Umkhondo wekhabhoni wamasosha: 2% wezinto ezikhishwayo emhlabeni jikelele

nguMartin Auer

Ukube amasosha omhlaba bekuyizwe, abezoba nesigcawu sekhabhoni sesine ngobukhulu, esikhulu kunaseRussia. Ucwaningo olusha olwenziwa ngu-Stuart Parkinson (Ososayensi Bomsebenzi Womhlaba Wonke, i-SGR) kanye no-Linsey Cottrell (I-Conflict and Environment Observatory, i-CEOBS) luthola ukuthi cishe u-2% wokukhishwa kwe-CO5,5 emhlabeni wonke kungenxa yezempi yomhlaba.1.

Idatha yokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kwezempi ngokuvamile ayiphelele, ifihlwe ezigabeni ezijwayelekile, noma ayiqoqwa nhlobo. Ososayensi bekusasa sebedlulile le nkinga osekubikiwe. Kunamagebe amakhulu emibikweni yamazwe ngokwe-UNFCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change. Lokhu, ababhali balolu cwaningo bakholelwa ukuthi, esinye sezizathu ezenza isayensi yesimo sezulu inganaki lesi sici. Embikweni wamanje we-IPCC, wesithupha wokuhlola, igalelo lamasosha ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu akubhekwana naso.

Ukukhombisa ukubaluleka kwenkinga, ucwaningo lusebenzisa idatha etholakalayo evela enanini elincane lamazwe ukuze kuqondwe ingqikithi yamagesi abamba ukushisa ezempi. Okuxhunyaniswe nalokhu ithemba lokuqalisa izifundo ezinemininingwane eyengeziwe emhlabeni jikelele, kanye nemizamo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kwezempi.

Ukukunikeza umbono wokuthi abacwaningi abavela ku-SGR kanye ne-CEOBS bafike kanjani emiphumeleni yabo, nali uhlaka oluqinile lwendlela. Incazelo enemininingwane ingatholakala lapha lapha.

Idatha enomkhawulo iyatholakala ekukhishweni kwegesi ebamba ukushisa e-US, UK nakwamanye amazwe e-EU. Ezinye zazo zamenyezelwa ngokuqondile yiziphathimandla zezempi, ezinye zamenyezelwa ucwaningo oluzimele ezimisele.

Njengesiqalo, abacwaningi bathathe inani lamasosha asebenzayo ezweni ngalinye noma isifunda somhlaba. Lokhu kuqoqwa minyaka yonke yi-International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS).

Izibalo ezinokwethenjelwa ngokulinganiselwe ezikhiqizweni ezimile (okungukuthi ezisuka emabhalekisi, amahhovisi, izikhungo zedatha, njll.) ngomuntu ngamunye zitholakala e-USA, Great Britain naseJalimane. EGreat Britain lokho kungu-5 t CO2e ngonyaka, eJalimane 5,1 t CO2e kanye nase-USA 12,9 t CO2e. Njengoba la mazwe amathathu ehlangene asevele enesibopho se-45% yezindleko zezempi zomhlaba wonke, abacwaningi babona le datha njengesisekelo esisebenzayo sokuphuma kuso. Izilinganiso zibandakanya idigri ehambisanayo yezezimboni, isabelo sefosili ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla, kanye nenani lezisekelo zezempi ezifundeni ezinokwesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu ezidinga amandla engeziwe okushisa noma ukupholisa. Imiphumela yase-USA nayo ithathwa njengejwayelekile eCanada, eRussia nase-Ukraine. I-9 t CO2e ngomuntu ngamunye ithathwa e-Asia nase-Oceania, kanye naseMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNyakatho Afrika. I-5 t CO2e ithathwa e-Europe naseLatin America kanye ne-2,5 t CO2e ngomuntu ngamunye nangonyaka e-Afrika eseningizimu ye-Sahara. Lezi zinombolo zibe seziphindaphindwa ngenani lamasosha asebenzayo esifundeni ngasinye.

Kwamanye amazwe abalulekile umuntu angakwazi futhi ukuthola isilinganiso sokukhishwa kwesisi esimile esikhiqizweni esihambahambayo, okungukuthi icarbon, imikhumbi, imikhumbi-ngwenya, izimoto ezihamba phansi kanye nemikhumbi-mkhathi. Isibonelo, eJalimane ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephuma kumakhalekhukhwini kungamaphesenti angama-70 kuphela okumile, kuyilapho e-UK ukukhishwa kwamaselula kungama-260% okumile. Ukukhishwa okunganyakaziyo kungaphindaphindwa ngale nto.

Umnikelo wokugcina ukukhishwa okuvela kumaketanga okuhlinzeka, okungukuthi kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwempahla yezempi, kusukela ezikhalini kuya ezimotweni kuya ezakhiweni nakwimifaniswano. Lapha, abacwaningi bakwazi ukuthembela olwazini oluvela ezinkampanini zezikhali ezisebenza emhlabeni wonke iThales neFincantieri, isibonelo. Ukwengeza, kunezibalo zezomnotho ezijwayelekile ezikhombisa isilinganiso sezinto ezikhishwayo zokusebenza nezikhishwayo ezivela emaketangeni okuhlinzeka ngezindawo ezahlukene. Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukukhishwa okuvela ekukhiqizweni kwempahla yezempi ehlukahlukene kuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-5,8 kunokukhishwa kwezempi yokusebenza.

Ngokusho kocwaningo, lokhu kuphumela ekulandeleni kwekhabhoni kwezempi phakathi kwezigidi eziyi-2 nezi-1.644 zamathani e-CO3.484e, noma phakathi kuka-2% no-3,3% wezinto ezikhishwayo emhlabeni.

Lezi zibalo azibandakanyi ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa okuvela ezenzweni zempi ezinjengomlilo, ukulinyazwa kwengqalasizinda kanye nemvelo, ukwakhiwa kabusha nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwabasindile.

Abacwaningi bagcizelela ukuthi ukukhishwa kwezempi kwezempi kuphakathi kwalokho uhulumeni angakuthonya ngokuqondile ngokusebenzisa imali yakhe kwezempi, kodwa nangemithethonqubo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nokho, ukukhishwa kwezempi kufanele kulinganiswe kuqala. I-CEOBS ine- Uhlaka lokurekhoda ukukhishwa kwezempi ngaphansi kwe-UNFCCC kwasebenza .

I-montage yesihloko: uMartin Auer

1 Parkinson, Stuart; I-Cottrell; U-Linsey (2022): Ulinganisela Ukukhishwa Kwegesi Yezempi Ebamba ukushisa Emhlabeni Wonke. Lancaster, Mytholmroyd. https://ceobs.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/SGRCEOBS-Estimating_Global_MIlitary_GHG_Emissions_Nov22_rev.pdf