U-Alexandra Binder
UClara Mayer umangalele i-VW. Lesi sishoshovu sesimo sezulu (20) asisesona sodwa esingosomabhizinisi Zoni zesimo sezulu manje enkantolo kuletha. Ingabe ukuya kumajaji aphezulu kungase kuthathe indawo yamademo noma izicelo esikhathini esizayo? Futhi yimuphi umphumela omuhle kakhulu wenqubo enjalo?
“Angivukanga nangelilodwa ilanga ngazizwa ngifuna ukuyomangalela i-VW,” kucacisa uClara Mayer zisuka nje. Kodwa manje sekufanele kube njalo. Naphezu kwenkulumo yabo ethinta inhliziyo emhlanganweni wabo waminyaka yonke kanye nemiboniso eminingi, iqembu lezimoto lisakhiqiza amaphesenti angu-95 izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Manje usefuna ukumkhumula le ngubo ehlala isikhathi eside. Yilwa eceleni kwakhe Greenpeace. Akunjalo ngaphandle kwesizathu: "Kumayelana namalungelo enkululeko ezizukulwane ezizayo. Njengomshisekeli wesimo sezulu osemusha, uClara angakwazi ukuzifunela lokho okungcono kakhulu,” kusho umkhankasi uMarion Tiemann.
Leli yicala lokuqala elinjalo eJalimane. E-USA, umgomo wokubamba iqhaza kwesakhamuzi isikhathi eside uhlanganiswe namakhambi asemthethweni. Sekuvele kunamacala esimo sezulu angaphezu kwe-1.000, kanye negama elilodwa lawo: ukumangalela isimo sezulu. E-Europe, lolu hlobo lwamacala selaziwa isikhashana nje ngoba selubeke ithoni yomthetho wezemvelo isikhathi eside, kusho ummeli uMarkus Gehring. Udaba lwakwa-VW alumethusi uchwepheshe wezomthetho wezemvelo ofundisa eNyuvesi yaseCambridge. Uphinde ahlele izingqungquthela zeCentre of International Sustainable Development Law (CISDL) ukuze acobelelane ngemibono nongoti bokuvikela isimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke.
I-vibe kufanele ilungile
Ukuze uphumelele, udinga imfuneko. “Icala kumele likhombise isimo esijwayelekile emphakathini. Phela, wudaba lokukholisa ijaji ngencazelo eqhubekayo yohlaka olukhona lwezomthetho,” kusho uGehring. Lokhu manje kunjalo ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, hhayi okungenani ngenxa ye NgoLwesihlanu ngekusasa-Movement nolwazi olusha oluningi. Ukuvumelana komphakathi lapha kwathatha cishe iminyaka eyi-15. Ngendlela, ukulinda imithetho akuyona inketho. "Izinkampani kumele ziphendule ngaphambi kokuthi isiShayamthetho sithathe izinyathelo, ezinye zazo zize zicashe."
Ijaji eliphakeme alinakuthatha indawo yesishayamthetho: “Kodwa lingaveza amaphuzu lapho lihluleka khona.” Futhi izikhulu eziphezulu zezomthetho zaseYurophu ngokusobala zifuna ukwenza lokho okwamanje. Basebenzisa imigomo yesikhathi eside yesivumelwano sokuvikela isimo sezulu saseParis ngendlela ebambekayo. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ayinazo zonke izibopho ezibophezelayo. Uma sibala izibonelo ezimbili nje: Ngokwesibonelo, eNgilandi, iNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala yamisa ukunwetshwa kweSikhumulo Sezindiza saseHeathrow, okwakugunyazwe iphalamende. Khonamanjalo, eJalimane, iFederal Constitutional Court yakhipha isinqumo sokuthi uhulumeni kufanele athuthukise umthetho wokuvikela isimo sezulu. Okungukuthi, ukuvikela amalungelo enkululeko ezizukulwaneni ezincane. Lesi sakamuva yisinqumo esibalulekile, futhi mayelana namacala angasese, kusho uGehring: "Izinkantolo eziningi ngeke zisabheka ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu 'njengokusebenza futhi'."
umthetho we-logic
Indaba yokuthi ziyanda izigilamkhuba ezibhekene necala lokumangalelwa ezinkampanini - ngemuva nje kokuba i-VW, BMW kanye neMercedes nazo ziyitholile, yinto entsha, kodwa umphumela wayo ophusile. Kulowo omele i-NGO u-Tiemann kunesinqumo esishintshashintshayo: ngokumelene noShell. E-Hague, inkampani kawoyela, ngokubamba iqhaza kweGreenpeace, yaphoqeleka ukuthi inciphise kakhulu ukukhishwa kwayo kwe-CO2 ngo-2030 kulo nyaka. Umphumela omuhle kakhulu ecaleni le-VW? “Ukube leli qembu beliyeka ukudayisa izimoto ezinenjini evuthayo emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2030 futhi ukukhiqizwa kuzobe kwehle kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.” U-Tiemann wengeza ngokuthi ngisho noma kuhlangatshezwana nengxenye kuphela yezimfuno, icala lingabhekwa njengempumelelo: “Lokho akusho ukuthi. ukwehluleka. Njengomthetho, kuthatha amacala amaningana akhelana komunye nomunye ukuze kwenziwe izinqumo eziphusile kwasekuqaleni".
Ummeli uGehring ulindele isinqumo esidalulayo, njengasecaleni lakwaShell. Futhi lokho kusho? “Leli qembu kumele lithethelele ukuqhubeka nokukhiqizwa kwezinjini ezivuthayo ngaphakathi ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Sengivele ngikubona lokho njengempumelelo.” I-Apropos: Ukuphumelela kwamacala anjalo akuhlelwanga kusengaphambili: “Ngeningi, abahluleli abaziboni besesimweni sokuqonda izincazelo eziqhubekayo zabamangali. Sifunda kabanzi ngamacala anqotshiwe,” kusho ummeli.
Nekusasa?
Ngeke sisadinga ukuya emigwaqweni esikhathini esizayo? Ingabe ngokuzenzakalelayo lisho icala esikhundleni sesicelo? Cha, kusho u-Tiemann, izinhloso zihlukile: "Isicelo asinawo amandla angokomthetho, kodwa ngingasisebenzisa ukukucacisa ukuthi abantu abaningi basekela isicelo sami. Imiboniso inomthelela ekutheni isihloko sibe esibalulekile emphakathini kwasekuqaleni.” Futhi ummeli uGehring? Uthi: “Sesikwazile ukusebenzisana phakathi kwenhlangano yezakhamizi kanye namacala iminyaka engu-30. Cabanga nje ngezinhlelo zezakhamizi, zokuthatha izinyathelo zomthetho lapho kubhekene namaphrojekthi alimaza imvelo njengezindawo zokushiswa kwemfucuza akuyona into entsha."
Okusha, nokho, ukuthi esikhathini esizayo ngisho nezinkampani eziningi ezibanga ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ephezulu kuzodingeka ziphendule ngendlela ezibhekana ngayo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ubani osohlwini? "Ngakolunye uhlangothi umkhakha wezokuthutha, imikhumbi, izindiza, ngakolunye uhlangothi indawo yokukhiqiza amandla amakhulu lapho kulungiswa khona ingilazi, usimende, insimbi kanye nabaphakeli bamandla omphakathi," kusho uGehring. Bese kuba nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu ngokungenzi lutho ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okungaba isisekelo samacala amaningi nakakhulu. “Kufanele uhlakaniphe, kodwa ngokuya ngomthetho kazwelonke kuzohlale kukhona izindawo okuxhumana kuzo. Izinkampani zingenza kahle uma zisebenzisa ukucabanga okungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu ngokushesha.” Futhi uClara Mayer? Usho nje ukuthi: "Leli cala lingesinye isinyathelo sombhikisho."
IZIMBANGELA ZEENZO
"Ukuhluleka Ukunciphisa"
Amacala avela lapho izifundazwe noma izinkampani zehluleka ukukhawulela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Kulokhu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izakhamuzi noma izinhlangano ezizimele zimangalela ohulumeni ukuze kuzuzwe ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kwesimo sezulu. INetherlands inikeza isibonelo esiphumelelayo salokhu: inkantolo ephakeme lapho yakhipha isinqumo esivuna isikhalazo sokuthi ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu okwanele kwephula amalungelo abantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ohulumeni noma ama-NGOs bamangalela abakhiqizi abakhulu be-CO2 ukuze bathole ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwesimo sezulu noma isinxephezelo ngokwehluleka ukuvikela isimo sezulu. Isibonelo, idolobha laseNew York limangalele izinkampani zikawoyela i-BP, Chevron, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil neRoyal Dutch Shell ngokubukela phansi ngamabomu umthwalo wazo wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nokudala umonakalo edolobheni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa necala lomlimi wasePeruvia uSaul Luciano Lliuya, omangalela umphakeli wamandla u-RWE ngosizo lweGreenpeace, okwamanje ethola ukunakwa okukhulu kwabezindaba.
"Ukwehluleka Ukuzijwayeza"
Lokhu kufaka phakathi amacala amayelana nezifunda noma izinkampani ezingazilungiseleli ngokwanele izingozi ezingenakugwemeka (ezingokomzimba) kanye nomonakalo ongase ubangelwe ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Isibonelo salokhu ngabanikazi bezindlu e-Ontario, eCanada, abamangalela uhulumeni ngo-2016 ngokungabavikeli ngokwanele ngokumelene nezikhukhula.
"Ukwehluleka Ukudalula"
Lokhu kumayelana nezinkampani ezinganikezi ulwazi olwanele mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nobungozi obuwumphumela wenkampani, kodwa nakubatshalizimali. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukumangalela abatshalizimali ngokumelene nezinkampani, kodwa futhi namacala ezinkampani ngokwazo ngokumelene nabeluleki bazo, njengama-ejensi wokulinganisa.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
