Ursula Wastl
Anthu aku Australia ochulukirachulukira akutenga mphamvu zawo mtsogolo. Mupeza chithandizo chambiri pa intaneti ya E-Control (www.e-control.at) Kuchokera pomwe mabungwe am'magulu azaka zamphamvu anachulukira mu 2001, kampaniyo yakhala ikukhazikitsa ndikutsatira onse omwe akuchita nawo msika pazinthu zamphamvu. ,
Ndi magetsi, mtengo wosinthira wapezeka pafupifupi kawiri pachaka chathachi kuchokera pa 1,8 peresenti mpaka pano 3,5 peresenti. Mtengo wosinthira mafuta unakwera 2014 mpaka 4,6 peresenti, poyerekeza ndi 2,5 peresenti chaka chatha. Ponseponse, makasitomala amagetsi a 206.206 - kuphatikiza mabanja a 159.476 - adayang'ana wothandizira wamagetsi watsopano chaka chatha. Otsatsa gasi awo anasinthidwa ndi makasitomala a 61.633, kuphatikiza mabanja a 58.514.
"Wotsatsa yekha ndiyemwe amasintha. Wogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki, mwachitsanzo, kampani yomwe imagwira ntchito moyenera pa intaneti, imakhala yomweyo. Ziribe kanthu kuti mumalandira magetsi kuchokera kwa ndani. Palibe kusintha pamagetsi kapena mpweya kudzera pakusintha kwa othandizira. "
Martin Graf, chiwongolero cha E
Zosintha zamagetsi zikuchulukirachulukira
"Izi zikufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi 90 peresenti poyerekeza ndi chaka chapitacho," akutero Mtumiki Wachuma ndi Energy Reinhold Mitterlehner pa ziwerengero zamsika zatsopano za olamulira a E-Control. "Chifukwa chake, ziwerengero zochulukitsitsa zakwaniritsidwa kuyambira pakugulitsidwa kwa msika wamagetsi ndi gasi, zomwe zidakulitsanso mpikisano pamsika wamagetsi. Komabe, tidakali ndi mwayi wowongolera kuyerekezera kwapadziko lonse, "akutero Mitterlehner, yemwe amawona kuthekera kwina komwe kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chifukwa chimodzi chachikulu chachitukuko chachuma cha kuchuluka kwa zosinthika ndizotheka kwambiri pakusunga kwa Martin Graf, CEO wa E-Control magetsi ndi woyang'anira magesi. "Kufikira ku 510 Euro, banja wamba limatha kudzipulumutsa chaka chilichonse ndikusintha kuchokera kwa othandizira achikhalidwe kupita kwa ogulitsa magetsi komanso otsika mtengo. Izi ndi ndalama zapamwamba kwambiri kuyambira nthawi yowolowa manja, "atero a Graf.
Othandizira ochulukirapo
Chiwerengero cha omwe amapereka magetsi obiriwira chawonjezeka kwambiri ku Austria. 2013 yapereka magetsi othandizira othandizira a 81 kuchokera ku 100 peresenti yamphamvu zowonjezereka. M'chaka 2012 idakali 56. Mphamvu yobiriwira ikukula. Sipanakhalepo othandizira magetsi ambiri obiriwira monga chaka chino.
Kuchuluka kwamagetsi onse ogulitsa magetsi obiriwira (kuphatikiza othandizira mphamvu zamagetsi, omwe ali opangira magetsi obiriwira) pafupifupi kawiri (kuphatikiza 90 peresenti) ndipo anali 2013 pa maola a 17.412 gigawatt, maola a 2012 9.184 gigawatt.
100 magetsi obiriwira?
Pafupipafupi magetsi a ku Austria ophatikiza 2013, malinga ndi lipotilo yamagetsi ya E-Control, imakhala ndi magawo a 78,58 peresenti yamphamvu zodziwikanso zamagetsi, 14,35 peresenti yamafuta osungika, 6,80 peresenti yamagetsi ochokera kumayiko ena osadziwika (ENTSO-E mix) ndi 0,27 peresenti yodziwika magwero ena amagetsi. Ndipo pazinthu izi zomwe zimapangidwanso mphamvu, pafupifupi 68 peresenti ndi ma hydropower, mphamvu zopitilira zisanu peresenti, kungokhala magawo anayi peresenti yolimba kapena yamadzimadzi, komanso pafupifupi 1,5 magetsi ena obiriwira - kuphatikiza magetsi a photovoltaic okhala ndi pafupifupi 0,4.
Makampani opanga magetsi okhala ndi nyumba ali ndi othandizira ambiri komanso agulitsa ndalama. Apa, Global 2000 ikuwonetsa kulumikizana kwa makampani. Mawu a Reinhard Uhrig, Global 2000:
"Magetsi ochokera kumagwero opangidwanso mphamvu amapangidwa ndikugulitsidwa ku Austria ochulukirapo. Koma: magetsi obiriwira samangolimbikitsa kusintha kwa magetsi. Zinthu "Zamagetsi zobiriwira", zomwe zimangotengera mphamvu yakale yamagetsi kapena zamagetsi, sizimalimbikitsa kusinthika kwa mphamvu kapena kupanga zina zowonjezera pakuteteza nyengo. Kusinthidwa kwa magetsi obiriwira kumangowonjezera phindu zachilengedwe ngati zingapangitse magetsi obwezeretsanso omwe sakanamangidwa.
Othandizira magetsi ambiri obiriwira ndi othandizira othandizira ochiritsira (kapena "makampani obiriwira" omwe ali ndi "magetsi kuchokera ku hydropower" ali ndi othandizira omwe amagawa "mafuta" wamba): magawo amagetsi obiriwira amatithandizira makampani opanga magetsi ndikuwongolera makasitomala amagetsi ndikasochera ngati Amakhulupirira kuti kugula kwawo magetsi kumathandizira kukulitsa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zingasinthidwe - koma phindu limaperekedwa ku gulu wamba.
Chifukwa chake, timalimbikitsa othandizira magetsi obiriwira okhawo omwe amakana malonda amagetsi, amangopereka magetsi kuchokera kumagwero ounikanso (chifukwa sangathe umetikikettieren magetsi "akuda") ndipo samapereka mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji othandizira "ochiritsira". Awa ndi ma Alps Adria Energie (www.aae-energy.com) okha komanso Oekostrom AG (www.oekostrom.at). "
Koma ngati mumapereka magetsi obiriwira 100%, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kuwona. Gudrun Stöger wochokera ku oekostrom AG akufotokoza kuti: "Kuphatikiza pa magetsi awiriwa omwe ali odziimira pawokha oekostrom AG ndi Alpen Adria Energie (AAE), othandizira ambiri azinthu zokhazikitsidwa amapereka 100 yamagetsi oyera. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a oekostrom AG, gulu lonse liyenera kukumbukiridwa nthawi zonse - kuyimitsa zinthu zothandizira "zoyera" kuti mugulitse magetsi obiriwira pamenepo osasintha chilichonse m'magulu otsalira sikoonekera komanso ogula Poganiza zofika kusintha kwamphamvu komanso zolinga zoteteza ku nyengo ya Austria sizikumveka. "
Mphamvu ya nyukiliya, ayi!
Kulemba kwa E-Control kumapereka chidziwitso chazomwe zimapangidwira magetsi am'nyumba mwa omwe akutsatsa.
Nyumba sizitha kuperekanso magetsi amtundu uliwonse chifukwa cha kusintha kwamalamulo 2013. Ndipo kuwunikiranso pamalemba a mphamvu kwawonetsa kuti othandizira onse adasunga izi. Grayscale 2013 idangoperekedwa kwa makasitomala amakampani. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa 2015 kwatha. Kuyambira pamenepo, palibe magetsi ochokera kwina osadziwika omwe angapatsidwe makampani opanga mafakitale.
Malinga ndi otchedwa ENTSO-E-Mix (wopanda Renewable Energy) ku Europe komanso ku Austria, 2013 inali 37,47 yamphamvu ya nyukiliya (2012: 35,7 peresenti). Kuchokera pamalingaliro owoneka ngati masamu, gawo la mphamvu za nyukiliya ku Austria chaka chatha linali 2,55 peresenti, 2012 2,59 peresenti. M'zaka zaposachedwa, gawo la mphamvu za nyukiliya ku republic ya Alpine latsika pang'ono
Magetsi obiriwira: Ndi zosavuta
Kusinthako palokha ndikosavuta: Ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndi gasi onse amatha kupezeka m'mawonekedwe a E-Control pansi pa www.e-control.at/tarifkalkulator. Kusintha, muyenera kungodzaza fomu patsamba lawebusayiti. Zina zidzakuchitirani inu.
Palibe chomwe chimasintha kumalo opangira tekinoloje. Amapitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito mita yomweyo ndi mizere yamagetsi yomweyo ngati kusintha kusanachitike. Awa ndi malo achinsinsi othandizira ma netiweki. Monga opereka maofesi aulere nthawi zambiri amalandila ndalama zowerengera ma netiweki - izi zikutanthauza kuti wothandizirana ndi netiweki amapereka bilu pazantchito zonse zapaintaneti, misonkho ndi ntchito mwachindunji kwa kontrakitala wawo watsopano. Amapereka ndalamazo, kenako nkubweza kwa inu.
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