U-Alexandra Binder
"Impela sibuswa amalobolo."
UFranziska Humbert, u-Oxfam
Noma ngabe kungukuxhashazwa kwezingane emasimini kakhokho, amafektri avuthayo noma imifula enobuthi: Kaningi kakhulu, izinkampani azinacala ngokuthi amabhizinisi abo omhlaba ayithinta kanjani imvelo nabantu. Umthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla ungakushintsha lokho. Kodwa isiphepho esivela emnothweni sishaya ngamandla.
Sidinga ukukhuluma. Futhi lokho phezu kwebha encane yoshokoledi wobisi ngamasenti angama-89, osanda kungena kuwo. Emhlabeni obumbene, kuwumkhiqizo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngemuva kwesiphuzo esincane sikashokoleji umlimi othola kuphela amasenti ayi-6 kwangu-89. Futhi indaba yezingane eziyizigidi ezimbili eNtshonalanga Afrika ezisebenza emasimini e-cocoa ngaphansi kwezimo zokuxhashazwa. Baphatha amasaka asindayo kakhokho, basebenza ngocelemba baphinde bafafaze izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi ngaphandle kwezingubo zokuzivikela.
Vele, lokhu akuvunyelwe. Kepha indlela esukela kubhontshisi wecocoa iya eshalofini lesitolo is cishe ayikwazi ukufundeka. Kuze kube yilapho iphelela eFerrero, eNestlé, eMars & Co, idlula ezandleni zabalimi abancane, izindawo zokuqoqa, osonkontileka abancane bezinkampani ezinkulu nabaprosesa eJalimane naseHolland. Ekugcineni ithi: I-supply chain ayisalandeleki. Uxhaxha lwezinto zikagesi ezifana nomakhalekhukhwini kanye nama-laptops, okokugqoka nokunye ukudla kufana nokukhanya okulinganayo. Ngemuva kwalokhu kunezimayini zeplathinamu, imboni yendwangu, amasimu esundu kawoyela. Futhi bonke badonsela ukunakekelwa ngokuxhashazwa kwabantu, ukusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane nokuthumba umhlaba, okungajeziswa.
Ingabe Kwenziwe Isiqinisekiso?
Lowo umcabango omuhle. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinkampani zendawo zisiqinisekisa ngokuthembekile ukuthi abahlinzeki bazo bahambisana namalungelo abantu, amazinga ezemvelo kanye nokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu. Kepha kukhona futhi: inkinga yokuthengiswa kwempahla. Izinkampani izinkampani zase-Austrian ezithenga kuzo kuvamise ukuba abathengi nabangenisa izinto ngaphakathi. Futhi zingaphezulu nje kokuthengiswayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukuxhashazwa kuqala emuva kakhulu. Ngabe thina njengabathengi sinalo ithonya nhlobo? "Kusha okuncane," kusho ilungu lePhalamende lendawo uPetra Bayr, yena kanye noJulia Herr, abafaka isicelo somthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla ephalamende kuleli ngoMashi. "Kwezinye izindawo kuyenzeka kuthengwe imikhiqizo efanelekile, njengoshokoledi okukhulunywe ngawo," uyanezela, "kodwa ayikho i-laptop efanelekile emakethe."
Esinye isibonelo? Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. “E-EU, isibonelo, i-paraquat yezibulala-zinambuzane ivinjelwe kusukela ngo-2007, kodwa isasetshenziswa emasimini omnqumo womnqumo womhlaba. Amafutha esundu atholakala kumaphesenti angu-50 okudla ezitolo zethu ezinkulu. "
Uma othile ephula amalungelo engxenyeni ekude yomhlaba, azikho izitolo ezinkulu, abakhiqizi noma ezinye izinkampani ezibhekene nomthetho njengamanje. Futhi ukuzilawula ngokuzithandela kusebenza ezimweni ezimbalwa kakhulu, njengoba uKhomishani Wezobulungiswa e-EU uDidier Reynders naye aphawule ngoFebhuwari 2020. Ingxenye yesithathu kuphela yezinkampani ze-EU esezihlolisise ngokucophelela amalungelo abo omhlaba wonke kanye namaketanga okuhlinzeka ngomthelela kwezemvelo. Futhi imizamo yabo ibuye iphele ngabahlinzeki abaqondile, njengoba ucwaningo oluhanjiswe nguReynder lukhombisile.
Umthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla awunakugwenywa
NgoMashi 2021, i-EU nayo yabhekana nodaba lwe-Supply Chain Act. Amalungu ePhalamende laseYurophu amukela "isiphakamiso sabo somthetho sokuphendula nokuzikhandla okufanele kwezinkampani" ngeningi lamaphesenti angama-73. Ngasohlangothini lwase-Austria, noma kunjalo, amalungu ePhalamende e-ÖVP (ngaphandle kuka-Othmar Karas) ahoxa. Bavote ngokumelene. Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, isiphakamiso seKhomishini somthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla e-EU, lokho akuzange kushintshe lutho.
Yonke le nto isheshiswe iqiniso lokuthi ezinye izinhlelo zomthetho wokuthengwa kwezimpahla zase zakhiwe eYurophu. Isidingo sabo ukuthi bacele izinkampani ezingaphandle kweYurophu ukuthi zikhokhele ukulimala kwemvelo nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu. Ngaphezu kwakho konke ezifundazweni lapho ukuxhashazwa kungavunyelwe noma kwenziwa khona. Ngakho-ke okusalungiswa komyalo we-EU kufanele kufike ehlobo futhi kudale ubunzima bezezimali kulabo abaphula umthetho: isb. Ukukhishwa ekuxhasweni isikhashana.
Ukucela usizo ngokumelene nomthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla
Kepha-ke iKhomishini ye-EU ihlehlise okusalungiswa obekunganakwa kakhulu ngabezindaba kwaze kwaba ekwindla. Umbuzo owodwa usobala impela: Ngabe isiphepho esivela emnothweni sasinamandla kakhulu? Isazi saseGermanwatch esibhekele ukusebenza kwezinkampani uCornelia Heydenreich uphawula ngokukhathazeka "ukuthi ngaphezu kukaKhomishani wezobulungiswa e-EU uReynders, ukhomishani we-EU wezimakethe zangaphakathi, uThierry Breton, usanda kuba nesandla kulo mthetho ohlongozwayo."
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi uBreton, ongusomabhizinisi waseFrance, usehlangothini lwezomnotho. UHeydenreich usikhumbuza isimo saseJalimane: "Iqiniso lokuthi uNgqongqoshe Wezomnotho Wombuso naye ubephethe umsebenzi eJalimane kusukela ngehlobo lowe-2020 liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu inqubo yokuthola ukuvumelana - futhi ngokombono wethu kuphinde kwaletha izimfuno zokufuna "Noma kunjalo, ubona okwenzeka e-EU hhayi" njengokubuya emuva ":" Siyazi ukuthi amaphrojekthi wezomthetho ezingeni le-EU abambezelekile kusuka kwezinye izinqubo eziningi zomthetho. "UHeydenreich uphinde wathi iKhomishini ye-EU ufuna ukulinda abone ukuthi uhlaka lomthetho waseJalimane luzobukeka kanjani: namanje akukashiwo ukuvaleliswa. "
Umthetho wokuthengiswa kwempahla eJalimane usamile
Eqinisweni, umthethosivivinywa wokuthengwa kwezimpahla waseJalimane kwakufanele uphasiswe ngoMeyi 20, 2021, kepha wasuswa ohlelweni lweBundestag ngesikhashana nje. (Manje seyamukelwe. Izoqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1, 2023. Nayi i-Federal Law Gazette.) Bekuvele kuvunyelwene. Ukusuka ku-2023, imithetho ethile yokuthengwa kwempahla kufanele isebenze ezinkampanini ezinabasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-3.000 eJalimane (lokho kungu-600). Esinyathelweni sesibili kusuka ku-2024, kufanele futhi bafake izicelo ezinkampanini ezinabasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-1.000 2.900. Lokhu kuzothinta izinkampani ezicishe zibe ngu-XNUMX XNUMX.
Kepha ukwakheka kunobuthakathaka. UFranziska Humbert, I-Oxfam Uyamazi umeluleki wamalungelo ezabasebenzi kanye nesibopho senhlangano yezenhlalakahle: “Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izidingo zokuzikhandla ezifanele zisebenza kuphela ngezigaba.” Ngamanye amagama, kugxilwe futhi kubaphakeli abaqondile. Lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kufanele luhlolwe kuphela ngesisekelo sezinkomba ezinento. Kepha manje, isibonelo, abahlinzeki abaqondile ezitolo ezinkulu baseGerman, lapho kusebenza khona imithetho eqinile yokuphepha emsebenzini. “Ngakho-ke, umthetho usongela ukulahlekelwa yinjongo yawo kuleli phuzu.” Futhi awuhambisani nemigomo eqondisayo ye-UN esebenza kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuphakelwa kwezimpahla. "Futhi iwela ngemuva kwemizamo esivele ikhona yokuzithandela yezinkampani eziningi," kusho uHumbert. “Ngaphezu kwalokho, awukho umthetho womphakathi othi unxeshezelwa. Abasebenzi abakhandlekela ubhanana, uphayinaphu noma amasimu ewayini ukuze bathole ukudla kwethu abasenalo ithuba langempela lokumangalela izindleko ezinkantolo zaseJalimane, ngokwesibonelo ukulimala kwempilo okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi kakhulu. ”Positive? Yiba ukuthi ukuhambisana nemithetho kuhlolwe yisiphathimandla. Ezimweni ngazinye, zingakhokhisa inhlawulo noma zikhiphele ngaphandle izinkampani ezivela kumathenda omphakathi kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu.
Futhi i-Austria?
E-Austria, imikhankaso emibili ikhuthaza ukuhambisana namalungelo abantu namazinga ezemvelo emaketangeni okuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke. Ama-NGO angaphezu kweziyishumi, i-AK ne-ÖGB ngokuhlanganyela bahlaba ikhwelo lokuthi “amalungelo abantu adinga imithetho” emkhankasweni wabo. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni oluhlaza okotshani akafuni ukulandela lolu hlelo lwaseJalimane, kepha ulinde ukubona ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo eBrussels.
Umthetho ofanele wokunikezela
U-Heydenreich uthi esimeni esihle, izinkampani zikhuthazwa ngempumelelo ukuthi zikhombe izingcuphe ezinkulu nezimbi kakhulu zamalungelo abantu kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani lazo, futhi uma kungenzeka ukuzilungisa noma ukuzilungisa. "Kumayelana nokuvimbela, okusho ukuthi, izingozi azenzeki kwasekuqaleni - futhi ngokuvamile azitholakali kubahlinzeki abaqondile, kepha zijula ekuthengisweni kwempahla." Ukwephula umthetho nakho kungafuna amalungelo abo. "Futhi kumele kube khona ukwehliswa komthwalo wobufakazi, empeleni ngisho nokuhlehliswa komthwalo wobufakazi."
KwiLungu lePhalamende lase-Austrian, uBayr, kubalulekile ukuthi kungagcini umthetho ofanele emaqenjini ezinkampani: "Ngisho nezinkampani ezincane zase-Europe ezinabasebenzi abambalwa zingadala ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu emhlabeni jikelele," usho njalo. Esinye sezibonelo yizinkampani ezingenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe: “Imvamisa kuncane kakhulu uma kubhekwa abasebenzi, amalungelo abantu noma umthelela wemvelo wezimpahla abazingenisayo usengaba mkhulu kakhulu.
KuHeidenreich kuyacaca futhi: “Umbhalo waseJalimane ungaba umfutho owengeziwe wenqubo ye-EU futhi awukwazi ukubeka uhlaka lomthethonqubo we-EU 1: 1. Umthethonqubo we-EU kufanele weqe ngalokhu ezindaweni ezibucayi. "Uthi lokho kungenzeka kakhulu eJalimane, naseFrance, lapho umthetho wokuqala wokukhuthala eYurophu ubukhona kusukela ngo-2017:" Ngokubambisana ne-27 EU amazwe angamalungu, singakwazi ukuthi iFrance neJalimane nazo zibe nesifiso sokuvelela ngokwengeziwe ngoba lapho-ke kuzoba nenkundla yokudlala ebizwa ngokuthi esezingeni elifanele phakathi kweYurophu. ”Futhi kuthiwani ngama-lobbyists? “Impela sibuswa amalobolo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuningi, kwesinye isikhathi kuncane, ”kusho umeluleki we-Oxfam uFranziska Humbert omile.
Izifiso zomhlaba wonke zokuthengwa kwempahla
Ku-EU Kusadingidwa ngomthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla ezingeni laseYurophu. Ekwindla i-2021, iKhomishini ye-EU ifuna ukwethula izinhlelo ezihambisanayo zomyalelo wase-Europe. Izincomo zamanje zePhalamende laseYurophu zifisa kakhulu ukwedlula umthetho osalungiswa waseJalimane: Phakathi kokunye, umthethonqubo wezikweletu zomphakathi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezinhlekelele zokuvimbela kunikezwa lonke uchungechunge lwamavelu. I-EU isivele ikhiphe imihlahlandlela ebophezelayo yokuhweba ngokhuni namaminerali ezindaweni ezinodweshu, ezichaza ukukhuthala okufanele ezinkampanini.
Abase-Netherlands waphasisa umthetho omelene nokuphathwa kokuqashwa kwezingane ngoMeyi 2019, ophoqa izinkampani ukuthi zigcine izibopho zokuzinikela maqondana nokuqashwa kwabantwana futhi zihlinzekele izikhalazo kanye nokujeziswa.
France uphasise umthetho wokuzikhandla ngenxa yezinkampani zaseFrance ngoFebhuwari 2017. Umthetho udinga ukuthi izinkampani zikhuthale ngokufanele futhi zikwazi ukushushiswa ngaphansi komthetho womphakathi uma wephula lo mthetho.
EGreat Britain umthetho omelene nezinhlobo zobugqila zesimanje udinga ukubikwa nezinyathelo eziphikisana nokuphoqelelwa.
E-Australia kube nomthetho omelene nobugqila besimanje kusukela ngo-2018.
I-USA bezilokhu zibeka izidingo ezibophezelayo ezinkampanini ezidayisa izinto ezivela ezindaweni ezinodweshu kusukela ngo-2010.
Isimo e-Austria: I-NGO Südwind ifuna imithetho emazingeni ehlukene, kuzwelonke nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ungayisayina lapha: www.swedwind.at/petition
Amalungu e-SPÖ ePhalamende uPetra Bayr noJulia Herr bafaka isicelo somthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla kuMkhandlu Kazwelonke ekuqaleni kukaMashi, nawo okumele ugxile odabeni lwasePhalamende.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
