Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu: Abanxephezeli bathenga amalungelo okungcola embonini

Ukundiza, ukushisa, ukushayela, ukuyothenga. Cishe kukho konke esikwenzayo, sikhiqiza amagesi abamba ukushisa. Lezi ziphehla ukufudumala komhlaba. Noma ubani ofuna ukumelana nalokhu “angavala” ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa ngomnikelo kumaphrojekthi okuthiwa noma angokoqobo okuvikela isimo sezulu. Kodwa eziningi zalokhu okuthiwa izinxephezelo azigcini izithembiso zazo. Isibonelo, akekho owaziyo ukuthi amahlathi akhiqizwa isikhathi esingakanani ngeminikelo eya ku-CO₂-Isinxephezelo kumele sixhaswe. Umthelela weminye imiklamo kwenye indawo "e-Global South" awukwazi ukulawulwa. Yingakho abanye abahlinzeki bekhetha ukusebenzisa iminikelo ukuze bathenge amalungelo okungcola ohlelweni lokuhweba nge-EU emissions bese bewakhipha emakethe. 

Izinkampani zezimboni, abaqhubi bemishini kagesi, izindiza nezinye izinkampani zase-Europe kufanele zithenge amalungelo okungcola ngaphambi kokuthi zifuthe amagesi abamba ukushisa alimaza isimo sezulu emoyeni. Kancane kancane, lesi sibopho sisebenza ezimbonini ezengeziwe. Kusukela ngo-2027 kwakamuva, ngokwezinhlelo ze-EU, izinkampani embonini yezokwakha, ezokuthutha kanye nezokuthutha zomgwaqo, njengabathumeli bempahla, kumele nazo zithole amalungelo anjalo okukhipha umoya. Kancane kancane, lolu hlelo lwe-European Emissions Trading System (ETS) luhlanganisa amaphesenti angaba ngu-70 ayo yonke igesi engcolisa umoya.

Isibonelelo sokukhishwa kwethani elilodwa le-CO₂ njengamanje sibiza ngaphezudlwana kwama-euro angama-90. Ekuqaleni konyaka bebesangu-80. Kuze kube manje, izinkampani zithole ingxenye enkulu yalezi zitifiketi mahhala. Unyaka nonyaka, Ikhomishana ye-EU manje isinikeza ambalwa kulawa malungelo okungcola. Kusukela ngo-2034 ngeke kusaba khona abamahhala. 

Ukuhweba ngezinto ezikhishwayo: imakethe yamalungelo okungcola

Labo abangazisebenzisi lezi zibonelelo ngoba bekhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa amancane bangakwazi ukuwadayisa kabusha. Kanjalo imakethe yamalungelo okungcola isisungule. Uma lezi zitifiketi ziba eqolo, kuba nenzuzo enkulu ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuvikeleni isimo sezulu.

izinhlangano ezinjalo Abaxhasi gxeka ukuthi i-EU ikhiphe amaningi kakhulu kulawa malungelo okungcola. Intengo iphansi kakhulu ukukhuthaza ukushintshela kubuchwepheshe obuvumelana nesimo sezulu. “Thina baseYurophu asisoze safinyelela izinhloso zethu zesimo sezulu ngale ndlela,” kubhala abakwaCompensators kusizindalwazi sabo. 

Kungakho benikeza usizo lokuvikela isimo sezulu: baqoqa iminikelo futhi basebenzise imali ukuthenga amalungelo okungcola, imboni engeke isakwazi ukuwasebenzisa. Ilungu lebhodi lezinxephezelo u-Hendrik Schuldt uthembisa ukuthi la malungelo e-emission "ngeke aphinde abuyele emakethe". Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, inhlangano yakhe yayisithole iminikelo yama-euro angama-835.000, izitifiketi zamathani angaba ngu-12.400 we-CO2. Leli nani liselincane kakhulu ukuthi lingathonya inani elibonakalayo.

Ukwenyusa intengo yokungcoliswa kwesimo sezulu

Uma amalungelo okungcola engeziwe abanxephezeli bahoxa emakethe, inani lentengo likhuphuka ngokushesha. Lokhu kusebenza inqobo nje uma i-EU ingalahli izitifiketi ezintsha emakethe ngentengo ephansi noma mahhala. Nokho, uSchuldt ubheka lokhu njengento engenakwenzeka kakhulu. Phela, i-EU izithatha ngokungathi sína izinhloso zayo zesimo sezulu. Eqinisweni, ngisho namanje, enkingeni yamanje yamandla, imise kuphela ukunyuka kwentengo yezitifiketi, kodwa ayizange ikhiphe noma yiziphi izibonelelo ezengeziwe zamahhala noma ezincishisiwe zokukhishwa kwentengo.

UMichael Pahle usebenza ekuhwebeni kwe-emissions e-Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research PIK. Naye uqinisekiswa umbono wabanxephezeli. Kodwa-ke, abatshalizimali abaningi bezezimali bebezothenga amalungelo okungcola ngo-2021 ukuze bazuze ekukhuphukeni kwamanani entengo. Bebezonyusa amanani entengo kangangoba osopolitiki bafuna ukuletha izitifiketi ezengeziwe emakethe ukuze kwehliswe ukukhuphuka kwentengo. UPahle naye uyayibona le ngozi lapho “abantu abaningi abanentshisekelo yokucabanga bethenga izitifiketi eziningi futhi amanani enyuka kakhulu ngenxa yalokho”.

Bonisa osopolitiki ukuthi sikhokhela ngokuzithandela ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu

UPahle uphinde wancoma indlela yeCompensators ngesinye isizathu: iminikelo ikhombise osopolitiki ukuthi abantu bazimisele ukukhokhela ukuvikeleka kwesimo sezulu okuthe xaxa - futhi lokho naphezu kokukhuphuka kwentengo yamalungelo okukhipha umoya.

Ngaphezu kwezinxephezelo, ezinye izinhlangano nazo zithenga amalungelo okukhipha imali emalini eyiqoqayo: Nokho, iCap2 ayihloselwe abasebenzisi bokugcina, kodwa kubatshalizimali abakhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Laba bangasebenzisa i-Cap2 ukuze "balance" ukukhishwa okubangelwa ama-akhawunti abo ezibambiso ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile.  

Okuhlukile ku- I-Cap2 noma Okwakusasa abanxephezeli basebenza ngokuzithandela enhlanganweni yabo engenzi nzuzo. Bathembisa ukuthi bazosebenzisa amaphesenti angama-98 eminikelo ukuthenga amalungelo okungcola kanye namaphesenti ama-XNUMX kuphela ezindlekweni zokuphatha.

Qaphela: Umbhali wale ndatshana uzuzwe umqondo wabanxephezeli. Ujoyine iqembu.

Masiqhubeke singakwenza kangcono?

Noma ubani ofuna ukwenza okuthile ukuze kuvikelwe isimo sezulu ngale kokugwema, ukunciphisa kanye nokunxephezela angahileleka kumaphrojekthi amaningi. Iminikelo yamukelekile, isibonelo e-ZNU goes Zero from the University of Witten-Herdecke or the IKlimaschutz Plus Foundation. Esikhundleni sesinxephezelo se-CO₂, i-offshoot Climate Fair yayo inikeza ithuba lokukhokha imali ezikhwameni zomphakathi ezikhuthaza amaphrojekthi okonga amandla kanye nokwandiswa "kokuvuselelwa kabusha" eJalimane. Imali engenayo evela kulokhu ibuyela emuva kumaphrojekthi amasha okuvikela isimo sezulu. Abanikelayo banquma ukuthi izimali zisetshenziswa kanjani.