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Imikhawulo yokukhula

Sixhaphaza umhlaba wethu ngemikhawulo yawo. Ingabe ukucabanga ukukhula komuntu kungamiswa? Umbono we-anthropological.

Imikhawulo yokukhula

"Lokhu kukhula okungenamkhawulo kubangelwa ukuthi izinsiza zezimbiwa ziyaxhashazwa, ukuthi izilwandle zethu zisetshenziswe ngokweqile futhi ngasikhathi sinye kube yizindawo zokulahla udoti ezinkulu."

Izinto eziphilayo zihluka ngendaba engaphili ngokuhlanganiswa kwalezi zindawo ezilandelayo: Zingakha umunyu, zikhiqize futhi zikhule. Ngakho-ke ukukhula kuyimpawu eyinhloko yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye yizisekelo zezinkinga ezinkulu zesikhathi sethu. Ukukhula okungenamkhawulo kubangelwa ukuthi imithombo yemithombo yamatshe isetshenziswa kabi, ukuthi izilwandle zethu ziyaqothuka futhi ngasikhathi sinye kube yizindawo zokulahla udoti ezinkulu. Kodwa ingabe ukukhula okungenamkhawulo kuyisidingo semvelo, noma kungamiswa?

Amasu amabili la

Esikhathini sokuzala, ukwahluka kwenziwa phakathi kwamaqembu amabili amakhulu ezinto eziphilayo, okuthiwa yi-r ne-K Strategist. Ochwepheshe yilezo zinhlobo ezinesibalo esikhulu kakhulu senzalo. I-r imele ukuzala, ngokunembile ngenxa yezizukulwane eziningi. Ukunakekelwa kwabazali kwalezi zingcweti kunqunyelwe, okusho nokuthi ingxenye enkulu yenzalo ayisindanga. Noma kunjalo, leliqhinga lokuzala liholela ekwandeni kwabantu okwandayo. Lokhu kusebenza kahle inqobo nje uma izinsiza zanele. Uma usayizi wabantu edlula umthamo we-ecosystem, ukuwa kwenhlekelele kwenzeka. Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwezinsizakusebenza kubangele inani labantu ukuthi liwele ngaphansi kakhulu komthamo we-ecosystem Ukuwa kulandelwa ukukhula okukhulayo kwabachwepheshe be-r. Lokhu kudala iphethini elingazinzile: ukukhula okungenamkhawulo, kulandelwa ukuwa kwenhlekelele - lokhu okwedlule akugcini ngokunciphisa inani labantu kakhulu, kepha kungaholela nasekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo. Leliqhinga lokuzala lifuna ikakhulu izidalwa ezincane, ezihlala isikhathi esifushane.

Umuntu ophilayo futhi omude ophila isikhathi eside, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi aphishekele isu lokuphilisana nobungcweti K. Ama-K Strategists anezingane ezimbalwa ezinakekelwa kahle futhi ezisindayo ikakhulukazi. Ama-K Strategists anciphisa izinga lokuzala kwawo lapho inani labantu lifinyelela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuthwala, isib. Inani labantu abangaba khona endaweni yokuphila ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngokweqile izinsiza ezikhona futhi ngaleyo ndlela babangele ukulimala okuhlala njalo. I-K imele umthwalo wokuthwala.
Isayensi ibingakaphenduli ngokusobala ukuthi abantu bangahlukaniswa kuphi kulokhu. Ngokombono wokuzalwa kanye nokuzala kabusha wezinto eziphilayo, kungenzeka ukuthi sibhekwe njengabahlakani be-K, kepha lokhu kuncishiswa yintuthuko ekusetshenzisweni kwezinsizakusebenza engahambelana nosomabhizinisi abanohlonze.

Isizathu sokuziphendukela kwezobuchwepheshe

Ukuthuthuka okubonakalayo kokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza kwethu akubangelwa ukwanda kwenani labantu, njengoba kunjalo nangezinye izilwane, kepha ngukuziphendukela kobuchwepheshe, okuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi kusivulele amathuba amaningi kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi kusho nokuthi sisondela ngokushesha ekuthwalweni komhlaba. Njengama-r-Strategistists, asidubuli ngejubane elinamandla hhayi kuphela ebubini bethu, kodwa nangaphezulu. Uma sehluleka ukunciphisa ijubane le ntuthuko, umphumela oyinhlekelele ubonakala ungenakugwenywa.

Noma kunjalo, iqiniso lokuthi singabaqaphi bezingcweti ze-K ngokubona kwezinto eziphilayo kungasenza sibe nethemba. Ukulwa nokuthambekela kokuziphatha okusekelwe kokuphilayo kudinga imizamo ekhethekile, ngoba lokhu kugxile kakhulu futhi ngakho-ke ushintsho ekuziphatheni lungenziwa kuphela ngokubala okungaguquki ezingeni elaziyo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukuthambekela kwethu kwe-r-Strategist kungatholakala ezingeni elitholwe ngokwamasiko, ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwethu kufanele lube lula ukulufinyelela.

Isistimu: qala kabusha

Kepha lokhu kudinga okuyisisekelo Ihlela kabusha uhlelo lwethu, Umnotho womhlaba wonke uhloselwe ukukhula. Uhlelo lungagcinwa lusebenza ngokusetshenziswa okukhulayo, inzuzo ekhulayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okukhulayo kwezinsiza. Lolu hlelo lungaqhekeka kuphela ngumuntu.
Isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuphunyuka ogibeni lokukhula lungatholakala futhi kwizinga ngalinye: Kususelwa ekushintsheni okuyisisekelo kohlelo lwethu lamanani. UBobby Low, isazi sezengqondo saseMelika, ubona amandla amakhulu ekuphinde aqashelwe kabusha impahla nokuziphatha. Ubheka indlela esiziphatha ngayo ngombono wokukhethwa kwabalingani kanye nemakethe yozakwethu, futhi ubona lokhu njengesizathu esisodwa sokusebenzisa kwethu izinsiza zomhlaba ngokungafanele. Izimpawu zesimo zidlala indima enkulu ekukhetheni umlingani, ngoba emlandweni wethu wokuziphendukela kwemvelo zaziyizimpawu ezibalulekile zekhono lokuhlinzeka umndeni ngezinsizakusebenza ezibalulekile. Emhlabeni wanamuhla wezobuchwepheshe, inani lesiginali lezimpawu zesimo alisethembekile kangako, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho ukugcwala okuqongelelwayo kwalokhu kuyingxenye ethile yendlela yokuphila engalondolozekeki.

Yilapho indawo lapho kungatholwa khona ukuqala kokungenelela okungenzeka: Uma ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza kwezinsiza kungasabonakala njengento efanele ukukulwela, kukhona ukuncipha kokusetshenziswa okungenangqondo. Uma ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kusebenza okubalulekile njengempahla efiselekayo, khona-ke okuthile kungenziwa ngempela. Ukuthumela okuphansi ukuthi sizophatha ngokuzinza uma kusenza sifiseleke kakhulu emakethe yozakwethu. Ukungenelela okubonakala kumangalisa ngokwengxenye okulandelayo kulokhu: Isibonelo, uphakamisa ukuthi ukudla okukhiqizwe ngokuqinile kuthengiswa ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu ukuze kube uphawu lwesimo. Uma okuthile kumiswe njengophawu lwesimo, ngokuzenzakalela luzofiseleka.

Ukuthuthuka okufanelekile kungabonakala: Ukunaka okunikelwe umsuka kanye nokulungiswa kokudla kumibuthano ethile namuhla kubonisa ukuthi indlela yokuphila ingaphakanyiswa kanjani njengophawu lwesimo. Indaba yokuphumelela kwezimoto ezithile zikagesi nayo ingabelwa ukusebenza kwabo okuthembekile njengophawu lwesimo. Iningi lalokhu kuthuthukiswa, nokho, kuthambekele kubathengi, okuthi, ngenkathi kuqondiswa kabusha ukukhula kwezinye izinkomba, akukunciphisi ngokwanele.
Uma sifuna ukukhawulela ukukhula, sidinga ukuhlanganiswa kokungenelela kwenqanaba le-systemic nezinguquko zokuziphatha komuntu ngamunye. Ukuhlanganiswa kuphela kwalokhu okubili kungaphumela ekukhuleni kuncishiswe kube ezingeni elingeqi amandla omhlaba wethu.

Die ULwesihlanu imiboniso ngoba iplanethi inika ithemba lokuthi ukuqwashisa ngesidingo soshintsho kuyanda. Izenzo zingalandela kungekudala ukubeka imingcele emincane yokukhula ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuqhekeka ngesihluku kokuthwala amandla kuholela enhlekeleleni enkulu.

INFO: Usizi lwamakhomanda
Lapho izinsiza kusebenza zomphakathi, kuvame ukungabi nazinkinga. Uma kungekho sethi yemithetho yokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinsizakusebenza, futhi nokubheka ukuthi le mithetho nayo iyahambisana nayo ingaholela yini ekuphelisweni kwalezi zinsizakusebenza. Ngamafuphi, okuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwezilwandle nokusebenzisa kabi imithombo yezinsimbi ezinjengamafutha negesi ukungabikho kwemithetho esebenzayo.
Esikhathini semvelo, lesi simo sibizwa ngeTragedy of the commons or the Usizi lwe-commons okubhekiselwe. Leli gama ekuqaleni libuyela kuWilliam Forster Lloyd, obebheka ukuthuthukiswa kweningi labantu. ENkathini Ephakathi, amakhomanda, njengamadlelo okwabiwe ngawo, ayeqokwa njengamakhonsathi. Umqondo uthole indlela yawo wangena ekuhlaleni UGarrett Hardin Ukungena ngo-1968.
Ngokusho kukaHardin, uma izinsiza kusebenza sezitholakala ngokuphelele kuwo wonke umuntu, wonke umuntu uzozama ukuzenzela inzuzo eningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kusebenza uma nje izinsizakusebenza zingakhathali. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho inani labasebenzisi noma ukusetshenziswa kwensiza kukhuphuka ngaphezu kwenqanaba elithile, usizi lwama-commons luqala ukusebenza: Abantu ababodwa bayaqhubeka bezama ukukhulisa imali abayitholayo. Ngakho-ke, izinsizakusebenza azisenele wonke umuntu. Izindleko zokuxhaphaza ngokweqile ziwela kuwo wonke umphakathi. Inzuzo esheshayo iphakeme kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye, kepha izindleko zesikhathi eside kufanele zithwalwe yiwo wonke umuntu. Ngokukhulisa inzuzo okubonwe ngamehlo amafushane, wonke umuntu uhlanganyela kokukodwa kanye nasekonakaleni komphakathi. "Inkululeko emakhomishini icekela phansi wonke umuntu," kusho isiphetho sikaHardin, sokuthi uthatha amadlelo omphakathi. Abalimi bazoyeka izinkomo eziningi zidle ngangokunokwenzeka, okuzoholela ekutheni idlelo ligcotshwe ngokweqile, isb. Ukulimala kuzolinyazwa, futhi ukukhula kwedlelo kuzoba nzima ngenxa yalokho. Ngokuvamile kunemithetho nemigomo yezinsizakusebenza ezabiwe eziqinisekisa ukuthi azisebenzi. Kodwa-ke, lapho amakhulukhulu amasistimu ahlanganyela izinsiza, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe lezi zinqubo zokulawula. Izinselelo zomhlaba wonke zidinga izixazululo ezihlukile kunalezo ezazisebenza ezinhlelweni zangezikhathi zakudala. Ukusungulwa kwezinto ohlelweni kanye nasezingeni ngalinye kuyadingeka lapha.

Photo / Video: Ugogo.

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