Pfungwa
Eastern Pacific, Kurume 26, 2023 - Varatidziri veGreenpeace International vakamira murunyararo vakatarisana nengarava yekuBritain yekutsvagisa yeJames Cook mumvura yekumabvazuva kwePacific payaidzoka kubva murwendo rwemavhiki manomwe ichipinda munzvimbo yakatambanudzwa yePacific Ocean yakanangana nekuchera migodhi yegungwa. Mumiriri akakwira padivi pechikepe chaifamba kuti aburitse mureza waiti "Say No to Deep Sea Mining" apo vaviri veIndigenous Māori activists vakashambira pamberi peRRS James Cook, mumwe aine mureza weMaori uye mumwe aine Mureza mumwe wakanyorwa. "Don mine not the Moiana". [1]
“Sezvo makakatanwa ezvematongerwo enyika ari kuwedzera pamusoro pekuti vobvumira kucherwa kwezvicherwa mugungwa here, zvido zvekutengeserana mugungwa zviri kuenderera mberi sekunge chibvumirano chakaitwa. Sokunge kutumira ngarava kwaisava kugumbura zvakakwana kubvumira kuenderera mberi kwekuparadzwa kwemhoteredzo yedu yezvipenyu, kutuka zvine hutsinye kutumira zita remukoroni wePacific ane mukurumbira wakashata. Kwenguva refu vanhu vePacific vakabviswa kubva kune zvisarudzo zvine chekuita nenzvimbo dzedu nemvura. Kunze kwekunge hurumende dzamisa indasitiri iyi kubva, mazuva akasviba enhoroondo anozvidzokorora. Isu tinoramba ramangwana rine migodhi yakadzika-gungwa", akadaro James Hita, muratidziri weMāori uye mutungamiri wePacific weGreenpeace International yekuchera migodhi yegungwa.
Nhume kubva kuhurumende dzepasi rose dzaungana paInternational Seabed Authority (ISA) muKingston, Jamaica kuti vaone kana indasitiri inoparadza iyi. inogona kuwana mwenje wegirini gore rino [2]. Zvichakadaro, kambani yemigodhi yepakadzika-gungwa yeUK Seabed Resources iri kushandisa RRS James Cook's expedition - inotsigirwa nemari yeruzhinji kubva kuUK - kutora mamwe matanho ekutanga bvunzo dzemigodhi nhaurirano dzisati dzapera [3].
RRS James Cook expedition, inozivikanwa seSmartex (Seabed Mining And Resilience To Experimental Impact) [3], inotungamirirwa muUK neNatural Environment Research Council (NERC) nevabatsiri vakaita se Natural History Museum, British Geological Survey uye JNCC. uye akati wandei eBritish mayunivhesiti anopihwa mari pachena. Iyo UK inotsigira dzimwe dzenzvimbo hombe dzekutsvagisa migodhi yegungwa, 133.000 km yakavharwa yePacific Ocean.
Masayendisiti anopfuura mazana manomwe kubva kunyika makumi mana neina akatokunda indasitiri iyi kusaina Tsamba yakavhurika inoda kumbomira. “Zvipenyu zvemugungwa uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zviri kuderera uye haisi nguva yakakodzera yekutanga kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri mugungwa rakadzika. Kumisikidzwa kunodiwa kuti atipe nguva yekunyatsonzwisisa zvinogona kuitika mukucherwa kwemvura yakadzika-mugungwa kuitira kuti tiite sarudzo yekuti toenderera mberi here. Ini pachangu, handichavimbi nevatungamiriri veISA kuita sarudzo iyi uye zviri pachena kuti vanhu vashoma, vachisundwa nehupfumi, vakakanganisa hurongwa hunofanira kumiririra zvido zvevanhu vese. akadaro Alex Rogers, Purofesa weBiology paOxford University uye Director weSainzi paREV Ocean.
Rwendo rweSmartex rwakashanyira imwe yenzvimbo idzi dzine marezenisi ekuongorora uye vakadzokera kunzvimbo dzakaitwa bvunzo dzekutanga muna 1979 kuti vatarise mhedzisiro yenguva refu yemugodhi. Greenpeace International iri kukumbira kuti data rese pamusoro pekukanganiswa kwemugodhi wepasi pegungwa pane ecosystem makore makumi mana nemana apfuura riwanikwe kuzivisa hurumende mugakava pamusangano weISA urikuenderera mberi.
Kambani yemugodhi wegungwa rakadzika UK Seabed Resources ishamwari yepurojekiti yeSmartex uye webhusaiti yekambani yevabereki inotaura kuti rwendo urwu "chikamu chinotevera chepurogiramu yayo yekuongorora” – zvichiita kuti ive danho rinodiwa pakuedza bvunzo dzemigodhi dzakarongwa neKambani gare gare gore rino [4] [5].
Ino haisi nguva yekutanga kuti kunetseka kusimudzwe pamisangano yeISA pamusoro pekusiyanisa pakati petsvakurudzo ine chinangwa chekuvandudza kunzwisisa kwevanhu kwegungwa rakadzika uye mabasa ekuongorora kuchera migodhi yegungwa rakadzika. A Tsamba yakasainwa nemasayendisiti makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe emugungwayakataurwa pamusangano weISA wapfuura, yakati: “Nzvimbo yepasi pegungwa ndeyedu tose. Tinoziva ropafadzo uye basa rekudzidza maitiro emvura yakadzika kuitira ruzivo rwevanhu. Tsvagiridzo yesainzi kuti unzwisise mashandiro akadzika-mugungwa ecosystem uye kutsigira kwakakosha maitiro akasiyana nezviitiko zvakaitwa pasi pezvibvumirano zvekuongorora zvakapihwa neInternational Seabed Authority.
Nhaurirano pamusangano weISA dzinogara kusvika Kurume 31st. MaDiplomats kubva svondo rapfuura akapomera mukuru weISA, Michael Lodge, nekurasikirwa nerusarura rwunodiwa nechinzvimbo chake Und Kupindira mukuita sarudzo dzehurumende paISA mhanyisa kuchera.
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Mashoko
[1] Kune vanhu vePacific, kunyanya muTe Ao Māori ngano, Moana inotenderedza makungwa kubva kumadziva ane matombo asina kudzika kusvika pakadzika pemakungwa. Moiana ndiyo gungwa. Uye mukuita kudaro, inotaura kune hukama hwemukati hune vanhu vese vePacific vane Moana.
[2] 31 zvibvumirano zvekuongorora kushanda kwemugodhi wemvura wakadzika-mugungwa, unofukidza anopfuura miriyoni imwe masikweya kilometa epasi pegungwa, zvakapihwa neInternational Seabed Authority (ISA). Nyika dzakapfuma dzinotonga kudzika kwemigodhi yegungwa uye inotsigira gumi nemasere emakumi matatu nemarezenisi ekuongorora. China inobata zvimwe zvibvumirano zvishanu, zvichireva kuti chikamu chimwe chete muzvina chezvibvumirano zvekuongorora zvinobatwa nenyika dzichiri kusimukira. Hapana nyika yemuAfrica inotsigira kuongororwa kwezvicherwa zvegungwa uye Cuba chete kubva mudunhu reLatin America inotsigira rezinesi sechikamu chemubatanidzwa nemarudzi mashanu eEurope.
[3] Rwendo urwu chikamu chechirongwa chekuongorora cheBritish deep sea mining company, maererano newebsite yekambani, ne kambani 2020 pfupiso yezvakatipoteredza mushumo Ruzivo rwekubatanidzwa kweUK Seabed Zviwanikwa muSmartex kubva pakuvambwa uye kutaura nezve "kuzvipira kwakakosha" kwekambani kuchirongwa ichi. Chishuwo cheKambani chekubva kubva mukutsvagisa kuenda kune chekushandisa chinoratidzwa muUK Seabed Resources report zvinodiwa neveruzhinji kuti hurumende dzibvumire migodhi yepasi pegungwa nekukurumidza. Vashandi vaviri veUK Seabed Resources, kusanganisira Director vayo Christopher Willams, vari yakanyorwa sechikamu chechikwata chechirongwa cheSmartex. Ava vamiriri vemakambani emigodhi vakapindawo munhaurirano dzeInternational Seabed Authority sechikamu chenhumwa yeHurumende yeUK (Steve Persall muna 2018Christopher Williams kakawanda, zvisinei yekupedzisira munaNovember 2022). Rwendo urwu runovhura nzira yekuti kambani yeBritish yakadzika-gungwa migodhi yekuyedza michina yemigodhi gare gare muna 2023. rwendo rwekutevera rwakarongwa muna 2024 mushure mebvunzo dzemigodhi
[4] UKSR akatsanangura shanduko yayo ichangoburwa yevaridzi sechikamu chekuchinja kubva kumabasa ekuongorora "kuenda kunzira inovimbika yekushandiswa," kunyangwe sarudzo yekuvhura gungwa kuenda kumigodhi iri kuhurumende. Loke, kambani yeNorway inotenga UKSR, yakatsanangura danho se "kuenderera kwechisikigo kwekubatana kwakasimba kwakasimba pakati peUK neNorway muindasitiri yemafuta negasi".
[5] UKSR yaive, kusvika munguva pfupi yapfuura, yeUK ruoko rwekambani yeUS Lockheed Martin. Musi waKurume 16, Loke Marine Minerals yakazivisa kutorwa kweUKSR. Sachigaro weLoke Hans Olav Hide akadaro Reuters: "Tine mvumo yeHurumende yeUK… Chinangwa chedu ndechekutanga kugadzira kubva muna 2030."
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Mifananidzo: Greenpeace
