UAlexandra Binder
"Ewe silawulwa ngabaphembeleli."
UFranziska Humbert, iOxfam
Nokuba kukuxhaphaza abantwana ngokusebenza kumasimi ecocoa, ukutshisa impahla elukiweyo okanye imilambo enetyhefu: Kumaxesha amaninzi, iinkampani azinoxanduva lokuba amashishini abo ehlabathi achaphazela njani okusingqongileyo kunye nabantu. Umthetho wokuthengiswa kwezinto unokuyitshintsha loo nto. Kodwa umoya ophambili ovela kuqoqosho uvutha ngamandla.
Kufuneka sithatha. Kwaye ngaphezulu kwebar encinci yetshokholethi yobisi ejikeleze iisenti ezingama-89, osele uzifake kuzo. Kwihlabathi lehlabathi, yimveliso entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Emva kwento encinci yokuphatha itshokholethi ngumlimi ofumana iisenti ezi-6 kwezingama-89. Kwaye ibali labantwana abazizigidi ezibini eNtshona Afrika abasebenza kumasimi ecocoa phantsi kweemeko zokuxhaphaza. Baphatha iingxowa ezinzima zecocoa, basebenza ngoocelemba batshize izitshabalalisi zetyhefu ngaphandle kwempahla yokhuselo.
Ewe oku akuvumelekanga. Kodwa indlela esuka kwimbotyi yecocoa ukuya kwishelufa yevenkile phantse ayinakutshekishwa. De iphele eFerrero, eNestlé, eMars & Co, iya kudlula kwizandla zabanini bamashishini amancinci, iindawo zokuqokelela, iikontraki zabanini bamashishini amakhulu kunye neeprosesa eJamani naseNetherlands. Ekugqibeleni ithi: Unikezelo lwekhonkco alusalandeleleki. Umxokelelwano wokubonelela ngezixhobo zombane ezinje ngeeselfowuni kunye neelaptops, iimpahla kunye nokunye ukutya kufana nokungafani. Emva kwalokhu kukumba umgodi weplatinam, umzi mveliso wempahla eyolukiweyo, amasimi eoyile yesundu. Kwaye bonke batsala umdla ngokuxhaphaza abantu, ukusetyenziswa okungagunyaziswanga kwemichiza yokubulala izitshabalalisi kunye nokuthatha umhlaba, ezohlwaywayo.
Ngaba yenziwe ngesiqinisekiso?
Leyo yingcinga entle. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iinkampani zasekhaya ziyasiqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ababoneleli bazo bayahambelana namalungelo oluntu, okusingqongileyo kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwemozulu. Kodwa ikho kwakhona: ingxaki yokunikezelwa kweenkonzo. Iinkampani ezithenga iinkampani zase-Austrian zihlala zingabathengi kunye nabangenisa elizweni. Kwaye ziphezulu nje kwinto yokubonelela.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhaphaza kuqala kude ngasemva. Ngaba thina njengabathengi sinayo nayiphi na impembelelo konke konke? "Mncinci ngokumangalisayo," utshilo u-Palra Bayr, u-Palra Bayr, kunye no-Julia Herr, abafaka isicelo somthetho we-supply chain kwipalamente yeli lizwe ngo-Matshi. Kwezinye iindawo kunokwenzeka ukuba uthenge iimveliso ezifanelekileyo, ezifana netshokholethi ekhankanyiweyo, "uyongeze," kodwa akukho laptop ilungile kwintengiso. "
Omnye umzekelo? Ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane. “Kwi-EU, umzekelo, iparaquat yokubulala izitshabalalisi ayivunyelwanga ukusukela ngo-2007, kodwa isasetyenziswa kumasimi eoyile yesundu ehlabathi. Kwaye ioyile yesundu ifumaneka kwipesenti ezingama-50 zokutya kwiivenkile zethu ezinkulu. "
Ukuba umntu wophula amalungelo kwindawo ekude yehlabathi, akukho zivenkile ezinkulu, abavelisi okanye ezinye iinkampani ezinoxanduva ngokusemthethweni ngoku. Ukuzilawula ngokuzithandela kusebenza kuphela kwiimeko ezimbalwa, njengoko uMkomishinala Wezobulungisa kwi-EU uDidier Reynders naye aqaphele ngoFebruwari 2020. Sisinye kuphela kwisithathu seenkampani ze-EU okwangoku ezijonga ngocoselelo amalungelo abo oluntu jikelele kunye nokunikezelwa kwefuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kwaye iinzame zabo ziyaphela kunye nabathengisi ngqo, njengoko isifundo esithunyelwe nguReynder sibonakalisile.
Umthetho wesixokelelwano sonikezelo awunakuphepheka
Ngo-Matshi 2021, i-EU ikwajongane nomxholo we-Supply Chain Act. Amalungu ePalamente yaseYurophu amkele "isindululo somthetho malunga nokuphendula kunye nokukhuthala okufanelekileyo kweenkampani" ngesininzi sama-73 epesenti. Ukusuka kwicala lase-Austria, nangona kunjalo, ii-MP ze-ÖVP (ngaphandle kuka-Othmar Karas) zarhoxa. Bavota ngokuchasene. Kwinyathelo elilandelayo, isindululo seKhomishini somthetho wokunikezelwa kwe-EU, ongatshintshanga kwanto.
Yonke le nto ikhawuleziswe yinto yokuba amanye amanyathelo okuhanjiswa komthetho sele enziwe eYurophu. Ibango labo kukucela iinkampani ezingaphandle kweYurophu ukuba zihlawulele ukonakaliswa kwendalo kunye nokunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu. Ngaphezulu kwako konke apho ukuxhaphaza kungathintelwanga okanye kwenziwe. Kwaye ke uyilo lomyalelo we-EU kufuneka luze ehlotyeni kwaye lubangele ubunzima bemali kwabo baphula umthetho: umzekelo, ukungabandakanywa kwinkxaso mali kangangexesha elithile.
Ukumema ngokuchasene nomthetho wokuthengiswa kwempahla
Kodwa emva koko iKhomishini ye-EU yarhoxisa idrafti ubukhulu becala engaphawulwa yimithombo yeendaba kude kube kokwindla. Umbuzo omnye uyacaca ngokuqinisekileyo: Ngaba impembelelo evela kuqoqosho ibinamandla kakhulu? Ingcali yaseJamaniwatch ejongene noxanduva lweshishini uCornelia Heydenreich uqaphela exhalabile "ukuba ukongeza kumkomishinala wezobulungisa e-EU uReynders, umkhomishina we-EU kwimarike yangaphakathi, u-Thierry Breton, kutshanje ubenoxanduva lomthetho ocetywayo."
Akusiyo imfihlo ukuba uBreton, usomashishini waseFrance, ukwicala lezoqoqosho. U-Heydenreich usikhumbuza imeko yaseJamani: "Inyaniso yokuba uMphathiswa wezoQoqosho we-Economics ukwanoxanduva eJamani ukusukela ngehlobo lowe-2020 iyintsonkothe kakhulu inkqubo yokufumana imvumelwano-kwaye ngokokubona kwethu ikwazisa neemfuno zokuphembelela "Nangona kunjalo, ubona ukukhula kwe-EU kunganyanzelekanga ukuba" kubuyiselwe umva ":" Siyazi ukuba izindululo zomthetho kwinqanaba le-EU zilibazisekile kwezinye iinkqubo ezininzi zomthetho. "U-Heydenreich ukwathe iKhomishini ye-EU ufuna ukulinda abone ukuba uyakujongeka kanjani umthetho oyilwayo waseJamani.
Umthetho wokuthengiswa kwempahla eJamani ubanjiwe
Ngapha koko, umthetho osayilwayo waseJamani wawuza kudluliselwa ngoMeyi 20, 2021, kodwa wasuswa kwi-ajenda yeBundestag ngesaziso esifutshane. (Ngoku yamkelwe. Iza kuqala ngoJanuwari 1, 2023. Nantsi iGazethi yoMthetho kaRhulumente.) Kwakusele kuvunyelwene. Ukususela ngo-2023, imigaqo ethile yokubonelela kufuneka isebenze kwiinkampani ezinabasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-3.000 eJamani (ngama-600). Kwinyathelo lesibini ukusuka ngo-2024, kuya kufuneka basebenze nakwiinkampani ezinabasebenzi abangaphezulu kwe-1.000 2.900. Oku kuya kuchaphazela phantse iinkampani ezingama-XNUMX.
Kodwa uyilo lunobuthathaka. UFranziska Humbert, Oxfam Uyamazi umcebisi wamalungelo ezabasebenzi noxanduva kwezentlalo: "Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo nto, iimfuno zokukhuthazeka ezifanelekileyo zisebenza kuphela ngokwamanqanaba." Ngamanye amagama, kugxilwe kwakhona kubathengisi ngqo. Ikhonkco lonke lonikezelo kufuneka lijongwe kuphela kwisiseko sesalathiso sezinto. Kodwa ngoku, umzekelo, abathengisi abathe ngqo kwiivenkile ezinkulu baseJamani, apho imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko emsebenzini isebenza kunjalo. “Ke ngoko, umthetho woyikisa ngokungaphumeleli kweli nqanaba.” Awuhambelani nemigaqo esisikhokelo ye-UN esebenza kulo lonke unikezelo lwezibonelelo. "Kwaye iwela emva kweenzame esele zikhona zokuzithandela kwiinkampani ezininzi," utshilo uHumbert. “Ukongeza, akukho mthetho waseburhulumenteni ubanga imbuyekezo. Abasebenzi abasebenza nzima kwiibhanana, ipayinapile okanye kumasimi ewayini bethenga ukutya abanalo ithuba lokwenyusa ityala lenkundla zaseJamani, umzekelo ukonakalisa impilo ebangelwe kukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane eziyityhefu. ”Kulungile? Nokuba ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kuhlolwe ligunya. Kwimeko nganye, banokunyanzelisa isohlwayo okanye babekele bucala iinkampani kwiithenda zikawonkewonke ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emithathu.
IOstriya?
E-Austria, amaphulo amabini akhuthaza ukuthotyelwa kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo kumatyathanga onikezelo lwehlabathi. Ngaphezulu kweshumi le-NGO, i-AK kunye ne-ÖGB ngokudibeneyo bafuna isikhalazo "Amalungelo oluntu afuna imithetho" ngexesha lephulo labo. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente oluhlaza oluluhlaza akafuni ukulandela inyathelo laseJamani, kodwa ulinde ukubona ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngokulandelayo eBrussels.
Umthetho ofanelekileyo wokubonelela
U-Heydenreich uthi kwimeko efanelekileyo, iinkampani ziyakhuthazwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba zichonge eyona mingcipheko mikhulu nakumngcipheko wamalungelo abantu kuwo onke amaxabiso, kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukubalungisa okanye ukubalungisa. "Ngokuyintloko kuthintelo, oko kukuthi, ukuba umngcipheko awenzeki kwasekuqaleni - kwaye zihlala zingafumaneki kubathengisi abathe ngqo, kodwa nzulu kulungelelwaniso lonikezelo." Ukophula umthetho kunokubanga amalungelo abo. "Kwaye kufuneka kuncitshiswe umthwalo wobungqina, ngokuqinisekileyo kwanokubuyiselwa komthwalo wobungqina."
Kwilungu lePalamente lase-Austrian u-Bayr, kubalulekile ukuba ungathinteli umthetho ofanelekileyo kumaqela adibeneyo: "Nkqu neenkampani ezincinci zase-Europe ezinabasebenzi abambalwa zinokubangela ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo oluntu kuthengiso lwehlabathi," utshilo. Omnye umzekelo ziinkampani ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle: “Amaxesha amaninzi mancinci kakhulu ngokubhekisele kubasebenzi, amalungelo oluntu okanye ifuthe lezinto eziphilayo abazithengisayo zinokuba nkulu kakhulu.
Ku-Heidenreich kuyacaca: “Uyilo lwaseJamani lunokuba sisikhuthazo esongezelelekileyo kwinkqubo ye-EU kwaye alunakho ukuseta isikhokelo somgaqo we-EU 1: 1. Ummiselo we-EU kufuneka ugqithe kule ndawo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo. "Uthi, iyakwenzeka eJamani, naseFrance, apho umthetho wokuqala wokukhuthala eYurophu ubukhona ukusukela ngo-2017:" Kunye ne-27 EU Amazwe angamalungu, singayenza iFrance ne-Jamani ukuba ibenamabhongo nangakumbi kuba emva koko kuyakubakho indawo ekuthiwa yeyokudlala kwinqanaba ngaphakathi eYurophu. ”Kwaye kuthekani ngabaphembeleli? “Ewe silawulwa zii-lobbyists. Ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu, ngamanye amaxesha kuncinci, utshilo umcebisi we-Oxfam uFranziska Humbert omile.
Iinjongo zebhanki yonikezelo
Kwi-EU Umthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla ngoku kuyaxoxwa ngawo kwinqanaba laseYurophu. Ekwindla i-2021, iKhomishini ye-EU ifuna ukubonisa izicwangciso ezihambelanayo zomyalelo waseYurophu. Iingcebiso zangoku zePalamente yaseYurophu zinamabhongo ngakumbi kunomthetho osayilwayo waseJamani: Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umgaqo woxanduva lwaseburhulumenteni kunye nohlalutyo lomngcipheko kuthintelo kubonelelwe ngalo lonke ikhonkco lexabiso. I-EU sele ikhuphe izikhokelo ezibophelelayo kurhwebo lweenkuni kunye nezimbiwa kwiindawo ezinongquzulwano, ezimisela ukukhuthala ngenxa yeenkampani.
Inetherlands upasile umthetho ochasene nokuphathwa kwabantwana ngoMeyi 2019, onyanzelisa iinkampani ukuba zithobele uxanduva olufanelekileyo malunga nokusebenza kwabantwana kwaye zibonelela ngezikhalazo nezohlwayo.
France upasise umthetho ngokunyanzelwa kweenkampani zaseFrance ngoFebruwari 2017. Umthetho ufuna ukuba iinkampani zithathe inyathelo elifanelekileyo kwaye zibenze bakwazi ukutshutshiswa phantsi komthetho woluntu ukuba bophula lo mthetho.
KwiGreat Britain umthetho ochasene neentlobo zanamhlanje zobukhoboka ufuna ingxelo kunye namanyathelo ngokuchasene nokusebenza ngokunyanzelwa.
E-Australia Kubekho umthetho ochasene nobukhoboka bale mihla ukusukela ngo-2018.
Eusa bezisoloko zibeka iimfuno ezibophelelayo kwiinkampani kurhwebo lwezixhobo ezivela kwiindawo ezinongquzulwano ukusukela ngo-2010.
Imeko eOstriyaI-NGO Südwind ifuna imithetho kumanqanaba ngamanqanaba, kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. Ungayisayina apha: www.swedwind.at/ukucela
Abaphathiswa be-SPÖ uPetra Bayr noJulia Herr bangenise isicelo somthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla kwiBhunga likaZwelonke ekuqaleni kuka-Matshi, ekufuneka ijolise kulo mba epalamente.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
