Tub rog emissions - tsis paub ntau npaum li cas

los ntawm Martin Auer

Cov tub rog hauv ntiaj teb tau tso cov pa phem ntau ntawm cov tsev xog paj. Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg paub meej npaum li cas. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem vim tias qhov tseeb thiab cov duab yuav tsum tau muaj los tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv huab cua. Ib kev tshuaj xyuas des Kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab ib puag ncig Observatory Hauv kev koom tes nrog University of Lancaster thiab Durham hauv Great Britain pom tias cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov cai teev tseg hauv cov ntawv cog lus huab cua ntawm Kyoto thiab Paris yog qhov tsis txaus. Tub rog emissions raug tshem tawm meej meej los ntawm 1997 Kyoto raws tu qauv ntawm kev hais kom US. Nws tsuas yog txij li Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Paris xyoo 2015 uas cov tub rog emissions yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub teb chaws cov lus ceeb toom rau UN, tab sis nws yog nyob ntawm cov xeev seb lawv - yeem - qhia lawv cais. Qhov xwm txheej no nyuaj ntxiv los ntawm qhov tseeb tias UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) tau tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm sib txawv ntawm ntau lub xeev nyob ntawm lawv qib kev txhim kho kev lag luam. 43 hauv Cov Ntawv Ntxiv I (Annex kuv) lub teb chaws tau muab cais ua "tsim" (xws li EU lub teb chaws thiab EU nws tus kheej) yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm lawv lub teb chaws emissions txhua xyoo. Tsawg dua "tsim" (Tsis yog-Annex I) lub teb chaws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm txhua plaub xyoos. Qhov no kuj suav nrog ntau lub tebchaws uas muaj kev siv tub rog siab xws li Tuam Tshoj, Is Nrias teb, Saudi Arabia thiab Israel.

Txoj kev tshawb no tau tshuaj xyuas cov lus ceeb toom ntawm cov tub rog lub tsev cog khoom roj emissions raws li UNFCCC rau 2021. Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm IPCC, cov tub rog siv roj yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm raws li qeb 1.A.5. Pawg no suav nrog tag nrho cov emissions los ntawm cov roj uas tsis tau teev tseg rau lwm qhov. Kev xa tawm los ntawm cov chaw nyob ruaj khov yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm hauv qab 1.A.5.a thiab emissions los ntawm cov chaw txawb hauv qab 1.A.5.b, faib rau hauv huab cua tsheb (1.A.5.bi), kev thauj mus los (1.A. .5. b.ii) and "Lwm" (1.A.5.b.iii). Cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm kom sib txawv raws li qhov ua tau, tab sis kev sib sau tau tso cai los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv tub rog.

Zuag qhia tag nrho, raws li kev tshawb fawb, UNFCCC cov ntaub ntawv qhia feem ntau tsis tiav, feem ntau tsis meej thiab tsis tuaj yeem muab piv rau ib leeg vim tias tsis muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws.

Ntawm 41 Annex I lub teb chaws tau tshuaj xyuas (Liechtenstein thiab Iceland tsis tshua muaj kev siv tub rog thiab yog li tsis suav nrog), cov lus ceeb toom ntawm 31 tau muab cais ua qhov qis heev, qhov seem 10 tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas. Kev nkag mus tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau piav qhia tias "kev ncaj ncees" hauv tsib lub tebchaws: Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Norway, Hungary, Luxembourg thiab Cyprus. Hauv lwm lub tebchaws, nws raug cais ua neeg pluag (“ pluag”) lossis pluag heev (“ pluag heev”) (Ntxhuav).

Austria tau tshaj tawm tsis muaj emissions nyob ruaj ruaj thiab 52.000 tons CO2e ntawm mobile emissions. Qhov no yog cais raws li "kev qhia tseem ceeb heev". Kev nkag mus tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab tau ntsuas raws li "tsis zoo" vim tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv tau tshaj tawm.

Lub teb chaws Yelemees tau tshaj tawm txog 411.000 tons ntawm CO2e nyob rau hauv chaw nres tsheb emissions thiab 512.000 tons ntawm CO2e hauv mobile emissions. Qhov no kuj raug cais raws li "kev qhia tseem ceeb heev".

Kev siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv tub rog thiab kev siv roj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov dav hlau, nkoj thiab tsheb hauv av feem ntau pom tias yog qhov ua rau cov tub rog emissions. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb los ntawm EU thiab UK cov tub rog tub rog qhia tau hais tias kev yuav khoom siv tub rog thiab lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog lub luag haujlwm rau feem ntau ntawm emissions. Rau EU lub teb chaws, indirect emissions yog ntau tshaj ob npaug direct emissions kwv yees, rau Tebchaws Askiv 2,6 npaug7. Cov emissions tshwm sim los ntawm kev rho tawm cov khoom siv raw, kev tsim riam phom, lawv siv los ntawm cov tub rog thiab thaum kawg lawv pov tseg. Thiab cov tub rog siv tsis tau tsuas yog riam phom, tab sis ntau yam ntawm lwm yam khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, deb dhau kev tshawb fawb me me tau ua rau cov teebmeem ntawm kev ua tub rog tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov tub rog tsis sib haum xeeb tuaj yeem hloov pauv kev sib raug zoo thiab kev lag luam, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig ncaj qha, ncua lossis tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab ua rau lub teb chaws txuas ntxiv kev siv cov tshuab ua pa phem. Kev tsim kho lub nroog puas tsuaj tuaj yeem tsim ntau lab tons ntawm emissions, los ntawm kev tshem cov pob zeb tawg mus ua cov pob zeb rau cov tsev tshiab. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb kuj feem ntau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam sai ntawm kev ua hav zoov vim cov pej xeem tsis muaj lwm yam kev siv hluav taws xob, piv txwv li kev poob ntawm CO2 dab dej.

Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tau hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav lub hom phiaj kev nyab xeeb Paris yog tias cov tub rog txuas ntxiv ua ntej. Txawm tias NATO tau lees paub tias nws yuav tsum txo nws cov emissions. Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog emissions yuav tsum tau tham txog ntawm COP27 thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis. Raws li thawj kauj ruam, Annex I lub teb chaws yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm lawv cov tub rog emissions. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum yog pob tshab, nkag mus tau, sib txawv thiab ua pov thawj ntawm nws tus kheej. Tsis yog-Annex I lub teb chaws uas muaj kev siv tub rog siab yuav tsum yeem tshaj tawm lawv cov tub rog emissions txhua xyoo.

Cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev cog khoom yog suav los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thoob ntiaj teb siv ntau tshaj plaws, cov Greenhouse Gas (GHG) raws tu qauv, muab faib ua peb pawg lossis "scopes". Kev qhia tub rog yuav tsum ua raws li: Scope 1 ces yog emissions los ntawm cov tub rog ncaj qha tswj los ntawm cov tub rog, Scope 2 yuav tsis ncaj emissions los ntawm tub rog-muas hluav taws xob, cua sov thiab cua txias, Scope 3 yuav suav nrog tag nrho lwm yam indirect emissions raws li los ntawm cov khoom chains los yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tub rog ua haujlwm tom qab muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Txhawm rau qib kev ua si, IPCC yuav tsum hloov kho cov txheej txheem rau kev tshaj tawm cov tub rog emissions.

Txoj kev tshawb no pom zoo tias tsoomfwv yuav tsum tau cog lus rau lawv tus kheej kom txo qis kev ua tub rog. Yuav kom ntseeg tau, cov lus cog tseg no yuav tsum tau teeb tsa lub hom phiaj meej rau cov tub rog uas ua raws li 1,5 ° C lub hom phiaj; lawv yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev tshaj tawm cov txheej txheem uas muaj zog, sib piv, pob tshab thiab txheeb xyuas tus kheej; cov tub rog yuav tsum tau muab lub hom phiaj meej rau kev txuag hluav taws xob, txo kev cia siab ntawm fossil fuels thiab hloov mus rau lub zog tauj dua tshiab; kev lag luam armaments yuav tsum tau sau npe txo cov hom phiaj. Cov no yuav tsum yog cov hom phiaj txo qis tiag tiag thiab tsis yog lub hom phiaj raws li kev them nyiaj. Txoj kev npaj yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem thiab cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm txhua xyoo. Thaum kawg, cov lus nug yuav tsum tau hais txog yuav ua li cas txo qis kev siv tub rog thiab kev xa tub rog thiab txoj cai tswjfwm kev ruaj ntseg feem ntau tuaj yeem pab txo qis emissions. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav cov kev ntsuas huab cua thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, yuav tsum muaj cov peev txheej tsim nyog.