Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu okuyinkohliso e-Austria

nguMartin Auer

Wonke umuntu uvikela isimo sezulu - kodwa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni awehli. Ngomhla zingama-27.4.2022 kuMbasa, XNUMX, ochwepheshe abathathu bakhuluma ngale nto engaqondakali esithangamini sabezindaba seScientists for Future kanye nenethiwekhi yesayensi i-Discourse. Isiphetho sabo: Kunokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu okungelona iqiniso okuningi e-Austria kunokwangempela .

U-Renate Christ: Izinyathelo zomuntu ngamunye azanele

U-Renate Christ, uNobhala Jikelele we-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) osenesikhathi eside esebenza, uchaze izimo zohlaka lokuvikela isimo sezulu esisebenzayo: Okokuqala: Ukuze kuzinziswe izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi emhlabeni wonke ezingeni elithile, ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kufanele kwehliswe kube inetha. uziro. Uma kungenjalo, izinga lokushisa lizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Ngomgomo ongu-1,5°C, u-ziro uphelele kufanele ufinyelelwe ekuqaleni kwawo-50, ku-2°C okuhlosiwe ekuqaleni kwawo-70. Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa okuncane, ukulungiswa kwezifundo ezincane akwanele, okudingekayo ukuchithwa okunamandla nokuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izindawo futhi kungakhohlwa ukuncipha kwamanye amagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngokuvamile, ukunciphisa amandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuyadingeka, hhayi nje ukwanda kokusebenza kahle. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kanye nokwenyusa amandla okusebenza kufanele kwenzeke ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kafushane, lokhu kusho: ukwanela, ukusebenza kahle kanye namandla avuselelekayo, lezi yizimiso ezintathu eziqondisayo.

Izingozi zicasha "ekutshalweni kwezimali okuxakile", isibonelo amatheminali amakhulu egesi ewuketshezi noma ubhayela wegesi omusha. Enye ingozi "umphumela we-rebound", isibonelo: uma imoto idla uphethiloli omncane, abantu bashayela kaningi nangaphezulu.

Umbiko wokugcina we-IPCC ugcizelela ukuthi izinhloso zesimo sezulu azikwazi ukufezwa ngezinyathelo zomuntu ngamunye, kudingeka indlela ehlelekile, uguquko kuzo zonke izindawo: ingqalasizinda, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, izakhiwo, ukukhiqiza, ezokuthutha, ukusetshenziswa, ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo nokunye.

UKristu ubiza izinqumo zezombusazwe ezicacile kanye nezinhlelo ezididiyelwe, kokubili izinyathelo zokulawula nezomnotho. Idinga kokubili imithetho nezintela. Umqondo kufanele ube: "Gwema, shintsha, thuthukisa". Uchaza ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu esebenzisa isibonelo sokuhamba kwezimoto: Okokuqala, gwema ukuhamba kwezimoto ngokuhlela indawo efanele kanye nedolobha. Okwesibili: Shiftla ezokuthutha zomphakathi noma okunikezwayo kokwabelana futhi okokugcina kuphela, njengento yesithathu, kuza ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe. Kulo mongo, i-e-car, uma inikwa amandla ugesi we-CO2-neutral, inamandla angcono kakhulu okuqeda ikhabhoni ekuthuthweni kwezwe okuhamba ngezimoto. Kodwa akumele sibe nenkohliso yokuthi konke kuzolunga uma sishintshela ku-e-authoring. Okunye okuyinkinga wumkhuba okhona njengamanje emkhakheni we-e-car obheke emazingeni aphezulu kanye namaSUV, oqiniswa uxhaso lwethu. Izimoto ezinkulu ze-e-zimoto zidinga amandla engeziwe ukuze zisebenze futhi zikhiqize, zidinga nezindawo zokupaka ezinkulu, ngakho zisebenzisa umhlaba omningi, futhi ngokuvamile zime endleleni yoshintsho oludingekayo ekuziphatheni.

Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu esingamanga: ama-e-fuels

Ama-E-fuels, okungukuthi amafutha okwenziwa, avame ukukhangiswa esikhundleni samafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ngempikiswano yokuthi angasetshenziswa ezinjinini ezivamile namasistimu okushisa. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwama-e-fuels, kodwa futhi ne-hydrogen, kudinga amandla amaningi uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa okuqondile kukagesi ukuze kusetshenziswe imoto noma iphampu yokushisa, okungukuthi futhi i-multiple of wind turbines, amaphaneli e-PV, izitshalo zamandla kagesi wamanzi. , njll. Kunengozi yokuthi ugesi ophuma ezikhungweni zokuphehla amandla ngamalahle uzosetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ama-e-fuels. Lokhu bekuyokhipha udeveli ngoBelzabule.

Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu mbumbulu: Bio-Fuels

Amafutha e-bio nawo avame ukubhekwa njengenye indlela. Okubalulekile lapha ukukhiqizwa okusimeme, okungukuthi noma ngabe kukhona ukungqubuzana nokukhiqizwa kokudla noma, isibonelo, namalungelo omhlaba wabantu bomdabu. Kufanele futhi uzibuze ukuthi, ngezikhathi zokushoda kokusanhlamvu okubangelwa impi yase-Ukraine, kuyafaneleka yini ukuthi i-biofuel eyenziwe ngokusanhlamvu ingene emathangeni ethu. Ama-E-fuels nama-bio-fuels adlala indima ebalulekile ezindaweni lapho ingekho enye indlela, okungukuthi izimboni ezithile kanye nemikhumbi nezindiza.

Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu okungelona iqiniso: Isinxephezelo se-CO2

Njengesibonelo sokugcina, u-Renate Christ ucaphuna isinxephezelo se-CO2, esidume kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwezindiza kodwa nakwezinye izindawo ezifana ne-e-commerce noma amaphasela e-CO2-neutral. Ngama-euro ambalwa engeziwe ungaxhasa ngezimali iphrojekthi yokuvikela isimo sezulu - ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka - bese ucabanga ukuthi ngale ndlela indiza ngeke idale umonakalo endaweni. Kodwa lokho kungukukhohlisa okukhulu. Isinxephezelo siyadingeka ukuze uthole ingqikithi eyiziro, kodwa amandla okugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nezixazululo zobuchwepheshe alinganiselwe kakhulu. Lokhu “kukhishelwa okungalungile” kuyadingeka kabi ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okunzima ukukugwema okuvela ezindaweni ezibucayi futhi akukwazi ukuqeda ukukhishwa kwegesi okunethezeka.

U-Reinhard Steurer: Siyazikhohlisa

U-Reinhard Steurer, USolwazi Wenqubomgomo Yesimo Sezulu e-BOKU Vienna, uchaze ukuthi simane sizikhohlisa uma sikholelwa ukuthi ukuvikela isimo sezulu sikuthatha njengento ebalulekile, njengabantu ngabanye, kwezombusazwe nakwezebhizinisi. Izinyathelo eziningi aziphathelene nokuxazulula inkinga ngendlela efanele, kodwa zimayelana nokwenza sibonakale noma sizizwe singcono. Umbuzo obalulekile wokuqaphela ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu mbumbulu ukabili: Ingakanani isilinganiso empeleni esikunciphisa ngayo ukungcoliswa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa futhi sisiza ngezinga elingakanani ukuthulisa unembeza womuntu?

Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu okungelona iqiniso: Iholide lase-Caribbean lamahhala e-Sustainable-Lifestyle_Resort

Njengesibonelo, u-Steurer ucaphuna “iholide lase-Caribbean elingenamoto endaweni yokungcebeleka yendlela yokuphila esimeme”. Sihlala sikhetha ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu esingumgunyathi esitolo esikhulu, njengasokhethweni lomkhandlu kazwelonke noma wezwe. Emkhakheni wezepolitiki, kukhulunywa kakhulu ngombukiso kanye nezimpawu. Ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe, sibona umlando weminyaka engamashumi amathathu wenqubomgomo yesimo sezulu empeleni okuwumlando wokukhuphuka kwezinhlekelele zesimo sezulu. I-Paris Agreement, kusho uSteurer, iyisivumelwano esibheke ku-2,7C kuya ku-3C esinelebula engu-1,5C. Naphezu kwazo zonke izingqungquthela nezivumelwano, ijika lokugxilwa kwe-CO2 emkhathini liye lakhuphuka futhi liyakhuphuka. Bekuzothatha okungaphezulu ukwenza ijika, isibonelo iWorld Climate Organisation efana neWorld Trade Organisation, bekungafanele kube nohwebo lwamahhala ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu futhi kufanele ngabe kade sethula amanani entengo yesimo sezulu.

Isikhathi eside, uhlelo lokuhweba nge-EU emissions bekuwukuvikela isimo sezulu mbumbulu kuphela ngoba intengo ye-CO2 yama-euro ayi-10 ibiphansi kakhulu. Okwamanje, ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu esikhohlisayo sekuphenduke ukuvikela isimo sezulu sangempela. Esinye isibonelo ukuthi e-EU, ukushiswa kwemfucuza yepulasitiki kanye nokushiswa kwe-biomass kuthathwa njengamandla avuselelekayo angakhishwanga. Namuhla, izitshalo eziphehla amandla ngamalahle zishisa izinkuni ezivela e-USA ezivela ekugawulweni okucacile.

U-Steurer unxusa izintatheli ukuthi zingalokothi zamukele amazwi epolitiki ngaphandle kokuzihlola. Ngokwesibonelo, uMerkel noKurz bebelokhu bencoma imisebenzi yabo yokuvikela isimo sezulu, kodwa iqiniso elibonakalayo ukuthi iminyaka yokusebenza kukahulumeni yi-CDU kanye ne-ÖVP ayizange ilethe imiphumela ethembekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyayiphika inkinga yesimo sezulu noma uzama ukuyixazulula ngokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu mbumbulu, umphumela uyefana: ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni awehli. Njengamanye amaphalamende aseYurophu, iphalamende lase-Austrian selimemezele isimo esiphuthumayo sezulu. Kodwa iphi inqubomgomo yezimo eziphuthumayo? Ngisho nomthetho wokuvikela isimo sezulu i-Austria ebinawo eminyakeni yamuva awusebenzi neze.

Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu esingamanga: ukungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu ngo-2040

Isivimbeli sokuvikela isimo sezulu esingumgunyathi esikhulu kunazo zonke yinkulumo emayelana nethagethi engu-1,5°C kanye nenkulumo mayelana nokungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu ngo-2040. Lokho kuzwakala kukuhle, kodwa ngokombono wanamuhla lo mgomo awufinyeleleki. Kuze kube manje zonke izinhloso zokunciphisa ukungcola zigejiwe, ngemuva kokuthi ukukhishwa kobhubhane sekubuyele emazingeni angaphambilini, akukaze kwehliswe kusukela ngo-1990. Ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kungasho ukuthi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kumele kuye kuqanda ngo-2030. Lokho kuyinto engenakwenzeka ngepolitiki esiyibonayo. Kufanele uvale amehlo nezindlebe zakho ngempela ukuze ugcine le nganekwane iphila.

Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu mbumbulu: igesi eluhlaza

Ekugcineni, uSteurer ukhuluma ngokuvikeleka kwesimo sezulu esingamanga emnothweni: “Noma nini lapho othile ovela ku-Chamber of Commerce ekutshela okuthile mayelana ‘negesi eluhlaza’, i-hydrogen ezinhlelweni zokushisisa igesi, ezindlini, lokho kungamanga nje.” Sizodinga i-hydrogen ebalulekile. kanye ne-biogas lapho ingekho enye indlela, isibonelo ekuhambeni ngendiza.

Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu okungamanga kungamazwi athi "ukuvikela isimo sezulu ngomqondo ojwayelekile" noma isimangalo seChamber of Commerce sokuvikela isimo sezulu ngokuzithandela, ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa kanye nezindlela zentela. IChamber of Commerce ize izishaye isifuba ngokuthi yaxoxisana ngokuqedwa kwelungelo likadizili.

Abantu abadala babevame ukuxoxela izingane izinganekwane, kusho uSteurer. Lamuhla abantwana be Fridays for Future bachasisela abadala ngobunzima bomumo womkhathi kuthi abadala baxoxelane inganekwane.

AmaGreens nawo asebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu esikhohlisayo, ngokwesibonelo lapho uMnyango Wezemvelo uzishaya isifuba ngokuthi izimpawu ezibekwe i-ASFINAG emigwaqweni yezimoto zenziwe ngokhuni, nalapho kungabonisiwe ngokucacile nangokucacile ukuthi inqubomgomo yamanje ayihlangabezani nemigomo. ngo-2030 no-2040 azitholakali.

Cishe zonke izinyathelo ziqukethe amandla ezinguquko ezinkulu, kodwa futhi namandla okuvikela isimo sezulu. Imayelana nokubona kanye nokwembula ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu okungamanga, ngoba lapho-ke akusasebenzi.

Ulrich Leth: Ukukhishwa kwethrafikhi kuyanda esikhundleni sokuncipha

Ungoti wezokuthutha u-Ulrich Leth uveze ukuthi ukuminyana kwezimoto yikho ikakhulukazi okubangela ukwehla kwesisi esingcolisa umoya. Amaphesenti angu-30 wezinto ezikhishwayo e-Austria zivela kule ndawo. Nakuba ukukhishwa kwegesi yehle kweminye imikhakha, kwehle ngamaphesenti angama-30 kwezokuthutha kule minyaka engama-75 edlule.

Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu esingamanga: izindawo zokupaka ezivumelana nesimo sezulu

Lapha, sihlangabezana nokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu mbumbulu ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, "izindawo zokupaka ezilungele isimo sezulu" zagxilwa kuhlelo lokukhuthazwa kwezindlu lwase-Lower Austrian. Ukuvulwa kwezindawo zokupaka kuhloswe ukulwa nokushisa kwasehlobo. Kuzwakala kukuhle, kodwa inkinga ukuthi indawo yokupaka ngokwayo iwumthombo obaluleke kakhulu wethrafikhi ngoba izindawo zokupaka ziwumthombo nendawo yokugcwala kwezimoto. Inqobo nje uma kunqunyelwe inani elincane lezindawo zokupaka - futhi lokhu kuyinsalela yomthethonqubo weReichsgaragen ku-"Third Reich", lapho umgomo omenyezelwe ukuqhutshwa kwezimoto ezinkulu - inqobo nje uma ukuvulwa kwezindawo zokupaka kuyijazi eliluhlaza kuphela. upende wengqalasizinda ekhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto. Futhi lokho kuzimele ohlotsheni lokushayela kwemoto, ngoba amandla okusabalala kwedolobha lokuhamba kwezimoto nayo yonke imiphumela engemihle njengokusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokusetshenziswa kuhlala kunjalo.

Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu mbumbulu: ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu ngokwakhiwa komgwaqo

Isibonelo esilandelayo sithi “Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu ngokwakhiwa komgwaqo wezimoto”. Lapha umuntu uzwa ukuthi amaphrojekthi afana ne-Lobau Tunnel azokwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwedolobha elivumelana nesimo sezulu. Kodwa imibiko yasekuqaleni ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi le phrojekthi izofaka umfutho ekwandeni kwedolobha futhi idale enye indawo enezindawo zokuthenga kanye nezimakethe ezingochwepheshe emaphethelweni. Uxhaxha lwemigwaqo eyiradial luzolayishwa kakhulu futhi indawo yaseMarchfeld izonqanyulwa. Akukho okushintshile emiphumeleni ebonakalayo, kuphela inkulumo eshintshile.

Yebo, futhi kuwukuvikela okungelona iqiniso kwesimo sezulu uma uzama ukwenza amaphrojekthi akhuthaza ukungcoliswa komoya abonakale evumelana nesimo sezulu: ukuqamba kabusha umgwaqo onguthelawayeka umgwaqo wedolobha akuhlangene nokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu.

Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu okungelona iqiniso: ukuhamba kwezimoto eziwuketshezi

Uvame ukuzwa ukuthi izimoto kufanele zigeleze ukuze kukhishwe isisi esikhipha umoya omncane ngangokunokwenzeka. Kudingeka "amagagasi aluhlaza" angaphakathi kwedolobha noma ukunwetshwa kwemigwaqo ephakathi kwedolobha. Kuthiwa ukuhamba kahle kwezimoto kwenza isimo sezulu sibe ngcono. Kodwa lokho nakho kuyimpikiswano mbumbulu yokuvikela isimo sezulu. Ngoba uma isiminyaminya sezimoto siba uketshezi oluningi, nalo luzobukeka luthandeke, futhi abantu bazoshintsha kwezinye izinto zokuthutha baye emotweni. Kunezibonelo ezanele zalokhu: "i-Tangente" e-Vienna ekuqaleni yayihloselwe ukukhulula imigwaqo engaphakathi kwedolobha, isagcwele ngokweqile naphezu kokunwetshwa okulandelanayo. I-S1, umgwaqo wokusizakala womgwaqo wokusiza, manje isigcwele ngokweqile futhi isikhiqize izinkulungwane zohambo olwengeziwe ngosuku.

Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu okungelona iqiniso: "Indlela yomjikelezo we-Mega iyacasula"

Kungukuvikela futhi kwesimo sezulu esikhohlisayo ukwenza okuncane kakhulu kwento efanele. Uma sibhekisisa kahle, "indlela ye-mega cycle" yeDolobha lase-Vienna iphenduka ilebula eliwumgunyathi. Amakhilomitha angu-17 emizila yamabhayisikili amasha azofika. Kodwa lokho ngokwengxenye kungenxa yengqalasizinda yamabhayisikili enganele, isibonelo ukuthi ukugibela ibhayisikili kuqondiswa emzileni webhasi. Kumakhilomitha ayi-17 amenyezelwe, angaphezulu nje kwamahlanu okuyimizila yamabhayisikili emisha. Izikhala kunethiwekhi yomjikelezo omkhulu waseVienna zingamakhilomitha angama-250. Ngamakhilomitha amahlanu ngonyaka, kusazothatha amashumi ambalwa eminyaka kuze kube khona inethiwekhi eqhubekayo, ehlangene yezindlela zamabhayisikili.

Empeleni kungaba yini ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu emkhakheni wezokuthutha? Ukuhamba kwezimoto kuzomele kube nemingcele kakhulu, ukuze kuphela amabanga azothathwa yimoto lapho kungenakwenzeka nganoma iyiphi enye indlela. Lokhu kusebenza, isibonelo, ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla ezisindayo noma ezimotweni eziphuthumayo.

Ukuphathwa kwendawo yokupaka kuyisibonelo esihle sokuthi ukuvikela isimo sezulu kwangempela kungasebenza kanjani, ngoba empeleni kuqala emthonjeni wezindlela.

Izindlela ezihlukile zemoto kumele zandiswe kakhulu. Izithuthi zomphakathi kumele zibe lula, zishibhile futhi zithembeke kakhulu. Ukuhamba ngezinyawo nokuhamba ngebhayisikili kufanele kukhuthazwe. Kudingeka imigwaqo ebanzi engenazo izithiyo, ukuwela kumele kuphephe kwabahamba ngezinyawo, izindlela zamabhayisikili ziyadingeka kuyo yonke imigwaqo emikhulu. Inkomba yekhwalithi enhle kungaba ukuthi intombazane eneminyaka engu-XNUMX ubudala ingakwazi yini ukugibela ibhayisikili iye esikoleni iyodwa.

Isithombe sekhava: I-Montage ka-Martin Auer