Litlamorao tsa boemo ba leholimo ba ntoa ea Ukraine: likhase tse ngata joalo ka Netherlands

Ntoa ea Ukraine e bakile lithane tse hakanyetsoang ho limilione tse 100 tsa CO2e likhoeling tse supileng tse qalang. Ho joalo, ka mohlala, Netherlands e ntša ka nako e tšoanang. Lefapha la Tikoloho la Ukraine le hlahisitse lipalo tsena ketsahalong e ka thoko bakeng sa kopano ea maemo a leholimo ea COP27 Sharm el Sheik.1. Boithuto bona bo ile ba qalisoa ke setsebi sa projeke ea boemo ba leholimo le matla sa Madache Lennard de Klerk, ea phetseng le ho sebetsa Ukraine ka nako e telele. O ile a hlahisa merero ea boemo ba leholimo le matla indastering e boima moo, hammoho le Bulgaria le Russia. Baemeli ba lifeme tse 'maloa tsa machaba tsa boeletsi bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea boemo ba leholimo le matla a tsosolositsoeng le moemeli oa Lekala la Tikoloho la Ukraine ba ile ba sebelisana 'moho thutong.2.

Ho ile ha hlahlojoa mesi e bakoang ke metsamao ea baphaphathehi, bora, mello le ho tsosolosoa ha litšebeletso tsa sechaba.

Sefofane: lithane tse limilione tse 1,4 tsa CO2e

Boithuto bona bo qala ka ho hlahloba metsamao ea sefofane e bakiloeng ke ntoa. Palo ea batho ba balehileng sebakeng sa ntoa Ukraine ka bophirimela e hakanyetsoa ho limilione tse 6,2, ’me palo ea ba balehetseng linaheng tse ling ke limillione tse 7,7. Ho ipapisitsoe le libaka tsa ho tloha le moo ho eang teng, ho ka hakanngoa mekhoa ea lipalangoang tse sebelisoang: koloi, terene, libese, lifofane tse khutšoane le tse nkang nako e telele. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea 40 lekholong ea baphaphathehi ba khutletse metseng ea habo bona ka mor’a hore masole a Russia a itokolle. Ka kakaretso, tekanyo ea khase ea sephethephethe ho tloha sefofaneng e hakanngoa ho lithane tse limilione tse 1,4 tsa CO2e.

Mesebetsi ea sesole: lithane tse limilione tse 8,9 tsa CO2e

Mafura ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso ea sesole. Li sebelisetsoa litanka le likoloi tsa lihlomo, lifofane, lipalangoang bakeng sa lithunya, masole, lijo le lisebelisoa tse ling. Empa likoloi tsa sechaba tse kang pholoso le lienjine tsa mollo, libese tse tsamaisang batho, joalo-joalo le tsona li ja mafura. Boitsebiso bo joalo bo thata ho bo fumana esita le nakong ea khotso, re se re sa re letho ka ntoa. Tšebeliso ea sesole sa Russia e ne e hakanngoa ho lithane tse limilione tse 1,5 ho latela lipalangoang tsa mafura ho ea sebakeng sa ntoa. Bangoli ba ile ba bala tšebeliso ea sesole sa Ukraine ho lithane tse limilione tse 0,5. Ba hlalosa phapang ka ho bolela hore lebotho la Ukraine le na le litsela tse khutšoanyane tsa phepelo ho feta bahlaseli le hore ka kakaretso ba sebelisa thepa le likoloi tse bobebe. Kakaretso ea lithane tse limilione tse 2 tsa mafura li bakile mesi ea lithane tse limilione tse 6,37 tsa CO2e.

Tšebeliso ea lithunya e boetse e baka mesi e mengata: nakong ea tlhahiso, nakong ea lipalangoang, ha propellant e chesa ha e thunngoa le ha projectile e phatloha ka tšusumetso. Likhakanyo tsa tšebeliso ea likhetla tsa lithunya li fapana lipakeng tsa 5.000 le 60.000 ka letsatsi. Ho feta 90% ea mesi e hlahisoang ke tlhahiso ea projectiles (seaparo sa tšepe le liqhomane). Ka kakaretso, mesi e tsoang lihlomong e hakanyetsoa ho lithane tse limilione tse 1,2 tsa CO2e.

Mello: lithane tse limilione tse 23,8 tsa CO2e

Lintlha tsa satellite li bonts'a hore na ho na le mello e kae - e bakiloeng ke likhetla, libomo le merafo - e eketsehile libakeng tsa ntoa ha e bapisoa le selemo se fetileng: palo ea mello e nang le sebaka se fetang 1 ha e eketsehile ka makhetlo a 122, sebaka se amehileng 38. - menahane. Mello ea meru e ikarabella bakeng sa boholo ba sena Mello e tsoang ho mollo likhoeling tse supileng tsa pele tsa ntoa e bakile lithane tse limilione tse 23,8 tsa CO2e.

Ho tsosolosoa: lithane tse limilione tse 48,7 tsa CO2e

Boholo ba mesi e bakiloeng ke ntoa e tla tsoa ho aheng bocha meaho e senyehileng ea baahi. Tse ling tsa tsena li se li ntse li etsahala nakong ea ntoa, empa boholo ba kaho bocha e ke ke ea qala ho fihlela ka mor'a hore bora bo fele. Ho tloha qalong ea ntoa, ba boholong Ukraine ba tlaleha timetso e bakiloeng ke bora. Lintlha tse bokelletsoeng ke makala a fapaneng li ile tsa sebetsoa ho ba tlaleho ea Sekolo sa Moruo sa Kyiv ka tšebelisano le sehlopha sa litsebi tse tsoang Banka ea Lefatše.

Tšenyo e ngata e teng lefapheng la matlo (58%). Ho tloha ka la 1 Loetse 2022, matlo a litoropo a 6.153 9.490 a ile a senyeha ’me a 65.847 54.069 a senyeha. Matlo a batho a 2 2 a ile a senyeha ’me a 28,4 2 a senyeha. Kaho e ncha e tla nka lintlha tse ncha tsa 'nete: ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha baahi, ha se litsi tsohle tsa matlo tse tla tsosolosoa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lifolete tsa mehleng ea Soviet li nyane haholo ho latela litekanyetso tsa kajeno. Lifolete tse ncha mohlomong li tla ba kholoanyane. Mokhoa oa hajoale oa ho aha Europe Bochabela le Bohareng o ne o sebelisetsoa ho bala likhase. Tlhahiso ea samente le litene ke mehloli e meholo ea mesi ea CO48,7 e Ncha, thepa ea kaho e sa sebeliseng khabone e ngata haholo e kanna ea fumaneha, empa ka lebaka la tšenyo, boholo ba kaho bo tla etsoa ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea hajoale. Mesi e tsoang ho tsosolosoa ha matlo a matlo a hakanyetsoa ho lithane tse limilione tse XNUMX tsa COXNUMXe, ho tsosolosoa ha mehaho eohle ea sechaba - likolo, lipetlele, mehaho ea setso le lipapali, mehaho ea bolumeli, limela tsa indasteri, mabenkele, likoloi - ho lithane tse limilione tse XNUMX.

Methane e tsoang Nord Stream 1 le 2: lithane tse limilione tse 14,6 tsa CO2e

Bangoli ba boetse ba bala methane e ileng ea phonyoha ha Nord Stream Pipelines e ne e senngoa e le mesi e tsoang mekhatlong ea baphaphathehi, ts'ebetso ea ntoa, mello le kaho bocha. Le hoja ho sa tsejoe hore na ke mang ea entseng tšenyo eo, ho bonahala ho hlakile hore e ne e amana le ntoa ea Ukraine. Methane e phonyohileng e tsamaisana le lithane tse limilione tse 14,6 tsa CO2e.

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Sekoahelo sa foto ka Luaks Johnns mabapi le Pixabay

1 https://seors.unfccc.int/applications/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=U2VUG9IVUZUOLJ3GOC6PKKERKXUO3DYJ , bona hape: https://climateonline.net/2022/11/04/ukraine-cop27/

2 Klerk, Lennard de; Shmurak, Anatolii; Gassan-Zade, Olga; Shlapak, Mykola; Tomolyak, Kyryl; Korthuis, Adriaan (2022): Tšenyo ea Tlelaemete e Bakiloeng ke Ntoa ea Russia Ukraine: Lekala la Tšireletso ea Tikoloho le Lihloliloeng tsa Ukraine. Marang-rang: https://climatefocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ClimateDamageinUkraine.pdf