Hana i ka makemakika: ke kumu kūʻai maoli o kā mākou meaʻai

ʻO Freiburg / Br. Pipiʻi ke kumu kūʻai. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no ka meaʻai. Hūnā nā kumukūʻai ma kahi kūʻai nui i kahi hapa nui o ke kumukūʻai o kā mākou meaʻai. Uku mākou āpau iā lākou: me kā mākou ʻauhau, kā mākou wai a me nā uku ʻōpala a me nā bila ʻē aʻe he nui. ʻO nā hopena o ka huliau wale nō ke kūʻai ʻia nei i nā piliona.

ʻO ke kaiakahinalii o nā puaʻa a me nā manure

ʻO ka mahiʻai kuʻuna e hoʻoulu nui i nā lepo me nā mea momona a me ka manure wai. ʻO ka nui o ka nitrogen e hana ai i ka nitrate e komo i loko o ka wai honua. Pono nā hana o ka wai e ʻeli hohonu a hohonu hoʻi e loaʻa i ka wai inu maʻemaʻe kūpono. E hoʻohana koke ʻia nā kumuwaiwai. Kūpono ʻo Kelemania i ka uku ma mua o 800.000 euro i kēlā me kēia mahina i ka European Union no nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka nitrate i ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei ka mahiʻai ʻana i nā hale hana a me ke kahe ʻana o ka manure wai. I nā makahiki he 20 i hala aku nei, ua hoʻololi ʻo Kelemania mai ka lawe mai puaʻa i ka mea lawe waiwai nui - me nā piliona o nā kōkua kālā mai ka waihona kālā mokuʻāina I kēlā me kēia makahiki he 60 miliona mau puaʻa e luku ʻia ma Kelemania. 13 miliona ʻāina ma ka ahu ʻōpala.

Hoʻohui ʻia, aia nā koena o nā ʻākena pale mea kanu i loko o ka meaʻai, ka hōʻino ʻana o ka lepo i hoʻonui ʻia, ka lilo o ka ikehu no ka hana ʻana i nā mea momona a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe he nui e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni a me ke aniau. 

Kūpono ka mahiʻai i ka $ 2,1 trillion i kēlā me kēia makahiki

Wahi a kahi noiʻi a ka UN World Food Organisation FAO, ʻo nā koina kaiaola o kā mākou mahiʻai wale nō e hoʻonui ʻia a ma kahi o 2,1 trillion kālā US. Eia hou, aia nā uku ukali kaiaulu, no ka laʻana no ka mālama ʻana i ka poʻe i make make iā lākou iho me nā pesticides. Wahi a nā wānana a ka Soil a me More Foundation mai Netherlands, make nā 20.000 a i ka 340.000 mau limahana mahiʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai ka lāʻau ʻona mai nā pesticides. 1 a 5 miliona e ʻehaʻeha iā ia. 

I ka a like kau ka FAO i nā kumukūʻai ukali kaiapili o ka mahiʻai ma kahi o 2,7 trillion kālā US i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. I ka hana ʻana pēlā, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i helu i nā koina āpau.

Makemake ʻo Christian Hiß e hoʻololi i kēlā. Ua ulu ka makahiki 59 ma kahi mahiʻai ma ka hema o Baden. Ua hoʻololi i kona mau mākua i ka ʻoihana i ka mahiʻai biodynamic i ka makahiki 50. Ua lilo ʻo Hiß i mea mahi ʻai a hoʻomaka i ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu ma ka waiwai kokoke. I ka makahiki 1995, e like me ka nui o nā ʻoihana mahiʻai, ua hoʻolauna ʻo ia i ka mālama puke lua e like me ke Kānāwai Kalepa a ua ʻike koke ʻo ia: "Ua hewa kekahi mea ma laila.

E helu pono

Ma ke ʻano he mahiʻai mahiʻai, hoʻonui nui ʻo ia i ka manawa a me ke kālā i ka mālama ʻana i ka momona o ka lepo, i ka huikau ma kahi o nā monocultures, ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hoʻohuli hua a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i nā mea kanu - ʻo ia hoʻi ka mahi ʻana o ka ʻāina i kona ʻāina. "ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻolilo i kēia mau koina i nā kumukūʻai," wahi a Hiß. "Ua hoʻonui ka hakahaka ma waena o nā kumukūʻai a me ka loaʻa kālā." No laila ua emi a emi iki kāna loaʻa kālā.

ʻO ka poʻe e hana i kā lākou mea momona ponoʻī a i ʻole e ulu i nā legume ma ke ʻano he hopu i nā mea kanu e hoʻohui i ka nitrogen i ka lepo e uku keu. "Hoʻokahi kilokika o ka mea hoʻomomona hana kākolu kumukūʻai he ʻekolu Euro, hoʻokahi kilika o nā ʻāpana pepeiaohao he 14 a hoʻokahi kilo o ka mea hoʻomomona maoli i hana ʻia nona iho he 40 euro," wahi a Hiß.

Hoʻopuka ʻia nā mea hana synthetic i nā nui ma Rūsia a me Ukraine, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki i nā limahana o nā hale hana ke ola a ʻaʻole hoʻi ola mai nā uku haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu weliweli no ka hana ʻaʻole hoʻopili wale i ke kaulike o ke aniau o ka honua.

ʻO Gardener Hiß, ka mea i aʻo i ka mālama kālā a me ke kālā, makemake e hoʻokomo i kēia mau kumukūʻai āpau i ke kumukūʻai o nā meaʻai.

ʻAʻole hou ka manaʻo. Mai ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 20, ua ʻimi nā mea kālaihana waiwai i nā hana e hoʻopili ai i kēia mau koina kūwaho i loko o nā pale kaulike o nā ʻoihana, ʻo ia hoʻi e hoʻopili iā lākou. Akā ehia ka waiwai o ke kaiaola olakino? He aha ke kumukūʻai o ka lepo momona e hiki ke omo a mālama i ka wai a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā wahi nāwaliwali o nā hui mahiʻai nui?

Hoʻopili i nā kumukūʻai ukali i nā kumukūʻai

No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi manaʻo kikoʻī, hoʻomaka ʻo Hiß me ka hoʻoikaika. Hoʻomaulia ia i ka hana keu no ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo a me nā hana mahiʻai hoʻomau hou aku no nā mahiʻai. ʻO ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā mīkini mahiʻai kaumaha liʻiliʻi e hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ka ea i ka lepo a make nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea e hoʻonā i ka lepo a hoʻonui i kāna ʻike momona. Hāʻawi ʻia nā mahiʻai nāna e kanu i nā pā a hoʻokuʻu i nā lau nahele hihiu i nā wahi noho no nā mea kolo e pollination i nā mea kanu. He hana kēia a pau a no laila uku kālā. 

I Freiburg, Hiß a me kekahi mau mea kōkua i loaʻa iā lākou ʻOihana kūʻai kumukūʻai kūloko hoʻokumu Me ke kālā mai nā mea kuleana, kēia mau māla, a lākou e hoʻolimalima ai i nā mahiʻai ʻokanika, hoʻohana ʻia e komo i ka hana hoʻomau ʻana o ka meaʻai, kālepa, mālama ʻana a me ka gastronomy. 

"Hoʻokomo mākou i ke kaulahao waiwai holoʻokoʻa," i wehewehe ai ʻo Hiß. I kēia manawa ua loaʻa iā ia nā mea hoʻohālike. Ma Kelemania a puni, ʻelima mau Regionalwert AG i hōʻiliʻili ma kahi o ʻeiwa miliona euro ma ke kapikala mahele o nā mea kuleana he 3.500. I ka hana ʻana pēlā, ua komo lākou i loko o nā pā mahiʻai he ʻumi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā prospectus palekana i ʻae ʻia e ka Federal Financial Services Agency (BaFin) e hoʻohiki "nā waiwai kaiāulu a me nā kaiaola" a me ka mālama ʻana i ka momona o ka lepo a me ka pono holoholona. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea kuleana ke kūʻai i kekahi mea mai ia mea. ʻAʻohe hoʻokaʻawale.

Mālama nā ʻoihana

Eia nō naʻe, ke lele nei nā ʻoihana nui aʻe. Ua inoa ʻo Hiß i ka ʻoihana inikua ʻo Allianz a me ka hui kemika BASF ma ke ʻano he laʻana. "Kākoʻo pū nā mea loiloi nui e like me Ernst & Young a i ʻole PWC iā Hiß i ka helu moʻohelu o nā lawelawe a nā mahiʻai meaola e hāʻawi ai no ka pono maʻamau. ʻEhā mau hui i kēia manawa i nānā ʻia me ka kikoʻī loa: No ka piʻi o kahi 2,8 miliona euro, hana lākou i nā lilo hou aʻe ma kahi o 400.000 euro, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he loaʻa kālā i kekahi pale kaulike. Ua ʻae pū ka Institute of German Auditors IDW i ka moʻohelu kālā loaʻa a me ka moʻohelu kālā pono pono e noʻonoʻo pū i nā kumu kālā ʻole.

Hana ʻo Regionalwert AG Freiburg me SAP, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe Nā papahana e ana i ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻiaʻO ia, no ka laʻana, hana nā mea mahiʻai ʻokanika ma o kā lākou ʻano hana mahi kaiaola. Ma kahi o 120 mau kiʻiona mai ke kaolaola, nā hana kaiaulu a me ka hoʻokele waiwai āpana e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa a helu ʻia no kahi makahiki kālā. No kēia, koi ka waiwai āpana i 500 net net i kēlā me kēia makahiki a me ka hana. Nā mea maikaʻi: hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā mea kūʻai aku i ka hana a nā mahiʻai no ka pono maʻamau. Hiki i nā luna politika ke hoʻohana i nā kiʻi, no ka laʻana, e hoʻokaʻawale hou aku i nā kōkua ahupuaʻa ma kahi o ʻeono piliona euro i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Inā hoʻohana pololei ʻia, lawa nō ke kālā e hoʻomau i ka mahiʻai. Ma Kēkēmapa 1 ka Heluhelu hana waiwai āpana, me nā mea mahiʻai hiki ke helu i ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia i nā euro a me nā keneta a lākou e hana ai no ke kaiāulu

ʻO ka nānā hā

I ka papahana Quarta Vista, ua lawe ka ʻoihana polokalamu honua SAP i ke alakaʻi o ka consortium. Ma laila, hoʻomohala ka poʻe loea i nā hana i hiki ke ana ʻia a hāʻawi ʻia ka hāʻawi o kahi ʻoihana i ka pono maʻamau. 

Kauka ʻo Dr. ʻO Joachim Schnitter, ka luna papahana SAP ma Quarta Vista, e ʻōlelo nei i ka pilikia mua: "ʻO nā waiwai he nui a kahi hui i hana ai a luku paha ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻike a helu ʻole ʻia paha i nā helu." ʻO ka nīnau no ka nui o nā miliona o ke ton o ka ea maʻemaʻe e pono ai. hiki ʻole ke pane ʻia. ʻOiai hiki ke helu ʻia i nā pōʻino o ke kaiapuni a me ke aniau i mua inā manaʻo kekahi hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia a uku ʻia paha ma kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe. A: ʻAʻole hiki ke wānana ʻia nā mea hōʻino hope i kēia lā. ʻO ia ke kumu i lawe ai ʻo Schnitter a me kāna hui papahana i kahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa: "Ke noi nei wau i nā pilikia e hiki ai iā mākou ke hōʻemi a pale aku paha inā ke hana mākou i ke ʻano ʻoi aku ka nohona a me ka nohona kanaka i kekahi manawa a i ʻole kekahi. ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia e hōʻemi ana i ka pono e hoʻonohonoho i nā mea a pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka waiwai o kahi ʻoihana. 

Me nā palapala hōʻike CO2 a me ka ʻauhau pesticide i hoʻolālā ʻia, aia nā ala mua e ʻae i ka poʻe nāna lākou e kaʻana like i nā kumukūʻai ukali o kā lākou ʻoihana. Manaʻo ʻo SAP ʻo "ka mea e hiki mai ana e koi iā mākou e holo i nā ʻoihana ma mua o ka ecologically ma mua". Makemake ka hui e mākaukau no kēia. Eia hou, ke kū mai nei kahi mākeke hou ma aneʻi no ka lako polokalamu e ʻike ʻia ai nā hopena kaiaulu a me nā kaiaola o kahi ʻoihana. E like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, hoʻohoka ʻo Schnitter i ka politika. "ʻAʻohe nō he mau alakaʻi maopopo." ʻO kēia kekahi o nā kumu e neʻe ai i mua o nā ʻoihana he nui.

Inā ʻoe e hoʻopili i nā kumukūʻai ukali, ʻaʻohe ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o "organic" ma mua o ka "maʻamau"

ʻO ka hoa hana papahana ʻO ka lepo a me More he Nā helu helu - Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka hopena o ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, nā meaola, nā kānaka pākahi, ke kaiāulu, ke aniau a me ka wai.

Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā hopena i ka momona o ka lepo, ʻo ka hua makahiki o hoʻokahi hectare o ka mahi ʻana o ka ʻāpala he 1.163 euro i ka mahi ʻana maʻamau a 254 euro i ka mahi ʻana meaola. E pili ana i nā emissions CO2, ʻo ka mahiʻai maʻamau i 3.084 euro a me ka mahiʻai meaola i 2.492 euro.

"ʻO kēia mau kumukūʻai huna ʻia i kēia manawa he nui loa a mae koke lākou i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa i manaʻo ʻia o kā mākou meaʻai," kākau ʻo Soil a me More. Hiki i nā poʻe kālaiʻāina ke hoʻololi i kēlā me ke noi ʻana i nā mea haumia e uku no ka hōʻino ʻia o ka hopena, kōkua wale i ka mahiʻai hoʻomau a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka VAT ma nā huahana meaola

ʻIke ʻo Gardener a me kahi ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻo Christian Hiß iā ia iho ma ke ala pololei. "Ke hoʻoluhi nei mākou i nā kumukūʻai o kā mākou ʻoihana no 100 mau makahiki. ʻIke mākou i nā hopena o ka dieback nahele, ka loli a me ka nalo ʻana o ka momona o ka lepo. "Inā helu pono nā mahiʻai a me nā ʻoihana mahiʻai, manaʻo nui ʻia nā mea kūʻai mai ka" ʻano mau "a lilo i panakalupa nā mea hana. 

"Bookkeeping", hoʻohui iā Jan Köpper lāua ʻo Laura Marvelskemper mai GLS Bank, "hōʻike mau wale nō i ka wā i hala." Eia nō naʻe, makemake nui nā ʻoihana e ʻike pehea ka mea e hoʻomau ai kā lākou ʻoihana ʻoihana. Ke noi nui nei nā mea hoʻopukapuka a me ka lehulehu e pili ana i kēia. Hopohopo nā luna e pili ana i ke kūlana o kā lākou ʻoihana me nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hoʻopukapuka. Hele ʻo Christian Hiß i kona alahele i kāna hoa hana papahana SAP. Heluhelu lākou i kāna puke a hoʻomaopopo koke i ke ʻano o ia mea.

Info:

Pūnaewele Hana ʻAno: ʻAhahui o nā mea hoʻopukapuka e makemake e hoʻopukapuka wale i nā ʻoihana e kū i nā pahuhopu pāluna o Palisa. 

Regionalwert AG Citizens' Stock Corporation: https://www.regionalwert-ag.de/

E hoʻomohala hou aku i nā kūlana hōʻike i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana & "thriveability" ma kahi o ka hoʻomau: https://www.r3-0.org/

mea i manao ai ʻO Quarta Vista, i kālā ʻia e ka Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, ʻoihana hoʻokele papahana SAP, hoa hana papahana Regionalwert, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe: 

BaFin: "Leaflet ma ka hana ʻana i nā pilikia e hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia"

Puke: 

"E helu pono", Christian Hiß, oekom Verlag Munich, 2015

"Hoʻololi hou i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka mākeke kaiaulu", ʻo Ralf Fück lāua ʻo Thomas Köhler (eds.), Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Berlin 

"Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa no ka hoʻolauna", Matthias Schmelzer lāua ʻo Andrea Vetter, Julius Verlag, Hamburg, 2019

Kahakaha: Ma muli o ka manaʻo o Regionalwert AG i hōʻoia iaʻu, ke kākoʻo nei wau i ka hana hōʻike moʻokāki no nā mahiʻai i ka paʻi a me nā pilina lehulehu mai Nowemapa 30, 2020. Ua kākau ʻia kēia huaʻōlelo ma mua o kēia hana like ʻana a no laila ʻaʻole hoʻohuli ʻia e ia. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo wau i kēlā.