Karin Bornett
Cov lus hais nyob rau hauv cov lus zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, cov duab ntawm cov nyuj zoo siab munching lush nyom ntawm idyllic alpine meadows - cov kws tshaj lij nyiam qhia peb zaj dab neeg ntawm lub neej nyob deb nroog, romantically staged, thaum nws los txog rau zaub mov. Cov khw muag khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov tuam txhab lag luam zoo siab heev los tsom mus rau thaj tsam keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov khoom. Cov neeg siv khoom tau txais nws.
"Muaj ntau cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias muaj kev txaus siab rau cov khoom noj hauv cheeb tsam thiab hais txog cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam uas tau hais tias tau ntes nrog cov organic sib xws nyob rau lub sijhawm no," sau Melissa Sarah Ragger hauv 2018 hauv nws tus master's thesis ntawm lub hom phiaj rau kev yuav hauv cheeb tsam. zaub mov. Vim tias Biomarkt hais txog qhov kev tshawb fawb tsis tau teev tseg los ntawm 2019, uas tau hais tias tau qhia "uas rau cov neeg siv khoom tshawb fawb. Bio thiab sustainability ua si tsawg dua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Austrian keeb kwm thiab regionality ntawm cov zaub mov. "
Regional keeb kwm overrated
Tsis xav tsis thoob: Cov zaub mov los ntawm cheeb tsam nyiam cov duab ntawm cov khoom zoo thiab kev ncaj ncees rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis tas yuav thauj ib nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov khoom lag luam hauv cheeb tsam kuj tau ua lag luam thiab pom tau raws li. Tab sis: puas yog khoom noj los ntawm thaj av ntawd zoo? Hauv xyoo 2007, Agrarmarkt Austria (AMA) tau suav cov pa phem CO2 ntawm cov khoom noj. Grapes los ntawm Chile yog cov neeg txhaum huab cua loj tshaj plaws nrog 7,5 kg ntawm CO2 ib kilo ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov kua los ntawm South Africa hnyav 263 grams, piv rau 22 grams rau Styrian txiv apples.
Txawm li cas los xij, lwm qhov kev suav los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no tseem qhia tau tias tsuas yog qee qhov me me ntawm CO2 tuaj yeem txuag tau tag nrho los ntawm kev ncav cuag cov zaub mov hauv cheeb tsam. Raws li AMA, yog tias txhua tus neeg Austrian hloov ib nrab ntawm lawv cov zaub mov nrog cov khoom lag luam hauv cheeb tsam, 580.000 tons ntawm CO2 yuav raug cawm dim. Qhov ntawd tsuas yog 0,07 tons ntawm ib tus neeg hauv ib xyoos - nrog rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm kaum ib tons, uas tsuas yog meager 0,6 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm txhua xyoo.
Hauv zos tsis yog organic
Ib qho tseem ceeb uas tsis yog feem ntau sib txuas lus: cheeb tsam tsis yog organic. Thaum "organic" raug tswj hwm thiab cov kev cai rau cov khoom lag luam organic tau txhais tau meej, lo lus "lub cheeb tsam" tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv lossis txhais lossis qauv. Yog li peb feem ntau ncav cuag cov khoom lag luam ruaj khov los ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv lub zos nyob sib ze. Tab sis hais tias tus neeg ua liaj ua teb no siv cov kev ua liaj ua teb zoo ib yam - tej zaum txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig uas tseem raug tso cai hauv Austria tshuaj tsuag - Kev ua haujlwm feem ntau tsis meej rau peb.
Cov piv txwv ntawm cov txiv lws suav qhia qhov txawv: cov ntxhia chiv yog siv rau hauv kev cog qoob loo. Kev tsim cov chiv no ib leeg siv ntau lub zog uas, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov txiv lws suav organic los ntawm Sicily qee zaum muaj qhov sib npaug CO2 zoo dua li cov los ntawm cov kev ua liaj ua teb uas tau xa tuaj hauv thaj av hauv cov tsheb me me. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum loj hlob hauv cov tsev cog khoom cua sov hauv Central Europe, CO2 noj feem ntau tua ntau zaus. Raws li tus neeg siv khoom, txawm li cas los xij, koj kuj yuav tsum ntsuas cov khoom ntawm tus kheej. Yog tias koj tsav tsheb ntau tshaj 30 mais ntawm koj tus kheej lub tsheb fossil-fueled mus yuav khoom ntawm lub khw ua liaj ua teb, koj feem ntau cuam tshuam cov huab cua zoo sib npaug.
Kev txhim kho kev lag luam tsis yog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig
Txawm tias tag nrho cov no, cov tub ceev xwm pej xeem txhawb nqa cov khoom noj hauv cheeb tsam. Hauv Austria, piv txwv li, "GenussRegion Österreich" kev lag luam pib tau pib ob peb xyoos dhau los los ntawm Ministry of Life hauv kev koom tes nrog AMA. Txhawm rau kom cov khoom lag luam dais "Austrian Region of Indulgence" daim ntawv lo, cov khoom siv raw yuav tsum yog los ntawm cov cheeb tsam thiab ua tiav kom zoo hauv cheeb tsam. Txawm hais tias cov khoom lag luam los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb los yog organic tsis yog ib qho kev ntsuas. Tsawg kawg nws ua tau Greenpeace tab sis nyob rau hauv 2018 upgraded "Austrian cheeb tsam ntawm Indulgence" zoo cim los ntawm "conditionally trustworthy" mus rau "trustworthy". Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov neeg tuav daim ntawv lo yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj genetic engineering pub kom tiav los ntawm 2020 thiab tsuas yog tso cai siv cov khoom noj hauv cheeb tsam.
Nyob rau theem European, daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom nrog "Protected Geographical Indication" thiab "Protected Designation of Origin" yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom zoo thiab ib qho chaw ntawm lub hauv paus los yog cheeb tsam ntawm keeb kwm yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Qee cov neeg thuam ntseeg tias lub tswv yim ntawm kev muab zaub mov nyob rau qhov luv luv tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb thib ob.
Kev nyab xeeb paub tsis muaj ciam teb
Txawm tias tag nrho kev hlub hauv tsev, ib yam yog qhov tseeb: kev hloov pauv huab cua tsis paub ciam teb. Qhov kawg tab sis tsis kawg, nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias kev noj cov zaub mov txawv teb chaws tsawg kawg txhawb kev ua liaj ua teb organic hauv zos - nyiam dua ua ke nrog Fairtrade foob. Thaum nyob hauv Austria tsawg kawg yog qee qhov kev txhawb siab raug tsim lossis txhawb nqa rau cov liaj teb organic, cov neeg ua lag luam organic * yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm pioneering, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tshiab.
Mus unquestioningly mus rau ib yam khoom los ntawm lub cheeb tsam tuaj yeem yog li counterproductive. Lub tuam tsev lag luam ntawm Denn's Biomarkt tau tso nws zoo li qhov no, raws li lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj kev xav: "Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, ib tus tuaj yeem hais tau tias cheeb tsam ib leeg, sib piv rau cov organic, tsis yog lub tswv yim sustainability. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim khoom noj hauv cheeb tsam tuaj yeem tso nws tus kheej ua lub zog duo ua ke nrog kev ua liaj ua teb organic. Cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv los ua kev txiav txim siab pab thaum mus yuav khoom noj: organic, raws caij nyoog, hauv cheeb tsam - nyiam dua hauv qhov kev txiav txim no. "
REGIONAL hauv NUMBERS
Tshaj li 70 feem pua ntawm cov neeg tshawb fawb yuav khoom noj hauv cheeb tsam ob peb zaug hauv ib hlis. Yuav luag ib nrab hais tias lawv txawm siv cov khoom noj hauv cheeb tsam rau lawv cov khoom noj txhua lub lim tiam. Austria ua tus thawj coj ntawm no nrog thaj tsam 60 feem pua. Lub teb chaws Yelemees ua raws li ntawm 47 feem pua thiab Switzerland nrog thaj tsam 41 feem pua. 34 feem pua ntawm cov neeg tshawb fawb koom nrog kev noj zaub mov hauv cheeb tsam nrog kev cog lus rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, uas kuj suav nrog kev thauj mus los luv. 47 feem pua yuav cia siab tias cov khoom lag luam hauv cheeb tsam tau tsim tawm hauv cov liaj teb tsis pub ntau tshaj 100 mais deb. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 200 mais, qhov kev pom zoo ntawm cov neeg tshawb fawb tau qis dua ntawm 16 feem pua. Tsuas yog 15 feem pua ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb rau cov lus nug ntawm seb cov khoom puas los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb organic.
(Source: Studies los ntawm AT KEARNEY 2013, 2014; quoted in: Melissa Sarah Ragger: "Regional ua ntej organic?")
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
