Akunjalo, iminqweno yabantu abaninzi isikelwe umda

nguMartin Auer

Iincwadi zezifundo zezoqoqosho ziyakuthanda ukuchaza ingxaki esisiseko yezoqoqosho ngolu hlobo: Iindlela abantu abazifumanayo zilinganiselwe, kodwa iminqweno yabantu ayinamda. Into yokuba kuyimvelo yomntu ukufuna okungakumbi ngokuqhelekileyo yinkolelo ekholelwa ngokubanzi. Kodwa ngaba yinyaniso? Ukuba bekuyinyani, bekuya kubonisa umqobo omkhulu wokusebenzisa izixhobo esizinikwa sisijikelezi-langa ngendlela ezinzileyo.

Kufuneka uhlukanise phakathi kwezinto ozifunayo kunye neemfuno. Kukwakho nezidingo ezisisiseko ezifuna ukwaneliseka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, njengokutya nokusela. Ngoxa ezi zingenakuze zaneliseke ngokupheleleyo logama nje umntu esaphila, azifuni ukuba ubani aziqokelele ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kuyafana nangeemfuno zempahla, indawo yokuhlala, njl.njl., apho iimpahla kufuneka zitshintshwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengoko ziguga. Kodwa ukuba neminqweno engapheliyo kuthetha ukufuna ukuqokelela kunye nokutya izinto ezininzi.

Iingcali zengqondo uPaul G. Bain kunye noRenate Bongiorno abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseBath eGreat Britain baye benza uvavanyo [1] yenziwe ukucacisa ngakumbi ngalo mba. Bahlola ukuba yimalini abantu abakumazwe angama-33 abakumazwekazi ama-6 abanokuyifuna ukuze bakwazi ukuphila ubomi “obugqwesileyo”. Abaphenduli kufuneka bacinge ukuba banokukhetha phakathi kweelotho ezahlukeneyo ezinezixa ezahlukeneyo zemali yebhaso. Ukuphumelela ilotho akubandakanyi naziphi na izibophelelo zombulelo, iimbophelelo zobungcali okanye ishishini okanye uxanduva. Kubantu abaninzi, ukuphumelela ilotho yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yobutyebi abanokuzicingela ngokwabo. Amabhaso eephuli zelotho ezahlukeneyo aqale kwi-10.000 yeedola kwaye anda ngokuphindwe kalishumi sihlandlo ngasinye, oko kukuthi i-100.000, 1 yeedola, i-100 yezigidi zeedola njalo njalo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 leebhiliyoni zeedola. Yonke ilotho kufuneka ibe nethuba elifanayo lokuphumelela, ke ukuphumelela i-10.000 leebhiliyoni zeedola kufanele kube kanye njengokuphumelela i-8 yeedola. Ukucinga kwezazinzulu yayikukuba abantu abaneminqweno engenamkhawulo bafuna imali eninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, oko kukuthi baya kukhetha ithuba eliphezulu lenzuzo. Bonke abanye abakhetha impumelelo encinci kuya kufuneka ngokucacileyo babe neminqweno elinganiselweyo. Isiphumo sifanele sibamangalise ababhali beencwadi zezifundo zoqoqosho: liqaqobana elifuna ukufumana imali eninzi kangangoko, phakathi kwe-39 ne-86 ekhulwini kuxhomekeke kwilizwe. Kumazwe angama-10 ekhulwini, inkoliso yabantu yayikholelwa ukuba yayinokuphila ubomi bayo obufezekileyo ngeedola ezili-100 lezigidi okanye ngaphantsi, yaye kwamanye amazwe, i-$10 yesigidi okanye ngaphantsi yayiya kunceda uninzi lwabo babephendula. Izixa eziphakathi kwe-XNUMX lezigidi kunye ne-XNUMX leebhiliyoni bezinemfuno encinane. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu bagqibe ekubeni - ngokwentelekiso - imali encinci okanye bafuna yonke into. Kubaphandi, oku kuthetha ukuba banokwahlula abaphenduli ukuba "banganeliseki" kunye nabo baneminqweno elinganiselwe. Umlinganiselo we "voracious" wawuphantse ufane kumazwe "aphuhlileyo" kunye "namazwe aphuhliswe kancinci". "Abanganelisekiyo" babedla ngokufumaneka kubantu abaselula abahlala ezixekweni. Kodwa unxulumano phakathi kwe “voracious” kunye nabo baneminqweno elinganiselweyo alwahlukanga ngokwesini, udidi lwentlalontle, imfundo okanye utyekelo lwezopolitiko. Abanye “abanoburhalarhume” bathi bafuna ukusebenzisa ubutyebi babo ekusombululeni iingxaki zentlalo, kodwa uninzi lwamaqela omabini bafuna ukusebenzisa ingeniso bona kuphela, usapho kunye nabahlobo babo. 

I-1 yezigidi zeedola ukuya kwi-10 lezigidi zeedola-uluhlu apho abaninzi abaphendulayo bebenokuthi baphile ubomi babo obugqibeleleyo - lugqalwa njengobutyebi, ngakumbi kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo. Kodwa oko akuyi kuba bubutyebi obugqithisileyo ngemigangatho yaseNtshona. Kweminye imimandla yaseNew York okanye eLondon, isigidi seerandi asinakuthenga ikhaya losapho, kwaye ubutyebi bezigidi ezili-10 zeedola bungaphantsi komvuzo wonyaka wabaphathi abaphezulu beenkampani ezinkulu ezingama-350 zase-US, eziphakathi kwe-14 lezigidi zeedola kunye ne-17 yeedola. izigidi. 

Ukuqonda ukuba iminqweno yabantu abaninzi ayineliseki kunemiphumo efikelela kude. Inqaku elibalulekileyo lelokuba abantu bahlala bengenzi ngokweenkolelo zabo, kodwa kwinto abacinga ukuba yinkolelo yesininzi. Ngokutsho kwababhali, xa abantu besazi ukuba "kuyinto eqhelekileyo" ukuba neminqweno elinganiselweyo, abathinteli kakhulu kwi-stimuli eqhubekayo yokutya ngaphezulu. Enye ingongoma yeyokuba impikiswano ephambili yengcamango yokukhula koqoqosho olungenamkhawulo ayisebenzi. Kwelinye icala, oku kuqonda kunokunika ubunzima obungakumbi kwiingxoxo zerhafu kwizityebi. Irhafu kubutyebi obungaphaya kwe-10 lezigidi zeedola ayinakunqanda indlela yokuphila yabantu “eyiyo ngokupheleleyo”. Ukuqonda ukuba iminqweno yabantu abaninzi ilinganiselwe kufanele kusinike inkalipho ukuba sifuna ukukhuthaza ukuzinza ngakumbi kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi.

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[1] Umthombo: Bain, PG, Bongiorno, R. Ubungqina obuvela kumazwe angama-33 bucela umngeni kwingcinga yokufuna okungenamkhawulo. Nat Sustain 5: 669-673 (2022).
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-022-00902-y