Ukutya ngokwahlukileyo ngokuchasene nengxaki yemozulu | Icandelo 3: Ukupakisha kunye nokuThutha

"Uyile nto uyityayo," itsho intetho. Rhoqo kuyinyani, kodwa hayi rhoqo. Yintoni eqinisekileyo, nangona kunjalo, kukuba sinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwintlekele yemozulu ngokuthenga kwethu kokutya kunye nemikhwa yokutya. Emva Teil 1 (Ukutya okulungiselelwe) kunye Teil 2 (Inyama, intlanzi kunye nezinambuzane) Icandelo lesi-3 kuthotho lwam malunga nokupakisha kunye neendlela zothutho zokutya kwethu.

Nokuba yinyama, i-organic, imifuno okanye i-vegan-ukupakisha kuyingxaki. IJamani ivelisa uninzi lwenkunkuma yokupakisha kwi-EU kwaye isebenzisa uninzi lweeplastikhi kwi-Union. Ilizwe lethu lishiye i-2019 yezigidi zeetoni emhlabeni ngowama-18,9 Ukupakisha inkunkuma ke ngeenxa zonke i-227 kilos entloko. Kwi inkunkuma plastic Kutshanje ibiyi-38,5 kg kumhlali ngamnye. 

Iplastiki emnandi

Iplastikhi, eMpuma Jamani yeplastiki, ligama elihlanganisiweyo leeplastikhi ezenziwe nge-petroleum, ubukhulu becala i-polyethylene (PE), ityhefu kwaye kunzima ukuyisebenzisa kwakhona i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), i-polystyrene (PS) okanye i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), apho isiselo esininzi iibhotile zenziwe. ICoca-Cola ivelisa iitoni ezizigidi ezintathu zenkunkuma yokupakisha minyaka le ngeebhotile zendlela enye. Edweliswe ecaleni kwenye, iibhotile zeplastikhi ezingama-88 ezivela kwiqela leBrause qho ngonyaka zenza uhambo oluya enyangeni zibuyele izihlandlo ezingama-31. Kwindawo yesibini neyesithathu phakathi kwabavelisi abakhulu benkunkuma yeplastiki evela kushishino lokutya yiNestlé (i-1,7 yezigidi zeetoni) kunye neDanone eneetoni ezingama-750.000. 

Ngo-2015, i-17 yezigidigidi zokusetyenziswa kotywala kunye neebhiliyoni ezimbini zalahlwa eJamani. I-Nestlé kunye nabanye abavelisi bakwathengisa ngakumbi nangakumbi iifomsile zekofu, ezonyusa intaba yenkunkuma. Ukusuka kwi-2016 ukuya kwi-2018, ukuthengiswa kweephilisi ezisetyenziswayo zonyuka ngepesenti ezisibhozo ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-23.000, ngokwe-Deutsche Umwelthilfe DUH. Zine iigram zokupakisha kwigrama nganye yekofu ezi-6,5. Nokuba kuthiwa okanye ngokuqinisekileyo "ii-biodegradable" capsules azisombululi ingxaki. Aziboli okanye zibole kancinci. Kungenxa yoko le nto bekhetha izityalo zomgquba. Emva koko baphelela kwindawo yokutshisa.

Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kuthetha ukuba i-downcycling

Nangona ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma eJamani kuxakekile kuqokelela iingxowa ezityheli kunye nokuchitha imigqomo yenkunkuma yokupakisha, kuncinci okuphinda kwenziwe kwakhona. Ngokusemthethweni, ziipesenti ezingama-45 zayo yonke inkunkuma yeplastiki eJamani. Ngokuka-Deutsche Umwelthilfe, izikena ezikwiinkqubo zokuhlela azizamkeli iibhotile zeplastikhi ezimnyama. Ezi ziphela zitshiswa yinkunkuma. Ukuba emva koko unika into kwinto engafikeleli kwinto yokurisayikilisha inkunkuma, inqanaba lokurisayikilisha liyiipesenti ezili-16. Iplastikhi entsha isabiza kakhulu kwaye iiplastikhi ezininzi ezixubekileyo zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwakhona ngomzamo omkhulu- ukuba kunjalo. Ngokwesiqhelo iimveliso ezilula kuphela ezinje ngeebhentshi zepaki, iitoti zenkunkuma okanye igranulate zenziwe ngeplastiki ebisetyenzisiwe. Ukurisayikilisha kwakhona apha kuthetha ukuba yi-downcycling.

Yi-10% kuphela yenkunkuma yeplastiki ehlaziywa ngokutsha

Ngokomndilili wehlabathi, ziipesenti ezilishumi kuphela zeeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo ezenza into entsha. Yonke enye into iya kutshabalalisa inkunkuma, inkunkuma, iilali okanye ulwandle. IJamani ithumela kwelinye ilizwe malunga nesigidi seetoni zenkunkuma yeplastiki minyaka le. Ngoku i-China ingasathengi inkunkuma yethu, ngoku iphelela eVietnam naseMalaysia, umzekelo. Kuba amandla akonelanga ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha okanye ubuncinci bokutshisa, inkunkuma ihlala iphelela ekugcwalisweni komhlaba. Umoya ke uvuthuza iziqwenga zeplastiki kumlambo olandelayo kwaye uzithathe uzise elwandle. Ngoku abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba kuphindwe kathandathu ngaphezu kweplankton kwiindawo ezininzi zolwandle. Ngoku bonakalisile umkhondo wokusetyenziswa kwethu kweplastiki kwiintaba eziphakamileyo, kunyibilikisi yeArctic, kulwandle olunzulu nakwezinye iindawo ezibonakala ngathi zikwindawo ekude emhlabeni. 5,25 trillion amasuntswana eplastiki ayadada elwandle. Oko kwenza iziqwenga ezingama-770 kumntu wonke ehlabathini. 

"Sitya ikhadi lamatyala veki nganye"

Iintlanzi, iintaka kunye nezinye izilwanyana ziyaziginya izinto kwaye zilambe zife zilambile kwisisu. Kwi-2013, i-17 kilos yeplastiki yafunyanwa esiswini somnenga ofileyo- kubandakanya ne-30 yeemitha zesikwere zeplastiki ezazibethwe ngumoya e-Andalusia elwandle ukusuka kwimifuno yemifuno. I-Microplastics ngokukodwa iphelela emzimbeni wethu ngokutya. Oososayensi ngoku bafumene umkhondo wamasuntswana eplastiki kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwilindle lomntu kunye nomchamo. Izifundo zovavanyo zazikhe zatya okanye zasela ukutya okusongelwe ngeplastiki. "Sitya ikhadi lamatyala veki nganye," umbutho wolondolozo lwendalo i-WWF ukhankanye enye yeengxelo zabo ngokungcoliseka kweplastikhi kokutya kwethu. 

Ukupakisha ifilimu kunye neebhotile zeplastiki zineeplasticizers ezinje ngamaphthalates kunye ne-bisphenol A, enokuthi ikhuthaze ukwenziwa kweeseli zomhlaza, iphazamise ukulingana kwehomoni emzimbeni kwaye yonyuse umngcipheko wezinye izifo ezininzi. Abaphandi bafumene i-bisphenol A ephindwe kasixhenxe kwizicwili zabaguli abane-Alzheimer njengakwizicwili zabanye abantu abafileyo abangakhange babenesifo se-Alzheimer's. 

Fumana ukutya kwiibhokisi zakho

Ukuba uzisa ukutya ekhaya kwindawo yokutyela, ungazisa iibhokisi zakho ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Umbutho wokutya waseJamani unento yokugcwalisa iibhokisi oze nazo Isikhokelo sococeko kukhutshwa. Kwizixeko ezikhulu ngoku kukho iinkqubo zokufaka iibhokisi zokutya, umzekelo ukusuka Phinda ujike okanye Ukuhlaziya. Unako ukuba neempahla ezizaliswe ngezitya kunye neenkonkxa oze nazo kwiikhawuntara zokutya ezisandul 'ukuthengiswa. Ukuba umthengisi uyala: Imithetho yezempilo ibeka kuphela ukuba iibhokisi mazingagqithiswa emva kwekhawuntari.

Intlama yamazinyo kwiglasi kunye neentonga zokuhambisa

Intlama yamazinyo, i-deodorant, i-shaving foam, i-shampoos kunye ne-gel yokuhlamba kwiibhotile zeplastiki ezilahlayo okanye iityhubhu zinokutshintshwa ngokulula. Zifumaneka ngeglasi kwiivenkile ezininzi eziphilayo nezingafakwanga zipakishwe - zinencasa njengekhrimu, iinwele kunye nesepha yomzimba ngaphandle kokupakisha kwinto enye kunye nesepha yokucheba kwiingqayi zesinyithi ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Kuba ezi ndlela zinoqoqosho ngakumbi, zibonakala zibiza kakhulu kunokhuphiswano olukwiishelufa zevenkile. Umzekelo, iglasi yamazinyo yeeyure ezisixhenxe okanye ezisithoba ye-euro yanele umntu omnye ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintlanu.

Ukupakishwa kuphela kubonakala kubiza kakhulu

Iivenkile ezingapakiswangaAbathengisa ezo mveliso kunye nokutya ngaphandle kokupakishwa, olu lwazi kufuneka luzise abathengi abatsha abaninzi. Izinto ezingafakwanga zingafunyanwa nakwiivenkile ezinkulu, umzekelo kwisebe leziqhamo nemifuno. Iziselo neyogathi ziyafumaneka kwiibhotile zeglasi zokufaka. Babonisa ulungelelwaniso olungcono lokusingqongileyo ukuba bavela kwingingqi leyo. Akukho mntu kumantla eJamani oya kuthi athenge iyogathi okanye ibhiya emzantsi ukuba iimpahla ezifanayo ezivela kwindawo yabo zishelufu esecaleni kwabo. Okufanayo kuya kwiimveliso zaseMntla Jamani emazantsi, ibhotolo yaseIreland okanye amanzi amaminerali avela kwiiFiji Islands. 

Amanzi asuka empompeni endaweni yamanzi amaminerali avela kwibhotile yeplastiki

Ukupakisha amanzi asimahla kwimpompo kubiza ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwaye, ngenxa yolawulo olubanzi eJamani, ubuncinci bulungile njengamanzi angeniswa ngaphakathi okanye asekhaya asentwasahlobo atshalwa emhlabeni kuphela. Ukuba uyayithanda ikhabhon dayoksayidi emanzini, thatha i-bubbler eneekhatriji ezigcwalisekayo. 

Imfuno yokutya evela kubumelwane iyanda kulo lonke elaseJamani. Igama "lengingqi" alikhuselwanga. Ke ngoko imida ilulwelo. Akukho mntu unokutsho ukuba ummandla uphela emva kweekhilomitha ezingama-50, 100, 150 okanye nangaphezulu. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi, buza umthengisi okanye ujonge indawo evela kuyo impahla. Iimarike ezininzi ngoku zibonisa oku ngokuzithandela. 

Nangona kunjalo, into esiyithengayo ingcono kakhulu kwisimo sezulu kunye nokulinganisela kwendalo esingqongileyo kunemvelaphi yokutya kwethu. Uphononongo olwenziwe ngo-2008 yiYunivesithi yaseCarnegie Mellon e-United States xa kuthelekiswa imikhondo yemozulu yokutya okwahlukeneyo. Isiphelo: ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso yenyama kuphezulu kakhulu kunoko kulinywa ingqolowa kunye nemifuno kangangokuba iindleko zothutho azibalulekanga kangako. Kwiziqhamo nemifuno yengingqi, abaphandi bagqiba ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ye-530 iigram / ikhilo yeempahla. Inyama evela kwingingqi nganye ine-6.900 yeegram ze-CO2 / kg. Iziqhamo ezingeniswe phesheya kweenqanawa ngenqanawa zibangela i-870 gram ye-CO2 ekhutshwa ngekhilo, kunye neziqhamo kunye nemifuno ehamba kwi-11.300 gram ye-CO2. Umkhondo wekhabhoni wenyama engeniswe phesheya ngenqwelomoya uyintlekele: Yonke ikhilo yesisindo sayo ingcolisa umoya onee-17,67 kg ze-CO2. Isiphelo: Ukutya kwemifuno yeyona ilungileyo- kwimpilo yakho, okusingqongileyo kunye nemozulu. Iimveliso ezivela kulimo lwezinto eziphilayo zenza ngcono kakhulu apha kunezinto eziqhelekileyo.

Inxalenye yokugqibela yoluhlu ke ijongana nenkunkuma yokutya kwaye ikunike iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokukuphepha ngokulula. Kungekudala apha.