pono kīvila o

He mea nui nā kuleana kanaka no kā mākou kaiāulu i kēia lā. Akā i ka wehewehe ʻana i kēia mau mea, he paʻakikī ka hapanui o mākou. Akā he aha nā kuleana kanaka? ʻO nā kuleana kanaka nā kuleana e kuleana like ai kēlā me kēia kanaka no kāna kāne.

ulu ana 

I ka makahiki 1948, ua wehewehe nā lālā he 56 o ka United Nations i nā kuleana no ka manawa mua e pono ai nā kānaka āpau o ka honua. ʻO kēia kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka palapala kuleana kanaka kaulana loa "The General Declaration of Human Rights" (UDHR), a ʻo ia nō hoʻi ke kumu no ka pale ʻana i nā pono kanaka kūwaho. Ma mua, ʻo ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā kuleana kanaka he mea wale nō ia o ke kumukānāwai aupuni āpau. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pae honua e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka maluhia ma hope o nā kaua honua ʻelua.

I loko o kēia hoʻolaha, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻatikala he 30, ka mea no ka manawa mua i ka mōʻaukala kanaka e pili ai i kēlā me kēia - me ka nānā ʻole i ka lāhui, ka hoʻomana, ka wahine, ka makahiki, a pēlā aku. ʻO ke kauā a me ke kālepa kauā, ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hōʻike, ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hoʻomana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I ka 1966, ua hoʻolaha pū ka UN i ʻelua mau ʻaelike hou: ʻo ka International Convention on Civil and Political Rights a me ka International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Me ka UDHR hana lākou i ka "International Bill of Human Rights". Hoʻohui ʻia, aia kekahi mau kuʻikahi UN hou aku, e like me ka Geneva Refugee Convention a i ʻole ka Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Nā Ana a me nā hana e pili ana i nā pono kanaka

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kuleana kanaka pākahi mai kēia ʻaelike i 3 mau ana. Hōʻike ka ʻaoʻao mua i nā kūʻokoʻa politika a me nā kūʻokoʻa āpau. ʻO ke ana ʻelua ka ʻona, nohona kanaka a me ka nohona moʻomeheu kanaka. ʻO nā kuleana hui (nā kuleana o nā hui) i ke ʻano ʻekolu.

ʻO ka mea kamaʻilio ʻia kēia mau kuleana kanaka ka mokuʻāina pākahi, ka mea e pili i kekahi mau kuleana. ʻO ka kuleana mua o nā mokuʻāina e mahalo i nā kuleana kanaka, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono nā mokuʻāina e mahalo i nā kuleana kanaka. ʻO ke kuleana e pale aku ke kuleana ʻelua e hōʻike pono i ka ʻāina. Pono ʻoe e pale i ka hana hewa i nā pono kanaka a inā ua hewa mua kekahi, pono ka mokuʻāina e hāʻawi i ka uku. ʻO ke kuleana ʻekolu o nā mokuʻāina e hana i nā kūlana i hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike i nā kuleana kanaka (kuleana kuleana).

Nā lula hou a me nā ʻaelike

Ma waho o nā mokuʻāina, ʻo ka Human Rights Council ma Geneva a me nā NGO he nui (e laʻa me Human Watch Watch) e nānā pono i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kuleana kanaka. Hoʻohana ka Human Rights Watch i ka lehulehu ākea e kau i ka nānā i nā hana hewa kanaka ma kekahi ʻaoʻao a e hoʻokau i ka poʻe hoʻoholo i ka politika i kekahi ʻaoʻao. Ma waho aʻe o nā kuleana kanaka i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma waena o ka honua, aia kekahi mau ʻāpana kuleana kanaka a me nā hui ʻē aʻe, e like me ka European Convention on Human Rights a me ka ʻĀha Hoʻokolokolo ʻEulopa o nā Human Rights, ka Charter Africa of Human Rights a me nā kuleana o nā lāhui a me ka American Convention on Human Rights.

ʻO nā pono kīvila nui nā loina. Inā ʻaʻole lākou, ʻaʻohe kuleana i ke aʻo ʻana, ʻaʻohe kūʻokoʻa o ka haʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomana, ʻaʻohe palekana mai ka hana ʻino, ka hoʻomaʻau a me nā mea hou aku. I loko nō o ka ʻike nui ʻia o nā pono kanaka, hana hewa ʻia a mālama ʻole i nā kuleana kanaka i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoiai i nā ʻāina komohana. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka honua, ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hōʻike ʻana o ia ʻano hana i lawe nui ʻia e nā NGO (ma aneʻi ʻo Amnesty International) a ke hōʻike nei, me ka hoʻokumu ʻia o nā kuleana, pono ka kaohi like o ka mālama ʻana.

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