UStefan Tesch
Lo mthethosivivinywa awusebenzi: Ubani one-euro eyodwa, akakwazi ukusebenzisa amabili. Lokho okwaziwa yizo zonke izingane ngemali ephaketheni akusebenzi emhlabeni jikelele. Uyakholelwa emsamo? "USuku Overshoot Day", Sisebenzisa cishe kabili ngonyaka lokho umhlaba wethu ongakukhiqiza kwizinsizakusebenza. Ukhiphe amanoni kanjalo. Lo nyaka sinawo e-2. U-Agasti wasebenzisa umthwalo wethu waminyaka yonke. Futhi manje?
Usuku lwe-Overshoot lungesinye sezinkomba eziningi zokuthi thina bantu asiyiphathi kahle iplanethi yomhlaba. Asimxhaphazi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nathi. Yini okufanele iguquke? Abamele ezinye izindlela zezomnotho bayavuma ukuthi ikusasa kumele libe luhlaza. Inhlalakahle yabantu, izindinganiso zomphakathi kanye nokwehliswa kokungalingani kufanele kube phambili kunamanani angenalutho njengokukhula kwe-GDP. Kunezindlela eziningi zokufika lapho: umnotho oyisiyingi, ukwehla komnotho, ukukhula ngemuva, iBuen Vivir - ukubala nje ezimbalwa.
Umnotho ohlukile wesikhathi esizayo
"Ecommony"
Isazi sezomnotho uFriedrike Habermann simelele lo modeli, i-pun ku "Commons" kanye ne "Umnotho". Isikweletu sabo: ubunikazi esikhundleni sendawo, ngoba impahla isuselwe ngaphandle. Uma ungumnikazi wokuthile, ukhipha abanye ekusebenziseni, noma ngabe ungakudingi njengamanje. Zonke izimpahla kufanele zibe yinzuzo eyodwa, futhi zitholwe ngumuntu ngenkathi zisetshenziswa kuphela. Izikhundla zomsebenzi ku-Ecommony njengo "msebenzi ohlukanisiwe". Abantu kufanele benze ngoba bezwa sengathi badinga okuthile futhi bakubona kunesidingo hhayi ngoba kufanele bathole imali. Imali nohlelo lwentengo lubhalwe ku-ecommony, elizibona njengenye indlela yobungxowankulu.Umnotho Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ngokomqondo kasomabhizinisi waseBelgium uGunter Pauli, izinkampani kuthiwa kufanele zithole izinsiza kusebenza kakhulu ngokulahlwa kukadoti. Ushintsho kulo mnotho oyindilinga kufanele udale emhlabeni wonke umsebenzi we-100 wezigidi zemisebenzi, ongaguqula lonke uhlelo lomnotho.Umnotho WeSteady State
Umnotho awusakhuli ngokomzimba, kepha uyaqhubeka nokukhula ezingeni elisezingeni eliphezulu, elisetshenziswayo lokusetshenziswa. Kulesi modeli, umnotho ugxile ezinhlelweni zemvelo okufinyelelwe imingcele kuwo. Ukwanda okwengeziwe kungaholela ekuxhashazweni okwengeziwe. Isidingo sokuqala sabantu abahlala njalo, ngoba kuze kube manje, ukukhula komnotho kuhlangene kakhulu nokukhula kwesibalo sabantu.I-Buen Vivir, i-Degrowth ne-Co bonke baphishekela izindlela ezifanayo, ezokuthi bandise ubunyoninco obusezingeni lomuntu futhi basebenze ngenkani ekukhuleni kwe-GDP.
Okuhle okuhle esikhundleni se-GDP
Okwedlule ikusasa manje. Noma singekuguqule okwenzekile kuze kube manje. Kepha ukufunda emaphutheni kakhulu. "Impumelelo kwezomnotho okwamanje ayilinganiswa ngezinhloso, kodwa ngezindlela, ikakhulukazi emalini," kusho uChristian Felber. Ungomunye wabamele abaqavile kwezomnotho ojwayelekile (GWÖ) e-Austria. Umgomo wokugcina ukuchuma, ngombono kaFelber okusho ukuthi "ubuhle obujwayelekile". Kuqukethe izinto isithunzi somuntu, ukusimama kwemvelo, ubulungiswa bezenhlalo kanye nokuzibandakanya. Imali kanye nenhlokodolobha kuyindlela esemthethweni yokuphela hhayi izindlela zokuceba.
Kepha linda, akuyona iGreat Domestic Product (GDP) inkomba ethembekile yokulinganiswa kwengcebo? "Cha," kusho uFelber, "ngoba ezezimali azivumeli iziphetho ezethembekile ezintweni zenhlalo nezemvelo." Uma uthatha izitatimende zezezimali zendlela yenkampani, khona-ke iphepha lokulinganisa eliphakeme alibonisi ukuthi inkampani iyayenza yini inkampani inamagugu akwa-GWÖ ngokucebile , I-GWÖ izibona ingeyona imodeli ehlukile, kepha njengokunwebeka kokukhona. Akusho ukuthi amashidi wokulinganisa ajwayelekile kufanele asendaweni, kepha ngokusho kwabamele lo mbono - kuzodingeka ukuthi kwandiswe ukuze kufakwe okuhle okuvamile.
Enye indlela imibiko yokusimamisa. Lokhu sekuvele kutholakala, kepha ezinye izikhundla kusigaba "Greenwashing". Ukuze wethule izinga elijwayelekile, izishoshovu ze-GWÖ zasendaweni zeza nesihloko se-20 izihloko, phakathi kokunye, ezihlola ithonya lenkampani kubahlinzeki, abathengi kanye nabasebenzi.
Futhi lokho kwenzelani inkampani? "Noma ngubani okhuthaza imikhiqizo engcono ngokuziphatha kufanele avuzwe ngomthwalo omncane wentela, isikweletu eshibhile nokubekwa phambili ekuthengweni komphakathi," kusho uFelber. Lokhu kuholela ezimweni zokukhiqiza ezingabizi kakhulu nemishayo yenzuzo ephezulu.
Umqondo omuhle ojwayelekile
Kuthiwani ngezinhlangano ezivela embonini "engcolile"? Inkampani yensimbi i-Voest, ngokwesibonelo, inesibopho sokusebenzisa ugesi wase-Austria futhi ingumnikeli omkhulu we-CO2 ezweni. Le nkampani ingenza kanjani ukuthi kube nokuhlola okuhle ngaphansi kwezimo ze-GWÖ? Lokho kusebenza kuphela ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele. I-GWÖ inikeza amaphuzu amane:
1. Ukuphathwa Kwensiza Yomhlaba Wonke: Ukhiye wokusabalalisa uyadingeka kuyo yonke izinsiza emhlabeni wonke, njengasezingeni le-UN. Kusetshenziswa isibonelo sokukhiqiza insimbi, lokhu kungaba uhlelo oluqondile lokuthi ingakanani insimbi evunyelwe ukukhiqizwa emhlabeni jikelele nhlobo. Ukukhiqizwa kwensalela - njengamanje eChina - okuholela ekulahleni kanye nasekuxhashazweni, bekuzophikiswa.
2. Ukuguqulwa kwentela yemvelo: Insimbi noma okukhishwa lapho kukhiqizwa, okufana nekhabhoni, kudonswa intela ezingeni elifanayo lomhlaba. Lokho kulawula inani.
3. Ishidi lokulinganisa le-Commonwealth: Izinkampani zidinga ukucabanga kabusha futhi zikhiqize ngokwendalo ngokwenziwa okusha. Lokhu kuphumela inzuzo ephezulu ngenxa yentela ephansi.
4. Amandla okuthenga kwemvelo: Izinsizakusebenza zomhlaba zisatshalaliswa kubo bonke abantu ngendlela ye-akhawunti yamaphuzu ngonyaka. Isakhamuzi ngasinye sinamandla wokuthenga wemvelo weminyaka yonke, ngaphezu kwemali yesistimu. Amanani wemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ahamba kahle kuzo zombili "imali". Ukusetshenziswa ngakunye kudla ama-ecopoints ku-akhawunti, ngemikhiqizo engcolisa ikakhulukazi. Uma i-akhawunti iphelelwe amandla, ungathenga okuphephile kakhulu ngokwendalo.
Ukubambisana esikhundleni somncintiswano
Imodeli yezomnotho ojwayelekile ayizibheki njengenye indlela yobungxowankulu, kepha njengokwahluka komdlalo omusha. Esikhundleni sokucabanga okunamandla nokuncintisana, umnotho kufanele ugxile ekubambisaneni.
Ingabe umbono womphakathi wokukhula kwamuva uyisiqalo? Lutho neze. "Izinkampani eziningi ezisimeme sezivele zihamba kancane kulokhu," kuphawula uTristan Horx, umcwaningi we-trend at Isikhungo esizayo, Ukuphathwa ngokuthembekile kwemvelo nokuzibophezela ngokwengeziwe emphakathini kuyizinkomba zalokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnotho owabelana ngawo uyisinyathelo esibheke ekulweni nokukhula.
IMeya yomhlaba
Umnotho usebenza emhlabeni jikelele, kepha sihlala emazweni. "Yingakho osopolitiki bevame ukungabi namandla okuphikisana nezinhlangano zamanye amazwe namaqhinga abo okugwema intela," kusho uHorx. Umbono wakhe, asewushicilele embikweni osanda kushicilelwa we- “Generation Global”, uthi umnotho wasekhaya nowezepolitiki kumele udlule emhlabeni jikelele. Zombili lezi zinhlelo kufanele zifakwe kuwo wonke amazinga.
Kufanele kusebenze kanjani lokhu? Isibonelo yi- "IPhalamende Lezimeya Lomhlaba Wonke". Kusukela ngonyaka ophelile, izimeya ze-61 zithola umhlaba kanye ngonyaka izinsuku ezimbili zokuxoxa, phakathi kokunye, ngomnotho, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokufuduka. Lokhu ukutolika okusha kwegama elithi "glocal" ngoba izimeya zinethonya lendawo lendawo ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukusungula kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu
Lokho umlimi akwaziyo, akadli. Lokhu kunemiphumela ebulalayo ngesikhathi lapho izimo ziguquka ngokushesha nangokushesha. Amasu obuchwepheshe adlula ukucabanga kwesizukulwane esidala. "Ungesabi okuthile okusha", kusho uRené Massatti njengesazi sezenhlalo njengesisekelo sezenhlalo sokwenza imodeli yezomnotho esebenza kangcono. "Ushintsho olungaguquki kumele lugxiliswe ezingqondweni zabantu". Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho amakhono amukelwe amukelwe futhi asetshenziswe ngokunenjongo. Ukungalingani kwezenhlalo nedijithali kuyehla. Ngokunjalo-ke, iMassatti icela ohulumeni ukuthi: "Amasu amasha kumele kube yindaba kubaqashi hhayi ezandleni zezinkampani ezinkulu," kusho uMassatti.
Ubuchwepheshe bokubaluleka kwempembelelo
Ubuchwepheshe obusha buzoshintsha umnotho nempilo. Nazi ezintathu zobuchwepheshe obukhulu besikhathi esizayo.
Ubuhlakani bezokwakha
Yize usuku lolo luhlehlisiwe kaninginingi, kepha umbono ongasho lutho uthi kuze kube yilapho umuntu we-2045 ezenzela ngokwakhe. Yithi: ubuhlakani bokufakelwa (i-AI) bungakwazi ukudala ubuhlakani bokufakelwa (AI), umuntu abe "engelutho". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ukusebenza kwe-AI kuzodlula okomuntu, ngakho-ke umbono okungenani wase-US umbono kaRay Kurzweil.
Ukuqagela okunjalo kufanele kuphathwe ngokucophelela. Yini engaqinisekile, noma kunjalo, ukuthi i-AI izoba nethonya elikhulu kakhulu ekusaseni lethu. Amasistimu azoletha ukusebenza kwengqondo, ngakho-ke zicabange wena bese uziphumela ngokuzimela. Futhi thina bantu senzani lapho? Umcwaningi we-Trend uHorx ubona okushiwo inqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ekubuyiseleni imisebenzi eyisicefe. "Kuyiphutha ukucabanga ukuthi kumele sesabe ukuthi singasebenzi ngenxa yalokhu". Into eyodwa iqinisekile, i-AI neRobotic izosusa imisebenzi. Kepha "imfundo kumele iguquke ukuze abantu benze imisebenzi engeke yenziwe yimishini," kubeka uRené Massatti onguchwepheshe wekusasa. Amandla omuntu ukungalindeleki kwemisebenzi yakhe, okungukuthi ubuhlakani. Abantu bayohlala bedinga izixazululo zokudala futhi kuyangabazeka ukuthi empeleni bangathathelwa phezulu yi-KI.Blockchain
Ngenkathi ukufakwa kwamadijithali okwamanje kuhluma izinkampani ezinjenge-Airbnb ne-Uber futhi kuzenze zibe yizigidigidi zamaRandi kungakapheli iminyaka embalwa, iBlockchain isingahlanze maduze. Ngokwe-theoretically, lobu buchwepheshe kungekudala buzodinga ukuthi kube nesiteji esinjenge-Airbnb ukuletha imibhede yamahhala nezivakashi. "IBlockchain ithathwa njengephazamisa ukuphazamisa ukusebenza," kusho uMassatti. Isiphetho sakhe: "Lokhu kuzoba ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe kwe-capitalism yesikhulumi."Bioengineering
Umuntu uzokwazi ukuzikhulisa ngokusebenzisa i-bionengineering, ngokwesibonelo, ukukwazi ukubolekisa amandla angaphezu kwawemvelo noma impilo yaphakade. Uhlobo oluqondile ukuphulukiswa kokuqina komzimba, njengama-exoskeletons. Umthelela ongemuhle ngumphakathi onezigaba ezimbili, ngoba ngabacebile kuphela abangakwazi ukuguqula umzimba. Bese kuba nombuzo omkhulu wokuziphatha wokuthi abantu bangashintshwa kanjani ngamabomu.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
