inogona kuitwa.
Sezvo mutengo wepamusoro wemagetsi erudzi rwese uchifanirwa kutarisirwa mumakumi emakore anotevera, kuvaka pfungwa pamwe nekutarisa kugona kwesimba - kureva dzimba dzinotenderera pamwe ne zero uye pamwe nedzimba dzemagetsi - zviri pachena mune mukana pano. Pfungwa iripo ndeyekuti idzi pfungwa dzinozove zvakare dzakachipa pakureba kwemutengo wose kana vasingatombobuda semukundi mukuenzanisa. Chero ipi mari yekuwedzera inoiswa mumaonero, kune iyo isingakwanisi kufungidzirwa nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemutengo wesimba.
"Chokwadi chiripo ndechekuti: pasina mashandiro esimba hapana chivakwa chakasimba." Izvo hazvichisiri nezve kana shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iri kutora nzvimbo, asi chete nezve kuti hwakasimba sei kana husina kunaka mhedzisiro yacho. Kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza CO2, iwe unovaka nekushandisa dzimba dzako simba-zvakaringana uye nemubatsiro wakanyanya mukana unobvira wemagetsi anovandudza mukupa kweakasara esimba rekuda. Chero ani anoti kune vanopesana nevaya vasingaratidze kufarira nguva yepamberi yepamberi uye vanogona, kubva mune zvehupfumi maonero, vanganyanya kufarira chipo chakanaka, "anodaro Robert Lechner, Austrian Ecology Institute ÖÖI.

simba mitengo

Chinhu chinosarudza chekufunga nezve mutengo-unobudirira wekuvaka uye kuvaka patsva mitengo yemagetsi - kunyanya iwo emafuta asina kunaka. Kunze kwechokwadi kuti mafossil mafuta anogumira uye ari kupera mukati isingazivikanwe asi nguva inoonekwa, makore ekupedzisira airatidza kusafanofunga kwekuvandudzwa kwemutengo. Chinhu chimwe ndechechokwadi: mitengo yezvisaririra ichaenderera mberi nekukwira mukureba.
Iyo Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy iri mune Energy Status Chirevo 2015: "Munguva yakareba, mutengo wemafuta asina kusarudzika (akagadziridzwa inflation) 2003 / 04 asvikawo asvika padanho pakutanga kwezana 1990er makore uye akawedzera zvakanyanya zvekuti iye mugore re2008 kukosha 1980, iyo yakakwirira ye2. Dambudziko remafuta, rakanyanyisa kupfuura. 2008 yave kudonha mumwedzi ichangopfuura uye 2009 yaona nzira yayo chaiyo yemutengo weoiri kusvika. 60 dhora / mbiya, iri anenge makore egore 1982. Mumakore 2010 uye 2011 mutengo wakasimuka zvakare nesimba uye wasvika munguva pfupi yapfuura ne approx. 102 dhora / mbiya rekodhi. Mu2012, mutengo waingova pasi pe100 madhora / mbiya, kanenge katatu mutengo we1990. Mu2013, yaive zvakare zvishoma pasi uye yaive nguva pfupi yapfuura pakatenderera 95 dhora / mbiya. "Chaizvoizvo, kusimudzira kwemitengo mumisika yepasi rose kwakachinja zvakanyanya mamiriro emutengo wesimba muAustria."
Pakutanga kwe2015, mutengo wemafuta wakawira pasi pe50 madhora uye zvakanyanya munguva pfupi yapfuura kutenderera 60 dhora.

Kubva pane standard kusvika kumusoro tech

Chinhu chimwe ndechechokwadi: Kufanana nezvigadzirwa zvese, imba inodhura zvakanyanya kana zvishoma zvichienderana nemhando uye maitiro. Chikamu chakaderera chechivakwa chakasimba uye saka zvakare chakajairika kuvakwa chinoratidzira yakaderera-simba imba, iyo yakakwirira imba yekuwedzera-simba, iyo mune yehuremu rose kunyange inoburitsa iyo simba goho. Pakati pane izvo zvekuvaka pfungwa Passive House uye Sonnenhaus pamwe nemisanganiswa yakasanganiswa.

Mari yakadonha

Chidzidzo cheYunivhesiti yeZvemagetsi uye Hupenyu Sayenzi Vienna "Kugadziriswa kwekutarisa kwakasarudzika dzimba dzekugara zvivakwa muVienna" yakafananidza mutengo wekugadzira uchienzaniswa nedzimba yekuvakira yakaderera-simba imba. Mhedzisiro: mitengo yekuvaka yakasimba iri kudonha nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi, zvakati muzvivakwa zvekuvakwa kwekugara kwakawanda. Vanyori: "Mari yekuwedzera yeViennese passive dzimba dzekugara dzimba dzaive panenge ka4-12 muzana, umo mune inotevera inodhura-inobata madhizaina ekushandiswa ekuvaka masisitimendi anogona kungofungidzira huwandu hwe4-6 muzana."
Ichishandisa muenzaniso wekuvakwa kweimba ine huremo, iyo yazvino kudzidza kweGerman "Mutengo Wokuvandudza Wokuvaka Nesimba" kwakaratidza kuti mutengo chaiwo we1990 wakaita sei muchiedza chekuwedzera zvinodiwa zvepamutemo zvekusimba kwesimba - zvakagadziriswa mutengo kuburikidza nedhaindi yemutengo wekuvaka. Mhedzisiro: Nhamba dzakawanda dzakaita senge cellular kongiri yemadziro, windows, padenga kana kupisa pombi mazuva ano zvinodhura zvakanyanya kana iwe unowana mhando iri nani yemutengo mumwe chete. Vanyori: "Tichifunga nezvemhedzisiro yekutanga kudzidza uku, pfungwa dze" kuwedzera simba senge muvengi wechisimba wekuvaka-zvinobudirira kuvaka "hazviite senge zvine gumi. Chidzidzo ichi chinopedzisa chekuti zvese zvanhasi zvinyowani zvekuvaka zviyero uye zvese zvinotevera mamiriro kuronga kwakanaka nhasi kunogona kutove nemutengo wakaderera wemwedzi kupfuura zviyero zvakapfuura zvemakumi emakore apfuura.

Profitability yakaverengerwa

Iyo Energy Institute Vorarlberg uye e7 Energy Market Analysis yakaverengera remangwana simba mutengo. Muchidzidzo "Kuongororwa kwemutengo-wakakwana wedanho rekuvakwa kwedzimba muVorarlberg" (2013) mhando dzakasiyana dzezvivakwa uye musanganiswa - dzimba dzemhuri imwe uye dzakawanda- mhuri, kuvaka kwakasimba nematanda, pamwe negesi, pellet uye kupisa pombi yekudziya - maererano nekubudirira kwesimba uye kushanda kwakapfuura makore 30 yakaverengerwa uye ichienzaniswa. Mari yekutanga yekudyara mari ye simba-yakakodzera zvikamu uye zvikamu, kuronga mutengo, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa matengo pamwe nemitengo yesimba kusanganisira kuwedzera mutengo kwakasanganiswa.

Iyo yakafanana yakakwira yeVorarlberg mutengo weti wakashanda sehwaro hwemitengo yekuvaka. Mhedzisiro: Kunyangwe mari yekudyara yemhando yepamusoro yesimba rakasiyana neasar system ichienzaniswa neyakasiyana maererano neyakaderera simba uye isina solar system yakakwira, asi chaiyo mutengo-unobudirira unoonekwa mukutarisisa kwemakumi emakore akati wandei.
Izvi zvidzidzo nevanyori vakasiyana zvinoratidza zvakajeka kuti mari yekuwedzera yezvivakwa uye zvine simba-zvivakwa zvakaenzana pamakumi emakore kana yakanyanya kuderera.

Kupisa kupisa & kugona kuchengetedza

Kuverenga, iyo iyo kuponesa nekugadzirisa inogoneka, iyo yekutsvagisa nzvimbo yekudzivirira kupisa FIW muMunich mune chidzidzo chakashandiswa. Semuenzaniso, imba imwe-yemhuri iri zera boka 1968 kusvika 1979 (incl. Fluctuation range) yakashandiswa. Kana iyo yakazara yekuvandudza mutengo yakaverengerwa sekuenderana nemuenzaniso we67.780 Euro, iyo mari yekuchengetera inoguma yawedzera mutengo-mubairo we2,28 Euro / kWh a uye zvinoreva kubhadharisa nguva inenge yemakore 16.

Iyo yakanyanya insulation yekukoshwa

Mhedzisiro mitsva pane yakakwana yedamu simba inopihwa neinternet Calculator yeInstitute for Kuvaka Biology uye Ecology (IBO). "Nguva zhinji mumapepanhau anogadzirwa nenzira isiri yechokwadi inopesana nekupisa: Inodhura, ingori yeindastiri yekusimbisa zvakanaka, isina basa, inokuvadza nharaunda, ine dambudziko mukurasa. baubook yakagadzira ecological amortization uye inodhura-inoshanda Calculator yezvinhu, nazvo zvinokwanisa kutarisa pachena kuti zviyero zvekuyenga zvinobatsira here uye zvinokanganisa sei nharaunda, "zvichangobva kupa Bernhard Lipp, Austrian Institute for Building Biology uye Ecology (IBO) , chishandiso cheAWR (www.baubook.at/awr). Ne ichi chishandiso, zvezvemamiriro ekunze uye zvehupfumi amortization yemukati yekuisa insulation inogona kuverengerwa nekukurumidza uye pachena online. Izvi zvakaunza zvakare maitiro akakwana kujekesa: Nehupfumi, kukosha kwakakodzera kuri pakati pe25 uye 50 masentimita. Semuenzaniso: Pamaminerari anodziya masisitimu epasi, iyo yakanyanya kunaka makosimendi ingangoita 85 masentimita (ecological) yekusagadziriswazve simba rekutanga uye 23 masentimita (ehupfumi). Nekudaro, zvakakosha kune ramangwana-chiratidzo uye simba-rinoshanda kuti rivandudzwe, nekuti zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti pamusoro pehupenyu hupenyu hwekuvaka inowanzogadziriswa kamwe chete.

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