Iziphumo zemozulu zemfazwe yaseUkraine: izinto ezikhutshwayo ezininzi njengeNetherlands

Imfazwe yaseUkraine yabangela ukuba kuqikelelwe kwi-100 lezigidi zeetoni zeCO2e kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe zokuqala. Oku kufana, ngokomzekelo, iNetherlands ikhupha ngexesha elifanayo. UMphathiswa wezeNdalo waseUkraine ubonise la manani kumnyhadala osecaleni wengqungquthela yemozulu yeCOP27 eSharm el Sheik.1. Uphononongo lwaqalwa yingcaphephe yeprojekthi yemozulu namandla eDatshi uLennard de Klerk, ohlale kwaye wasebenza eUkraine ixesha elide. Waphuhlisa iiprojekthi zemozulu kunye namandla kwishishini elinzima apho, kunye naseBulgaria naseRussia. Abameli beefemu ezininzi zokubonisana zamazwe ngamazwe zokukhusela imozulu kunye namandla avuselelekayo kunye nommeli we-Ukrainian yoMphathiswa wezokusiNgqongileyo basebenzisane kwisifundo.2.

Ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ngenxa yeentshukumo zeembacu, ubutshaba, imililo kunye nokwakhiwa ngokutsha kweziseko ezingundoqo zoluntu zavavanywa.

Indiza: 1,4 yezigidi zeetoni ze-CO2e

Uphononongo kuqala luphonononga iintshukumo zenqwelomoya ezibangelwe yimfazwe. Inani labantu ababaleka ummandla wemfazwe ukuya entshona Ukraine liqikelelwa kwizigidi ezisisi-6,2, yaye inani labo basabela kumazwe angaphandle lizizigidi ezisisi-7,7. Ngokusekelwe kwiindawo zokusuka kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, iindlela zothutho ezisetyenzisiweyo zinokuqikelelwa: imoto, uloliwe, ibhasi, iinqwelomoya ezimfutshane kunye nezihamba ixesha elide. Malunga nama-40 ekhulwini eembacu aye abuyela kwiidolophu zawo emva kokurhoxa kwemikhosi yaseRashiya. Lilonke, ubungakanani bokukhutshwa kwezithuthi kwinqwelomoya kuqikelelwa kwi-1,4 yezigidi zeetoni zeCO2e.

Imisebenzi yomkhosi: I-8,9 yezigidi zeetoni ze-CO2e

Amafutha efosili ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yasemkhosini. Zisetyenziselwa iitanki kunye nezithuthi ezixhobileyo, iinqwelomoya, abathuthi beembumbulu, amajoni, ukutya kunye nezinye izinto. Kodwa izithuthi zasekuhlaleni ezifana nokuhlangula kunye neenjini zomlilo, iibhasi zokufuduka, njl njl. Ezo nkcukacha kunzima ukuzifumana nangexesha loxolo, singasathethi ke ngemfazwe. Ukusetyenziswa komkhosi waseRussia kuqikelelwa kwi-1,5 yezigidi zeetoni ngokusekwe kukuhanjiswa kwamafutha okujongwayo ukuya kwindawo yemfazwe. Ababhali babala ukusetyenziswa komkhosi wase-Ukraine kwi-0,5 yezigidi zeetoni. Bawuchaza umahluko ngokuthi umkhosi waseUkraine uneendlela ezimfutshane zokufumana iimpahla kunabahlaseli yaye ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa izixhobo neenqwelo ezikhaphukhaphu. Iyonke i-2 yezigidi zeetoni zamafutha zibangele ukukhutshwa kwe-6,37 yezigidi zeetoni zeCO2e.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kwakhona kubangela ukukhutshwa okukhulu: ngexesha lemveliso, ngexesha lokuthutha, xa i-propellant itshisa xa ikhutshwa kwaye xa i-propellant iqhuma kwimpembelelo. Uqikelelo lokusetyenziswa kwamaqokobhe eembumbulu hluka phakathi kwama-5.000 nama-60.000 ngosuku. Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yokukhutshwa kubangelwa ukuveliswa kweeprojectiles (ijekethi yensimbi kunye neziqhushumbisi). Lilonke, ukukhutshwa kwezixhobo zemfazwe kuqikelelwa kwi-1,2 yezigidi zeetoni zeCO2e.

Imililo: 23,8 yezigidi zeetoni zeCO2e

Idatha yeSatellite ibonisa ukuba mingaphi imililo-ebangelwa yi-shelling, ibhombu kunye nemigodi-yenyukile kwiindawo zemfazwe xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka odlulileyo: inani lemililo enendawo engaphezulu kwe-1 ha yonyuke i-122-fold, indawo echaphazelekayo i-38 -goba. Imililo yamahlathi ichaza uninzi lwale Ukukhutshwa kwemililo kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe zokuqala zemfazwe kubalelwa kwi-23,8 yezigidi zeetoni ze-CO2e.

Ukwakhiwa kwakhona: I-48,7 yezigidi zeetoni ze-CO2e

Uninzi lwezinto ezikhutshwayo ezibangelwa yimfazwe ziya kuvela ekwakhiweni ngokutsha kweziseko ezingundoqo ezitshatyalalisiwe zabahlali. Ezinye zezi sele zenzekile ngexesha lemfazwe, kodwa uninzi lolwakhiwo ngokutsha aluyi kuqalisa de kube semva kokuphela kwemfazwe. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, abasemagunyeni baseUkraine baye babhala intshabalalo ebangelwe bubutshaba. Idatha eqokelelwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo yalungiswa yaba yingxelo yeSikolo sezoQoqosho saseKyiv ngokubambisana neqela leengcali ezivela kwiBhanki yehlabathi.

Uninzi lwentshabalalo ikwicandelo lezindlu (58%). Ukususela ngoSeptemba 1, 2022, izindlu zedolophu eziyi-6.153 9.490 ziye zatshatyalaliswa kwaza kwatshatyalaliswa ezingama-65.847 54.069. Kwatshatyalaliswa amakhaya abantu abangama-2 2 aza wonakaliswa angama-28,4. Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kuya kuthathela ingqalelo izinto ezintsha: ngenxa yokuhla kwabantu, ayizizo zonke izindlu eziya kubuyiselwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagumbi e-Soviet-era mancinci kakhulu ngemigangatho yanamhlanje. Amagumbi amatsha mhlawumbi aya kuba makhulu. Inkqubo yangoku yokwakha eMpuma nakuMbindi Yurophu yayisetyenziselwa ukubala ukukhutshwa. Ukuveliswa kwesamente kunye nezitena ngumthombo omkhulu wokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 Okutsha, izixhobo zokwakha ezingaphantsi kwekhabhoni zinokuthi zifumaneke, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu bentshabalalo, uninzi lolwakhiwo luya kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela zangoku. Ukukhutshwa kokwakhiwa kwakhona kweeyunithi zezindlu kuqikelelwa kwi-48,7 yezigidi zeetoni ze-COXNUMXe, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kweziseko zoluntu - izikolo, izibhedlele, amaziko enkcubeko kunye nezemidlalo, izakhiwo zenkolo, izityalo zoshishino, iivenkile, izithuthi - kwi-XNUMX yezigidi zeetoni.

IMethane evela kwiNord Stream 1 kunye ne-2: 14,6 yezigidi zeetoni CO2e

Ababhali bakwabala i-methane eyasindayo xa i-Nord Stream Pipelines yonakaliswa njengokukhutshwa kweentshukumo zeembacu, imisebenzi yokulwa, imililo kunye nokwakhiwa ngokutsha. Ngelixa kungaziwa ukuba ngubani owenze i-sabotage, kubonakala ngathi inxulumene nemfazwe yaseUkraine. Imethane ebalekile ihambelana ne-14,6 yezigidi zeetoni zeCO2e.

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Ifoto yeqweqwe ngu Luaks Johnns phezu pixabay

1 https://seors.unfccc.int/applications/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=U2VUG9IVUZUOLJ3GOC6PKKERKXUO3DYJ , bona kwakho: https://climateonline.net/2022/11/04/ukraine-cop27/

2 Klerk, Lennard de; Shmurak, Anatolii; uGassan-Zade, uOlga; Shlapak, Mykola; uTomolyak, uKyryl; Korthuis, Adriaan (2022): Ukonakaliswa Kwemozulu Okubangelwa yiMfazwe yaseRashiya e-Ukraine: UMphathiswa woKhuseleko lweNdalo kunye neMithombo yeNdalo yase-Ukraine. Kwi-intanethi: https://climatefocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ClimateDamageinUkraine.pdf