UKarin Bornett
Iziqubulo ngolimi lwesigodi olumnandi kakhulu, izithombe zezinkomo ezisuthisekile ezidla utshani obuluhlaza ezimfundeni ezinhle ze-alpine - uma kuziwa ekudleni, ochwepheshe bezokukhangisa bathanda ukusixoxela indaba yempilo yasemaphandleni, ezidlalwa ngothando. Abathengisi begrosa nabakhiqizi bajabule kakhulu ukugxila kumsuka wesifunda wemikhiqizo yabo. Abathengi bayayibamba.
"Izifundo eziningi zikhombisa ukwanda okukhulu kwentshisekelo yokudla kwesifunda futhi zikhuluma ngenkambiso yesifunda okuthiwa ibambe iqhaza kulo mkhuba wezinto eziphilayo njengamanje," kubhala uMelissa Sarah Ragger ngonyaka ka-2018 ku-thesis yenkosi yakhe ngezisusa zokuthenga isifunda. ukudla. Ngoba i-Biomarkt's icaphuna ucwaningo olungashiwongo lwango-2019, okuthiwa lukhombisile "ukuthi kubathengi abahloliwe Bio nokusimama kudlala indima encane kunemvelaphi yase-Austrian kanye nesifunda sokudla.”
Umsuka wesifunda weqiwe
Akumangalisi: Ukudla okuvela esifundeni kujabulela isithombe sekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezimo zokukhiqiza ezifanele kubantu nezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akudingeki ukuthi zihanjiswe phakathi nendawo emhlabeni. Imikhiqizo yesifunda nayo iyamakethwa futhi ibonwa ngokufanele. Kodwa: ingabe ukudla okuvela esifundeni kuhle kangako? Ngo-2007, i-Agrarmarkt Austria (AMA) yabala ukungcoliswa kwe-CO2 kokudla ngakunye. Amagilebhisi avela e-Chile yiwona awoni kakhulu isimo sezulu ane-7,5 kg ye-CO2 ngekhilo ngalinye lesithelo. I-aphula laseNingizimu Afrika linesisindo esingamagremu angu-263, uma liqhathaniswa namagremu angu-22 ehhabhula laseStyrian.
Kodwa-ke, esinye isibalo esivela kulolu cwaningo siphinde sibonise ukuthi inani elincane kuphela le-CO2 lingasindiswa jikelele ngokufinyelela ekudleni kwesifunda. Ngokusho kwe-AMA, uma bonke abantu base-Austrian beshintsha ingxenye yokudla kwabo ngemikhiqizo yesifunda, amathani angama-580.000 we-CO2 angasindiswa. Lokho kungamathani angu-0,07 kuphela ngomuntu ngamunye ngonyaka - ngokukhipha okumaphakathi kwamathani ayishumi nanye, lokho kungamaphesenti amancane angu-0,6 wesamba esiphelele sonyaka.
Indawo akuyona into ephilayo
Isici esibalulekile okungavamisile ukuthi kukhulunywe ngaso: isifunda asiyona into ephilayo. Nakuba "i-organic" ilawulwa ngokusemthethweni futhi izidingo zemikhiqizo ye-organic zichazwe kahle, igama elithi "regional" alivikelwe futhi alichazwanga noma lilinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke sivame ukuthola imikhiqizo okuthiwa isimeme evela kubalimi basesigodini esingumakhelwane. Kodwa ukuthi lo mlimi usebenzisa ezolimo ezijwayelekile - mhlawumbe nalezo ezilimaza imvelo ezisavunyelwe e-Austria fafaza – ukusebenza ngokuvamile akucaci kithi.
Isibonelo sikatamatisi sibonisa umehluko: umanyolo wamaminerali asetshenziselwa ukulima okuvamile. Ukukhiqizwa kwalezi zivundisi kukodwa kudla amandla amaningi kangangokuthi, ngokusho kochwepheshe, utamatisi wemvelo ovela eSicily ngezinye izikhathi unokulinganisela okungcono kwe-CO2 kunaleyo evela kwezolimo ezivamile ezithunyelwa ngaphakathi kwesifunda ngamaveni amancane. Ikakhulukazi lapho ukhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezishisayo e-Central Europe, ukusetshenziswa kwe-CO2 kuvame ukuhluma izikhathi eziningi. Njengomthengi, nokho, kufanele futhi ulinganise izinto ngomuntu ngamunye. Uma ushayela amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-30 ngemoto yakho ephehlwa izinto ezimbiwa phansi ukuze uyothenga esitolo sasepulazini, ngokuvamile uphonsa ibhalansi enhle yesimo sezulu phezu komkhumbi.
Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho esikhundleni sokuvikelwa kwemvelo
Naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zici, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni zikhuthaza ukuthengwa kokudla kwesifunda. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Austria, umkhankaso wokumaketha we-“GenussRegion Österreich” waqalwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule uMnyango Wezempilo ngokubambisana ne-AMA. Ukuze umkhiqizo ube nelebula "yesifunda sase-Austrian of Indulgence", izinto ezingavuthiwe kufanele zisuke endaweni efanele futhi zicutshungulwe zibe sezingeni eliphezulu esifundeni. Ukuthi umkhiqizo uvela ekulimeni okuvamile noma okuphilayo akukaze kube umbandela. Okungenani bekungenzeka Greenpeace kodwa ngo-2018 kuthuthukiswe uphawu lwekhwalithi "lwesifunda sase-Austrian of Indulgence" ukusuka kokuthi "ukwethembeka ngokombandela" kuya "kuthembekile". Ngaleso sikhathi kwamenyezelwa ukuthi abaphethe ilebula kuzomele bagweme ukusebenzisa ukudla okwenziwe ngolibofuzo ngokuphelele ngo-2020 futhi bazovunyelwa kuphela ukusebenzisa ukudla kwesifunda.
Ezingeni laseYurophu, ukuqinisekiswa kwemikhiqizo ene-"Protected Geographical Indication" kanye "Negama Elivikelwe Lomsuka" kubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ukuvikelwa kwezinto ezikhethekile ngesixhumanisi phakathi kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nendawo engaziwa yendabuko noma indawo yendabuko kungaphambili. Abanye abagxeki bakholelwa ukuthi umbono wokunikeza ukudla ezindaweni ezikude awubalulekile ngisho nangokwesibili.
Isimo sezulu asinamingcele
Naphezu kwakho konke ukuthanda ikhaya, into eyodwa icacile: ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu awazi imingcele. Okokugcina, kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwemvelo okuvela kwamanye amazwe kuqinisa ukulima kwendawo - okungcono kakhulu kuhlanganiswe ne-Fairtrade seal. Ngenkathi use-Austria okungenani izikhuthazo ezithile ziyadalwa noma kunikezwa ukusekelwa kwamapulazi aphilayo, osomabhizinisi abazibophezele bezinto eziphilayo* kufanele benze umsebenzi wokuphayona, ikakhulukazi emazweni asafufusa.
Ukuya ngokungangabazeki emkhiqizweni ovela esifundeni kungaba nomthelela omubi. Umnyango wezokumaketha weDenn's Biomarkt ukubeka kanje, ngokuhambisana nesikole somcabango esikhona: "Kafushane, umuntu angasho ukuthi indawo yodwa, ngokungafani ne-organic, akuwona umqondo wokusimama. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwesifunda kungazibeka njengeqembu eliqinile kanye nezolimo eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa njengosizo lokwenza izinqumo lapho uthenga igilosa: i-organic, isizini, isifunda - okungcono kakhulu ngale ndlela."
IZIFUNDA NGEZINBALO
Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-70 alabo abahlolwa bathenga igrosa yesifunda izikhathi eziningana ngenyanga. Cishe uhhafu uthe basebenzisa ngisho igrosa yesifunda uma bethenga ukudla kwamasonto onke. I-Austria iyahola lapha cishe ngamaphesenti angama-60. IGermany ilandela cishe ngamaphesenti angama-47 kuthi iSwitzerland ibe namaphesenti angama-41. Amaphesenti angama-34 alabo abahlolisisiwe ahlobanisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwesifunda nokuzibophezela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, okuhlanganisa nemizila yezokuthutha emifushane. Amaphesenti angama-47 alindele ukuthi umkhiqizo wesifunda ukhiqizwe emapulazini angekho ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-100 ukusuka lapho. Ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-200, isivumelwano salabo abahlolwa siphansi kakhulu ngamaphesenti ayi-16. Amaphesenti angu-15 kuphela abathengi ababaluleke kakhulu embuzweni wokuthi ngabe imikhiqizo ivela ekulimeni okuphilayo.
(Umthombo: Izifundo ezenziwa ngu-AT KEARNEY 2013, 2014; kucashunwe ku: Melissa Sarah Ragger: "Regional before organic?")
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
