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Indawo yekhabhoni yomkhosi: 2% yezinto ezikhutshwayo zehlabathi


nguMartin Auer

Ukuba imikhosi yehlabathi yayililizwe, yayiza kuba neyona ndawo yesine inkulu yekhabhoni, enkulu kunaleyo yaseRashiya. Uphononongo olutsha olwenziwa nguStuart Parkinson (Izazinzulu zoXanduva lweHlabathi, i-SGR) kunye noLinsey Cottrell (i-Conflict and Environment Observatory, i-CEOBS) ifumanisa ukuba i-2% ye-CO5,5 ekhutshwayo yehlabathi ibangelwa yimikhosi yehlabathi.1.

Idatha yokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse yomkhosi ihlala ingaphelelanga, ifihliwe kwiindidi eziqhelekileyo, okanye ayiqokelelwa kwaphela. Izazinzulu zekamva ziphelile le ngxaki sele ixeliwe. Kukho izikhewu ezinkulu kwiingxelo zamazwe ngokweNgqungquthela yeSikhokelo se-UNFCCC ngoTshintsho lweMozulu. Oku, ababhali bophononongo bakholelwa, sesinye sezizathu zokuba inzululwazi yemozulu ingayihoyi le nto. Kwingxelo yangoku ye-IPCC, yesithandathu, igalelo lomkhosi kutshintsho lwemozulu kunzima ukuba kujongwane nalo.

Ukubonisa ukubaluleka kwengxaki, uphononongo lusebenzisa idatha ekhoyo evela kwinani elincinci lamazwe ukukhupha iigesi ezipheleleyo ze-greenhouse zomkhosi. Idityaniswe koku lithemba lokuqalisa izifundo ezineenkcukacha ngakumbi kwihlabathi jikelele, kunye neenzame zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse yomkhosi.

Ukukunika umbono wendlela abaphandi abavela kwi-SGR kunye ne-CEOBS beze ngayo kwiziphumo zabo, nantsi inkcazo erhabaxa yendlela. Inkcazo eneenkcukacha inokufumaneka apha apha.

Idatha encinci iyafumaneka kwi-greenhouse gas ekhutshwayo e-US, UK kunye namanye amazwe e-EU. Ezinye zazo zabhengezwa ngokuthe ngqo ngabaphathi bomkhosi, abanye nge uphando oluzimeleyo ezimisele.

Abaphandi bathatha inani labasebenzi basemkhosini abasebenzayo kwilizwe ngalinye okanye kummandla wehlabathi njengendawo yokuqala. Ezi zinto ziqokelelwa minyaka le yi-International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS).

Amanani athembekileyo ngokwentelekiso malunga nezinto ezikhutshwayo ezimileyo (o.k.t. ukusuka kwizisele, ii-ofisi, amaziko edatha, njl.njl.) ngomntu ngamnye afumaneka e-USA, Great Britain naseJamani. KwiGreat Britain yi-5 t CO2e ngonyaka, eJamani 5,1 t CO2e kunye nase-USA 12,9 t CO2e. Kuba la mazwe mathathu edibene sele enoxanduva lwe-45% yenkcitho yasemkhosini yehlabathi, abaphandi babona le datha njengesiseko esisebenzayo sokukhupha ngaphandle. Uqikelelo lubandakanya iqondo ngokwalo loshishino, isabelo sefosili kusetyenziso lwamandla, kunye nenani leziseko zomkhosi kwimimandla enemozulu egqithisileyo efuna amandla angakumbi okufudumeza okanye ukupholisa. Iziphumo ze-USA zikwajongwa njengesiqhelo eCanada, eRussia naseUkraine. I-9 t CO2e ngomntu ngamnye ithathwa e-Asiya nase-Oceania, ngokunjalo nakuMbindi Mpuma nakuMntla Afrika. I-5 t CO2e icingelwa eYurophu naseLatin America kunye ne-2,5 t CO2e ngomntu ngamnye nangonyaka kwi-Afrika ekwi-sub-Sahara. La manani aphinda-phindwe ngenani lamajoni asebenzayo kummandla ngamnye.

Kwamanye amazwe abalulekileyo umntu usenokufumana umlinganiselo wezinto ezikhutshwayo ezimileyo nezihambayo, oko kukuthi, ukukhutshwa kweenqwelomoya, iinqanawa, iinkwili, izithuthi ezihamba emhlabeni kunye neziphekepheke. Umzekelo, eJamani izinto ezikhutshwayo eziziimobhayili zingama-70% kuphela, ngelixa e-UK izinto ezikhutshwayo eziziimobhayili zingama-260% ezimileyo. Izinto ezikhutshwayo ezimileyo zinokuphindaphindwa ngalo mba.

Igalelo lokugqibela kukukhutshwa kwezinto ezivela kwiintambo zokubonelela, oko kukuthi ukusuka kwimveliso yempahla yempi, ukusuka kwizixhobo ukuya kwizithuthi ukuya kwizakhiwo kunye neeyunifomu. Apha, abaphandi bakwazi ukuthembela kulwazi oluvela kwiinkampani zezixhobo zelizwe ezisebenzayo iThales kunye neFincantieri, umzekelo. Ukongeza, kukho iinkcukacha-manani zoqoqosho ngokubanzi ezibonisa umlinganiselo wokukhutshwa kokusebenza kunye nezinto ezikhutshwayo ezivela kumakhonkco okubonelela ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo. Abaphandi bacinga ukuba izinto ezikhutshwayo ezivela kwimveliso yeempahla ezahlukeneyo zomkhosi ngamaxesha angama-5,8 aphezulu njengokukhutshwa kokusebenza komkhosi.

Ngokutsho kophononongo, oku kubangela i-carbon footprint yomkhosi phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-1.644 yezigidi zeetoni ze-CO3.484e, okanye phakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-3,3% ye-emissions yehlabathi.

Ukukhutshwa kwemisebenzi yomkhosi kunye nekhabhoni epheleleyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi kwizigidi zeetoni CO2e

La manani awabandakanyi ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse evela kwizenzo zemfazwe ezinjengomlilo, umonakalo kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye ne-ecosystem, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kunye nokhathalelo lwezonyango kwabo basindileyo.

Abaphandi bagxininisa ukuba ukukhutshwa komkhosi kuphakathi kwezo urhulumente anokuthi aziphembelele ngokuthe ngqo ngenkcitho yakhe emkhosini, kodwa nangemigaqo. Ukwenza oku, nangona kunjalo, ukukhutshwa komkhosi kufuneka kuqala kulinganiswe. I-CEOBS ine Isakhelo sokurekhoda ukukhutshwa komkhosi phantsi kwe-UNFCCC ilungisiwe .

Isihloko somfanekiso: uMartin Auer

1 uParkinson, uStuart; eCottrell; ULinsey (2022): Uqikelelo lweGas yeGlobal Greenhouse yoMkhosi. Lancaster, Mytholmroyd. https://ceobs.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/SGRCEOBS-Estimating_Global_MIlitary_GHG_Emissions_Nov22_rev.pdf

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