ʻO nā ʻepekema hoʻolohe ʻole | S4F AT

na Martin Auer

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻepekema ʻepekema e hiki mai ana i ka hopena ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā hopena o kā lākou noiʻi i nā aupuni, kākau ʻo Daniel Grossman i ka puke hou loa o ka puke pai. maoli1. Huhū lākou a me ka manaʻolana no ka ulu ʻana o nā wanana weliweli a me nā hanana ʻino koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole e koi i ka hana e pono ai. E like me ka laʻana, haʻi ka ʻatikala i ka geoscientist ʻo Rose Abramoff a me Peter Kalmus astrophysicist, ua pilikia lāua ʻelua i ka hopu ʻia a me ka nalowale o kā lāua mau hana me nā hana kupaianaha.

I ʻApelila 2022, no ka laʻana, ua pāpā ʻo Kalmus a me ʻekolu mau hoa hana i ke komo ʻana i kahi lālā o ka waihona JP Morgan ma Los Angeles, kahi e hoʻopukapuka kālā nui ai i nā hui wahie fossil. Ua hopu ʻia ʻo ia no ka hewa hewa. Me Abramoff, ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i kahi hui ʻAmelika Geophysical Union me kahi hae Scientist Rebellion. Ua nalowale ʻo Abramoff i kāna hana ma Oak Ridge National Laboratory ma Tennessee. Ua hāʻawi wale ʻia ʻo Kalmus e kāna mea hana, ʻo Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Ua hiki mai ke ala politika o Abramoff i ka makahiki 2019 i kona nānā ʻana i nā mokuna like ʻole o ka hōʻike IPCC. ʻO ka leo kūʻokoʻa o ka palapala, ka mea i kūpono ʻole i ka nui o ka pōʻino e hiki mai ana, ua huhū lākou. Ma ʻApelila 6, 2022, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka pā hale keʻokeʻo i ka wā e kūʻē ana i ke aniau. Ua hopu ʻia ʻo ia ma ka lā like me Kalmus ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāina. Mai ia manawa, ua hana ʻo ia i 14 mau hana kupanaha, ʻehiku o ia mau mea i alakaʻi i ka hopu ʻana.

He mau hiʻohiʻona ʻelua wale nō kēia o kahi hui e ulu mau ana o nā ʻepekema ʻaʻole makemake hou e ʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kā lākou ʻike haʻalulu ma nā huaʻōlelo kūʻokoʻa ma nā pepa a me nā nūpepa. ʻO kahi haʻawina i paʻi ʻia e Fabian Dablander (University of Amsterdam)2 Ua ʻike ʻia he 90 pakeneka o 9.220 mau mea noiʻi i noiʻi ʻia e manaʻoʻiʻo "pono ​​nā hoʻololi kumu i nā ʻōnaehana pilikanaka, politika a me ka hoʻokele waiwai." No ka noiʻi ʻana, ua noiʻi ʻia nā mea noiʻi ma 115 mau ʻāina i paʻi i loko o nā nūpepa ʻepekema ma waena o 2020 a me 2022. Ua hoʻouna ʻia ka noiʻi i 250.000 mau mea kākau. Ua ʻae ka mea kākau noiʻi ʻo Dablander, aia paha kahi kaulike ʻole i ka makemake o nā mea kākau noʻonoʻo politika no ka mea makemake lākou e hoʻopiha i ka nīnau nīnau a hoʻihoʻi. Ua kūkākūkā ka 78 pakeneka o nā mea pane i nā pilikia hoʻololi i waho o kā lākou mau hoa hana. 23 pakeneka i komo i loko o ke kānāwai kū'ē a me 10 pakeneka - kokoke 900 'epekema - i ka hana o ka hoʻolohe kīvila. Ua maopopo kaʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kānakaʻepekema e hana ana i nā pilikia e pili ana i ke aniau a me nā mea noiʻi ma nā aʻo'ē aʻe: ua komo lākou i nā kū'ē he 2,5 manawa o ka nui o nā mea noiʻi aniau. nā mea noiʻi ʻaʻole ka lewa. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea noiʻi e pili ana i ke aniau i ka poʻe i komo i nā hana hoʻolohe ʻole kīwila 4:1.

ʻO kekahi haʻawina e Viktoria Cologna (University of Zurich)3 o 2021 ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo 1.100 ʻepekema ʻepekema, 90 pākēneka i komo i ka lehulehu i nā pilikia aniau ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi, no ka laʻana ma o nā nīnauele paʻi, nā ʻōlelo pōkole no nā mea hoʻoholo a i ʻole ma ka media media. Makaʻu pinepine ka poʻe ʻepekema e nalowale lākou i ka hilinaʻi inā hana lākou i nā ʻōlelo politika. Akā ʻo ke aʻo ʻana a Cologna, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻole, ua ʻike ʻo 70 ka nui o nā Kelemania a me 74 ka nui o nā ʻAmelika e hoʻokipa iā ia i ka wā e kākoʻo ikaika ana nā ʻepekema i nā hana pale i ke aniau.

Kiʻi uhi: Stefan Müller ma o Wikimedia. ʻO CC - ʻO ka mea hana mai Scientist Rebellion, alakaʻi ʻia e nā mākaʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻeha ʻeha ma hope o kahi poloka alahaka..

1 Nature 626, 710-712 (2024) doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00480-3, a i ʻole. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00480-3

2 Dablander, F., Sachisthal, M. & Haslbeck, J. Preprint ma PsyArXiv https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5fqtr (2024).

3 Cologna, V., Knutti, R., Oreskes, N. & Siegrist, M. Kaiapuni. Res. Latvian 16, 024011 (2021).