Helmut Melzer
Wonke umntu ucinga ukuba iicomputer zasekhaya zizinto ezipholileyo ngokwenene, kodwa zenzelwe ii-freaks zangempela. Iminyaka eyi-20 elungileyo yayicinga loo nto. Umshicileli we-3D wenza okufanayo. Akukho mntu uprinta izintso elitsha etafileni yasekhitshini. Kodwa loo nto ayithethi ukuba ayinakwenzeka. "- U-2009 wayengumyili oyintloko weqela eliphambili likaMichael Curry eMakerbot Viwanda, isiqalo esifuna ukuguqula umhlaba. Uluvo lobuhlakani lwabasunguli uBre Pettis, uZach Hoeken kunye no-Adam Mayer: "Siza nezixhobo ezazinemilinganiselo eyintloko yegama kwaye zazixabisekileyo kwidesika. Endaweni yedola ye200.000, oomatshini abancinci kufuneka babize i-200 yedola kuphela.
Ngokuqulunqwa kwemveliso esele isungulwe nguChuck Hull (3D Systems), kodwa ubukhulu becala isetyenziselwa umshicileli we-3D umshicileli, ubufuna ukulandela emanyathelweni kaSteve Jobs. Wayekwenzile kunye no-Apple, waguqula ikhompyuter yegama eliphambili laba ziikhompyuter ezincinci ekhaya. Ngoku uMphathi we-Executivebot u-Bre Pettis wayefuna ukuba yi-guru entsha ye-Digital Age. Akuzange kusebenze: Okwangoku, yena kunye uninzi lwabanye ababandakanyekayo baphulukana nemisebenzi yabo. I-Stratasys, inkampani eyenza ukuba abashicileli abakhulu be-3D baprinte, bathenge nje uMenzibot - emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iyasimangalisa i-604 yezigidi zeedola.
Kwelinye icala, uMax Lobovsky, osebenzisene namaqabane uDavid Cranor noNatan Linder kwiqonga elikhulu kakhulu lokubuyiswa kwemali emhlabeni, uKickstarter, unamathuba okuphumelela kwemisebenzi. Ngeentsuku nje ze-2011, iFomlabs yabo yokuqala iphakamise i-$ 30 yezigidi zeedola ukuze kuphuhliswe umshicileli we-2,9D oprinta kakhulu. Kodwa uLebovsky unezinye izinto ezixhalabisayo ngoku: Iinkqubo ze-3D, umenzi wezinto oshicilelayo we-3D, unetyala lokophula amanye amalungelo awodwa aphambili e-3.
INFO: 3D yoshicilelo
Umvelisi wokushicilela we-3D ngu-US-American Chuck Hull wenkampani i-3D Systems, esele ibhalisile ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi we-1986.
Utshintsho lwetekhnoloji i-3D abashicileli basebenza ngolu hlobo: Itemplate yedijithali yathunyelwa kumshicileli we-3D, ovelisa umaleko wento ngumaleko. Umahluko kufuneka wenziwe phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo: Imodeli yokuBekwa kwimeko yokuBala, umzekelo, ithwala imigqomo yamachaphaza eplastiki engamanzi. Eyona nto ikhula ngakumbi kwi-stereolithography foses resins okanye iinyithi zisebenzisa i-lasers. Kwiindlela zangaphambili zokuprinta i-3D, kusetyenziswa kuphela izixhobo ezizodwa, i-Hewlett-Packard ibonakalise ekupheleni kuka-Okthobha i-2014 umshicileli we-3D, apho kudityaniswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zolwelo.
Abaprintayo be-3 sele bevavanywa kwimveliso yokutya: I-2014 ibifuna ukufumana into yokuqala "Imitshini yendalo" ngeqonga lokubuyisa imali kwi-Kickstarter 100.000 Idola yokuvelisa iFoodini. Esi sixhobo kufuneka sikwazi ukudala iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezitya, ukusuka kwi-ravioli ezelekileyo ukuya kwi-burger kunye neepiza, ngelixa kufaka isandla ekutyeni okunempilo. Nangona iidola ze-80.000 kuphela zidibene, umshicileli wokutya useza kuza kuthengiswa kulo nyaka.
Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yayiprinta ye-3D ngu-Cody Wilson wase-US, ovelise i-Liberator ye-2014, umpu wokuqala oprintwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye wayivavanya ngempumelelo kwikhamera. Kwiindawo ezininzi, ke, ukushicilelwa kweenxalenye zezixhobo kwiprinta ye-3D akuvumelekanga. Izicelo ezonwabisa ngakumbi zibandakanya ukuveliswa kwengalo kunye neeprashi zomlenze ngeendleko ze-euro ezimbalwa.
Isikhuseli-phepha esikhutshelweyo
Utshintsho lwetekhnoloji ebhengeziweyo luyaqhubeka, nangona kunjalo. Naye ayisahlali malunga neebhithi zedijithali, kodwa ii-atom. Umshicileli ophuma kwinqaku le-Star Trek SciFi ngumzekelo obalaseleyo womshicileli we-3D: kwenza ukuba kube nako ukwenza nayiphi na into erekhodwe ngaphambili okanye ecwangcisiweyo kwisakhiwo sayo seatomic. Ewe, uguquko lwetekhnoloji alukho kude kangako, kodwa abashicileli be-3D sele befezekisile into engenakuthelekiswa nanto: Bavelisa iinxalenye zezithuthi kunye nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, i-prostheses, imipu epheleleyo kunye nezitho.
Iziphumo zohlaziyo lwetekhnoloji olulandelayo
Ngaphandle kwemicimbi yokuziphatha, iziphumo zoshicilelo lwe3D azibonakali kwangaphambili. Ngokukodwa, izakhiwo zoqoqosho zinokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Ukuyothenga? Ntoni? Mhlawumbi kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi yonke into iya kuprintwa ekhaya - ngeziphumo ezibi kakhulu kubavelisi, abakhweli kunye nawo onke amanye amacandelo ezoqoqosho. Kodwa ngaba mhlawumbi olu phuhliso lelinye inyathelo eliya kwindalo? Oku nako kungazisela ikamva: akukho sithuba siphezulu, kodwa yonke into ebekiweyo, ikwathetha ukugcinwa kwezixhobo kwaye mhlawumbi kuncitshiswe kakhulu iindlela zothutho.
Abaprinta be3D baya kusetyenziswa ngokuyintloko njenge "hubs" kwixa elizayo. Ke njengamaziko abelwe iziko elitsha, apho abaqulunqi kunye nabavelisi bedibana khona. Amathuba aphezulu aphezulu okuba uxinzelelo lwe3D alukho kwindawo yabucala, kodwa kumanyano lwengingqi, ”utshilo uHarry Gatterer we-Zukunftsinstitut eqinisekile. "Kumanqanaba amaninzi, iyavakala into yokuba amandla kunye nezixhobo zikhona kwaye nepropathi enengqondo ihlawulwe. Oku kushenxisa ishishini ukusuka kwimveliso emininzi ukuya kuyilo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzibandakanya kwe-classical kuhlala kuxhaswe kwiindawo ezininzi ngenxa yokuba ayisiyiyo yonke imveliso enokuguqulelwa kwiinkqubo ze-3D. Ibhalansi iba mnandi. "
Ukuphela kwenkqubo yeTV
Kodwa masingacingi ngoku kude kwikamva, sele ikho. Uhlaziyo lwetekhnoloji, umzekelo, lujika izinto ezendeleyo zijongise ezantsi. I-Epub, Mp3, Avi kunye nayo yonke enye incwadi yedijithali, umculo kunye neefomathi zefilimu sele zitsala umgca phantsi kokuxhaphaza okuqhelekileyo kwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Igama elingundoqo: ireyithi tyaba. Ngababoneleli abanjengoNetflix, iSpotify kunye neCo, iinkqubo zikamabonakude kunye nerediyo zisongelwa ngokuphela ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha elizayo liyasetyenziswa de ube uyalahla, nini kwaye phi apho ndifuna-kwaye ngokusemthethweni ngokusemthethweni kwixabiso eliqingqiweyo lenyanga.
Nditsho no-Ari Reichental, i-CEO ye-3D Systems, esongela amabango okwaphula umthetho wamalungelo okushicilela e-3D, ithi: "Uninzi lweenkampani nemibutho yenzelwe ukukhusela nokukhusela iipropathi zabo. Oku akukabikho nanamhlanje. Umthetho wepatent kunye nelungelo lokushicilela ziphelelwe lixesha. Banyanzela iinkampani ukuba zisebenze ngokungakhathali. Kuya kufuneka senze izinto ezingahambelani nombono wethu. "
Utshintsho lwetekhnoloji VR: Misa ukusebenzisa izinto ezingafunekiyo?
Olunye uphuhliso olukhulu ziiglasi zeVR (i-Virtual Reality), ethi ngoku igqithele kwilizwe ledijithali - kwi-3D kunye nekhwalithi yecinema enezinto eziguqula isikhokelo somfanekiso wentshukumo yentloko. Ukuqala kwe-Oculus Rift - i-2014 ithengwe malunga ne-400 yezigidi kunye ne-1,6 yezigidi zeedola kwizabelo ze-Facebook - sele ingena kwimarike yemodeli yokuqala. Nangona ekuqaleni yenzelwe ikakhulu abadlali beekhompyuter kunye nethiyetha yasekhaya, kodwa oko kunokubangela ukutsiba "kuvuselelo oluhle". Khawufane ucinge: Ngequbuliso izixhobo ezinjengeeselfowuni akufuneki zenziwe zibize, kodwa ziphantse zasebenza njengangaphambili. Oku akwenzi kuphela amathuba angekacingeki ngaphambili, kodwa anokuthi anciphise ubukhulu bezinto ezingafunekiyo zehlabathi kunye neemfuno zezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngasiphi isakhiwo esine-ofisi, ukuba i-ofisi yedijithali mihle kakhulu kwaye umntu osebenza naye uhlala ecaleni kwayo? Ngaba uzama kwi-boutique? Isazisi esibonakalayo sibonisa ukuba kufanelekile kwi-intanethi uku-oda-ngaphandle kokushiya indlu. Nangona kunjalo, uGatterer we-Zukunftsinstitut uyathandabuza: "Ngokwokujonga kwethu, iiglasi zeVR ziya kuhlala sisihloko esincinci. Nangona enobuhlakani obuphezulu kubuhle obuninzi kwaye eneneni wenza ixabiso elongeziweyo. Kukho iimpikiswano ezininzi ezichasene nesicelo esikhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla: ukwaphula imfihlo, ukuphazamiseka ngokusisigxina kwaye (kunokuba kwandiswe) umbono olinganiselweyo.
INFO: Inyani yokwenene
Kwixesha elizayo, iiglasi zeVR eziphuma kwi-Oculus Rift, umzekelo, ziya kuvumela indlela ungene kumhlaba omtsha wehlabathi. Esi sixhobo senziwe kunye namandla okutshintsha kobuchwephesha yiMelika uPalmer Luckey, oqala "u-Oculus Rift" 2012 walanda nge-2,5 yezigidi ze-euro kwiphaneli yokufumana imali kwi-Kickstarter. I-2013 ikhuphe izixhobo zokuqala zophuhliso, imodeli yokuqala yochungechunge kulindeleke kwi-2015 yokuphela kwimakethi. Ixabiso alikalungiswa, uguqulelo lwangoku lixabisa i-350 dollar.
Izinto ezinqumlayo zenkqubo yesigcina-ntloko yintsimi enkulu yokujonga kwaye ikakhulu izinzwa ezikhawulezayo, ezenza ukuba zikwazi ukubonisa imifanekiso ehambelana nayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo emva kokuhamba kwentloko. Umdibaniso we-3 axis gyroscope kunye neesantya zokukhawulezisa, kunye nekhamera eyongezelelweyo, yenzelwe ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza ekuphenduleni ngelixa i-magnetometer isetyenziselwa ukungqamanisa ngokufanelekileyo umfanekiso. Ngamanye amagama, kwihlabathi elibonakalayo, umntu uzibonela ngokwenyani- kwiradiyo ye-360 degree radius. Idibene nesisombululo se-HD, Iziphumo ze-3D kunye nolawulo lwesandi oluchanekileyo, amava amatsha anokwenzeka.
Ngo-Matshi, i-2014 yabhengeza ukufunyanwa kwe-Facebook kwe-Oculus VR ngexabiso lokuthenga nge-400 yezigidi zeedola kwimali ekhoyo kunye nee-1,6 zezigidi zeedola kwizabelo ze-Facebook. Ngokuhambelana, iiglasi ze-VR azilindelanga ukuba zihlale ziyimveliso ye-niche kwaye ngokukhawuleza uninzi lwezicelo ziya kubakho. Nangona imidlalo yekhompyuter kunye nethiyetha yasekhaya ziya kuba zindawo zokuqala zesicelo, iFacebook inokulindeleka kakhulu malunga nonxibelelwano kunye nenethiwekhi yoluntu.
Amagunya amatsha kwicandelo lezamandla
U-Lars Thomson ovela kwi-Ofisi yase-Swiss ye-Innovation kunye ne-futures yoPhando sele ebhengeza "inkqubo etsiba izixhobo ezibukrelekrele" iminyaka: "Okokuqala, abantu babenakekela oomatshini, kungekudala iza kuba yenye indlela ejikelezayo." Kungekudala izindlu kunye neenkonzo zokwakha ziya kudibana ukwenza inkqubo epheleleyo. , ngaphezu koko, sebenzisana neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo kwi-Intanethi. Ngokutsho kwengcali ye-futurologist, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-700 umntu ngamnye "izinto" ziya kubaleka ngokungabonakaliyo endlwini - "iigridi ezityebileyo" ziyinxalenye yazo kuphela. Umzekelo: Inkqubo ye-automation yasekhaya ibeka isikhundla somnini wayo phesheya kwiselfowuni yakhe kwaye iphawula ukuba ukubuyela ekhayeni ngenxa yomgama akuphumi. Inkqubo ithathe isigqibo ngokwayo ukuba ubushushu abuyi kuqala.
Nangona kunjalo, "iidridi ezihlakaniphile" zikwabhekisa kuthungelwano lwamandla lwexesha elizayo, olunokuboyisa yonke imakethi yentengiso: Ingxaki yangoku: amandla, ngakumbi amandla ahlaziyiweyo, ahlala eveliswa xa kungekho mfuneko inkulu. IDenmark, phakathi kwezinye izinto, iiprojekthi zokulinga ziyaqhubeka ezisebenzisa iimoto zombane njengeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ukugcina amandla ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye namaxabiso aphantsi, kunye nokufumana kwi-intanethi xa zifuna ukunyuka. Sele ngoku kucingwa ngokuvakalayo malunga neemoto zasimahla, ezisebenza ngokuyintloko injongo: njengokugcinwa kwamandla.
UHarry Gatterer we-Zukunftsinstitut kubuchule bokuyila, amandla ophuhliso kunye nemiceli mngeni yekamva.
"Uqhushumbo lwedijithali lonxibelelwano sinalo kwihlabathi apho sithwaxeke khona kwiindawo ezininzi. Le mfuno egqithisileyo idala umbono wokuba "yonke into" iyatshintsha kwaye iyatshintsha "ngokukhawuleza kakhulu". Ewe, olo tshintsho lukhona "ngokugqwesileyo". Kodwa kuyinyani ukuba ubuchule obufikelelwa ngenene kwaye "buphucule" ubomi babantu buyehla njengoko ii-60s. Nokuba zingaphi na iipatent ezikhoyo, okanye zingaphi ii-software ezintsha ezibonakala emarikeni, uninzi lwezinto "ezinqabileyo" ngokuqinisekileyo zincinci kwaye azichukumisi kuthi. Sikwakwelixesha lokungazi okukhulu, okuqondakalayo ngokupheleleyo.
Isibakala sokuba sihlangabezana noluntu olukhulu loluntu kufuneka lusenze sikholelwe ukuba asizizo zonke izinto ezinokufumana ngokukhawuleza. Umphakathi oneminyaka eyi-60 awunakusebenza kuphela kwisantya se-ICE. Kodwa uluntu oludala lunokubakho kuluntu olunobulumko. Ayisiyonto imnandi leyo?
Amandla esibonayo avela ngenxa yokungalingani phakathi "ngaphakathi" kunye "nangaphandle". Umhlaba ojikeleze kuthi awubonakali uguquguqukayo kodwa uxakeke ngakumbi. Sibona iinkcukacha ezininzi zivelela kulo naluphi na icala, kwaye kufutshane nomfanekiso omkhulu. Asikhe silihoye intshukumo ekhokelela ekugqibeleni kumandla amakhulu, kwaye ke ngenxa yokuchaza ngaphezulu nayiphi na into ebambezeleyo imi ngendlela yethu "ngumkhwa". Kwaye: Siyayithanda i-apocalypse, yiyo loo nto ke silicokisa ngokukhawuleza lonke ilizwe elizayo kwizinto ezintsha zobuchwephesha: Iiglasi zedatha ezisivumela ukuba siphile kwihlabathi elimsulwa eliqinisekileyo. Itekhnoloji ye-RFID eguqula ngoko nangoko nayiphi na ipakethe yeentyatyambo ibe "yimbiza entle". Yintsomi le. Siphila ngokungazi kwilizwe lobugcisa-namhlanje, nangaphezulu kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa ngabantu kunye neengqondo zabo abathi ekugqibeleni basebenzise itekhnoloji. Kwaye ke siyakufikelela kwimida esingenakuyohlula. Siza kukora imida engenakwedlula. Ke ngoko, namhlanje kuyavakala ukuba yonke inkampani ithethe ngezinto ezintsha zobugcisa. Ukuba nobuhlobo-kubuhlobo, ukujongana nayo, ukuqonda inyani yedijithali. Oko kubalulekile. Kodwa emva koko, musa ukuyijongela phantsi imeko yentlalo. Zingaphi iingxoxo esizifumeneyo apho indawo yendawo yomzimba ibalasele ngokugqwesileyo? Ngokwenza njalo, sifumana into echaseneyo ngqo: okukhona silingisa ngokwedijithali, kokukhona kubaluleke ngakumbi kwaye kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba yindawo ebonakalayo, imvakalelo, amava, ukufumana indawo kunye nolwazi. Leyo yi-haptic, ayisiyonto. Okwangoku, umngeni woluntu lwethu kunye noqoqosho kukukhula ngokomoya - hayi kubuchwephesha. "
I-INFO: Utshintsho lwetekhnoloji: ubuchule obunokubakho
translation Real-ixesha
Umsebenzi wokuguqulela ngaxeshanye kwi-elektroniki uba yinto yokwenene: UGoogle uza kuguqula ilizwe: Ngaphandle kwesithintelo seLwimi lwehlabathi, umhlaba uyakhula kunye, ade onakalise umzi-mveliso wokuguqulela.
Bonisa kunye nentengiso
Ukuhanjiswa, kunye nentengiso, kungakho nje ukuba kubekho konke konke: kwitaxi, kwiibhodi, kuhola wangaphantsi. Kodwa ihamba ngakumbi: Ukuqwalaselwa kobuso kunye nokugxila kwe-acoustic kwenza ukuba indlela yomntu ngamnye inokwenzeka: "Molo, Mnumzana Paul! Kukho iselfowuni entsha ... "Eyona nto ikhethekileyo enokubakho yenziwa kwimiboniso eguquguqukayo, ekufuneka iqengqelwe kwikamva, umzekelo.
Iimoto ze-E njengokugcina amandla
Imoto yombane yasimahla evela kumboneleli wamandla? Abavelisi badinga amandla okugcina ukuze "bagcine". Kuba izithuthi zabucala zisetyenziswa ngomndilili weyure enye ngemini, zinako- ngelixa zixhunyiwe kwigridi yamandla-zikhonza njengendawo enkulu yokugcina izinto. Itrafikhi nganye umntu unokutshintsha.
Izinto ezenziwe ngobuchule
Lithemba elikhulu kushishino lwendwangu: iilaphu eziphezulu zenziwe ngengxubevange yemicu yesiko kunye nemicrosensors, ezilinganisa kwaye zihlalutya imisebenzi yomzimba walowo uzinxibileyo, zize ziwathumele kwii-smartphones nakwezinye izixhobo. Eminye imisebenzi inokwenzeka: ngesicelo, ilaphu elithambileyo ngesiquphe liba lukhuni kwaye lukhuni- lilungele intente.
