Aia i hea ke kūlanakauhale huakaʻi?

"E like me ke ʻano o ka pale i kū i ka globalization, i kēia mau makahiki i hala ka holo ma nā wahi, i hoʻāʻo nui a ake aʻe e wehe aʻe i ko lākou kumu."
ʻO Harry Gatterer, Zukunftsinstitut Wina

ʻO ia - i kahi kau kau - ka nohona o kahi kaiāulu haole, nā loina a me ka moʻomeheu e huakaʻi ai ke kūlanakauhale i ke ʻano o lākou: ka bapetizo ʻana i loko o kahi honua kamaʻāina a ʻike ʻole ʻia paha. ʻO ka ʻike malihini. A ʻoiai ʻo ka pāpāho, globalisation a me nā pūnaewele lawe honua, he kipa ʻokoʻa nā kipa ʻana i nā metropolises kahe: ola nā kūlanakauhale o kēia manawa, hoʻololi mau, a hoʻoponopono hou iā lākou iho.

ʻO nā kūlanakauhale o luna

Hoʻopaʻa ka hui kāleka hōʻaiʻē ʻo Master Card i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā kūlanakauhale ʻo nā mākēnē o kēia manawa no nā malihini kipa ʻē aʻe a puni ka honua - a hoʻonohonoho i nā kūlanakauhale e like me ko lākou hiki ʻana mai. Ma ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe 2016, ua haʻalele ʻo Bangkok i nā poʻe āpau - me 21.5 miliona mau malihini kipa, ma mua o Ladana (19,9 miliona) a me Paris (18 miliona). ʻO ka pīhoihoi nui loa ʻo ka lele ʻana o Dubai ma ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe me 15.3 miliona mau malihini kipa, ma mua o New York (12.8 miliona), Singapore (12.1 miliona), Kuala Lumpur (12 miliona), Istanbul (11.9 miliona), Tokyo (11.7 miliona) .) a me kahi 10 ma Seoul me 10.2 miliona mau mākaʻikaʻi.
Akā, i loko o ka hoʻokēʻai Lane lōʻihi lā loa okoa, he mea lahaʻole no mākou lakikū Maui. Osaka like i pili i ka ulu ikaika loa ma ka hoʻonohonoho 'malihini e 24,2 pakeneka, Customer helu mahuahua ma luna o na makahiki ehiku, hope. Nā Time] ike hou ma mua o nā mea kū Maui (o ka papa, o ka manao i ka 'oihana kipa nā): Chengdu (20.1 pakeneka), Abu Dhabi (19.8 pakeneka), (19.6 pakeneka) (18.5 pakeneka) colombo (16.5 pakeneka), Tokyo, Riyadh, Taipei (14.5 pakeneka), Xiguan (14.2 pakeneka), Tehran (13 pakeneka), a Xiamen (12,9 pakeneka).

Eia kekahi, ke nānā nei nā kūlanakauhale he nui i kēia manawa i ka hoʻololi, e hōʻoluʻolu ana i nā mea. Ke ulu nui nei kekahi poʻe i nā megacities, e like me ka mea ma Laos a i Nigeria paha. Ma India a iā China paha, ma kahi ʻē, ua kokoke kēia manawa e hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia, a ke loli nei nā kūlanakauhale i nā wahi e noho ana ma muli o kahi pae pōmaikaʻi. "ʻO ke kuʻuna ke kahua o ka honua. Me ke ʻano o ke ʻano hoʻi i ka honua, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ke holo ʻana ma nā wahi, i hoʻāʻo nui a ake aʻe e wehe i ko lākou ʻano, ka mea, "wahi a ka mea noiʻi ʻo Harry Gatterer o ka Zukunftsinstitut Vienna.

Kālā ma nā wahi EU

ʻO 30 nā wahi mākaʻikaʻi e kipa aku ai, ma nā palena o ka pō pōkole, he ʻeono i Sepania (Canarias, Cataluña, Illes Balears, Andalucía, Komunidad Valenciana a me Komunidad de Madrid), Farani (Île-de-France, Provence-Alpes-Côte dʻAzur, Rhône-Alpes, Languedoc-Roussillon, Aquitaine a me Brittany) a me Italia (Veneto, Tuscany, Lombardia, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio lāua ʻo Provincia autonoma di Bolzano / Bolzano).
Eia kekahi, ʻehā o nā wahi mākaʻikaʻi EU punahele nui, ʻo 30, aia ma Kelemānia (Upper Bavaria, Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern a me Schleswig-Holstein), ʻelua ma Greece (Notio Aigaio a me Kriti) a me Austria (Tyrol a me Salzburg) a hoʻokahi ma Ireland (Southern a me nā Hikina), ʻo Croatia (Jadranska Hrvatska), ke Netherlands (Noord-Holland) a me ke United Kingdom (Inner London).

ʻO nā huakaʻi kipa mua o ke kūlanakauhale

ʻO ka makemake e ʻike i ka mea ʻike ʻole no ka wā lōʻihi he kuʻuna lōʻihi. Ua hoʻomaka i nā haipule mua i ko lākou huakaʻi hele i nā hale haipule. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Renaissance, ua hiki i ka wana o ke kūlanakauhale i hōʻea i kahi kime. Ua hānau ʻia ka huakaʻi hoʻonaʻauao. A hele mākaʻikaʻi hoʻi i nā kūlanakauhale nui i ke ʻano o ke ʻano. Ma ka manawa like, nā hanana koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi e like me ka Council of Trent a i ka ʻ Congresslelo ʻākena o Vienna ua pīhoihoi i ka lehulehu poʻe huakaʻi.

E lilo ana ka huakaʻi

Akā ua lōʻihi ka huakaʻi i kahi lōʻihi no kahi elite waiwai nui. Hoʻokomo wale nō i nā makahiki 1980er ma o ka pōmaikaʻi nui ʻana i ka huakaʻi hoʻomaha huakaʻi. Wahi a ka World Tourism Organization UNWTO, ua loaʻa he 2016 i ka nui o nā mākaʻikaʻi huakaʻi 1,24 e holo nei i ka honua, e waiho ana ma kahi o 1,2 trilyona kālā i kēlā me kēia mau ʻāina hoʻokipa. A holo mau ʻia ka huakaʻi hele. Inā ʻo 1995 he mau kānaka huakaʻi hele a 528, wānana ka UNWTO i nā mākaʻikaʻi nui ma 2030 biliona a puni ka honua no 1,8.
E like me ka mea i koho ʻia ʻo Europe hotspots 2018 e pili ana i nā loina maʻamau e pili ana iā Milan, Prague, Dublin, Edinburgh, Reykjavik, Florence a me Stockholm. Ua hauʻoli hoʻi nā mea hoʻoponopono Option no Barcelona, ​​Berlin, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, Lisbon a me Paris.

ʻO nā wahi 10 kiʻekiʻe ma Austria i ke kauwela

mahope iho o ka noho ana o ka po
ʻO Vienna i ka huina - 1.477.739
ʻO Sankt Kanzian am Klopeiner See (kiʻi) - 498.541
Salzburg - 374.690
ʻO Podersdorf am See - 290.653
ʻO Bad Radkersburg - 289.731
Schladming - 273.557
ʻO Graz - 259.724
ʻO Bad Tatzmannsdorf - 251.803
ʻO Bad Hofgastein - 234.867
Innsbruck - 227.683

ʻO nā wahi 10 kiʻekiʻe ma Austria i ka hoʻoilo

mahope iho o ka noho ana o ka po
ʻO Vienna i ka huina - 1.345.926
Schladming (kiʻi) - 354.900
Salzburg - 328.932
ʻO Bad Hofgastein - 250.986
ʻO Bad Tatzmannsdorf - 245.127
Saalbach-Hinterglemm - 242.209
ʻO Graz - 238.530
ʻO Bad Waltersdorf - 234.994
ʻO Obertauern - 230.955
ʻO Bad Radkersburg - 228.384

Ke hele mau nei

Ma kahi noiʻi e ka WU Institute for International Marketing Management and the Competence Center for Empirical Research Methth o ka WU, ua noiʻi kahi pūnaewele e pili ana i ka nui o ka hōʻoia mau i ka ʻoihana e hoʻolako nei i kahi kuleana no ka poʻe kūʻai aku. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i ke kumuhana o ka hoʻomau e hōʻoia i ua hoʻoholo. ʻO kekahi mea koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ka makemake o ka nohona kūloko pilikino i ka pilikino o ka mea kūʻai: Inā manaʻo ʻia kahi hōʻoia no ka hoʻomau ʻana i mea nui i ka pōʻai o nā hoaaloha a i ʻole ka ʻohana, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā poʻe e koho no nā mea hoʻolimalima huakaʻi. Eia kekahi, kau aku nā mea kūʻai aku i ka waiwai nui ma ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka anuanu i ka wā e hiki mai ai i nā sila. Wahi a ia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā palapala ʻike ʻia ma mua o nā hōʻailona o ka maikaʻi no ka mea e hui pū ana i nā lōʻihi aku, hana a me nā ʻōnaehana maʻalahi.

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