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Abamelene nokuzinza

Sonke siyayazi ukuba sidinga ngokungxamisekileyo ukutshintsha into yokucothisa ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokulahleka ngokukhawuleza kwezinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezopolitiko kunye neshishini azenzi nto okanye zenza kancinci. Yintoni ethintela utshintsho? Kwaye sibaqhekeza njani abo basichasayo?

Abamelene nokuzinza

"Abakholelwa ngokupheleleyo ekutshintsheni kwemozulu kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho ngabameli be-neoliberalism kwaye abo baxhamlayo ngabona bantu baphambili"

UStephan Schulmeister kubachasi bokuzinza

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye neempembelelo zotshintsho lwemozulu, kufuneka sinciphise ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi ukuya kuma-1,5 degrees ngaphezulu kwamanqanaba angaphambi kokusebenza. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ngokukhawuleza sinciphise ukukhutshwa kwegesi greenhouse ngo-2020 kunye nomhlaba kwizikhuphe z zero ngo-2050. Yile nto ithethwa ngabaphengululi bemozulu abavela kwihlabathi liphela kwaye kwathatyathwa izigqibo ngamalungu angama-196 e-United Nations Framework Convention kwi-Climate Change nge-12 kaDisemba ngo-2015 kwinkomfa yemozulu ye-UN eParis.

Iingxaki ezininzi zilindile

Kwaye ukutshintsha kwemozulu asikuphela kwengxaki etshayo. Ngokwengxelo yeWorld Biodiversity Council, malunga nesigidi esinye sezilwanyana kunye nezityalo I-IPBES, ethe yaziswa eluntwini ngoMeyi ka-2019, isoyikiswa ngokuphela. Uninzi lunokunyamalala kumashumi eminyaka ezayo ukuba akukho lutshintsho lukhulu kwizenzo zethu, ngakumbi kwezolimo.

Ngokokwenyani, sonke siyazi ukuba sidinga ngokungxamisekileyo ukuthatha amanyathelo ukunqanda ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukulahleka kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuxhaphazwa kwezinto zendalo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwemilambo kunye nolwandle, ukutywinwa komhlaba ochumileyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela kutshatyalaliswe iindlela zethu zokuphila - kwaye kungekuphela izolo . Sivile yonke imiyalezo enjalo kunye kwiinyanga nakwiminyaka edlulileyo. Ingxelo yesilumkiso Iqela leRoma Isihloko esithi “Imida yokuKhula” sapapashwa ngo-1972. Kwangoko nje ngo-1962, ugqirha webhayoloji waselwandle wase-US u-Rachel Carson wakhankanya imiphumo eyonakalisayo yokubulala izitshabalalisi kwindalo kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Silent Spring". Kwaye isithandi-sobulumko saseGeneva, isazi ngendalo kunye nombhali uJean-Jacques Rousseau wayesele ebhale kwisivumelwano malunga nepropathi ngenkulungwane ye-18: "... uyalahleka ukuba ulibale ukuba iziqhamo zezomntu wonke kodwa umhlaba awuyonto yomntu."
Yedwa, akukho mpendulo yaneleyo. Kwisandla esinye nomntu wonke. Impendulo kwezopolitiko nakwishishini ibaluleke nangakumbi, kuba isenzo sodwa asanele.

"Andinakuthatha isigqibo sokuba ibhasi ihamba phi okanye ayiyi ndawo," omnye umthathi-nxaxheba kugwayimbo lwemozulu uthetha njengomzekelo wokungabi nako kakhulu ukuthuthwa kwezithuthi zikawonke-wonke e-Austria. Kwaye wonke umntwana ngoku uyazi ukuba inqwelo moya yomoya inegalelo elikhulu kutshintsho lwemozulu, kodwa inerhafu kakhulu, kodwa ayinakho ukuyitshintsha. Ngokuchasene nolwazi olungcono, ukwakhiwa komgaqo weenqwelo moya wesithathu kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya iVienna kwakwenziwa. Ngomhla we-A4, i-Ostautobahn, ukwakhiwa kwendlela yesithathu phakathi kweFischamend neBruck an der Leitha West kuya kuqala ngonyaka ka-2023. Umhlaba obonakalayo obonakalayo kunye nendawo zendalo kumantla ezantsi kweOstriya kuya kudityaniswa nezinye iindlela eziphezulu kunye neendlela ezichazayo. Ngokwengxelo yayo, i-OMV edwelisiweyo "yaqala elona phulo likhulu lase-Austrian kwimbali yenkampani" ebusika bonyaka ka-2018 e-Weinviertel ukwenzela ukukhangela iidiphozithi zerhasi yendalo.

Abachasayo bokuzinza: i-neoliberalism

Kutheni yonke into ivumelekile okanye iphakanyisiwe nje, nangona abezopolitiko kunye noosomashishini kufuneka bazi ukuba ukuqhubekeka komgangatho kuya kukhokelela kwintlekele kwaye kubulale abantu abaninzi? Ngaba ucinga ngendlela egcinakalayo? Ithuba? Ukukhanyela iinyani kwimbono yexesha elifutshane lenzuzo? Ingcali yezoqoqosho uStephan Schulmeister uchaza ukunqongophala kokuphinda kuqondwe kwezopolitiko kulawulo lwendalo ngokuthi nangona zonke iingxaki, neoliberalism isekhona: Ngokwe-neoliberals, ukuthengisa kufuneka kubekwe phambili kulawulo lweenkqubo, ezopolitiko kufuneka zithathe indawo yangasemva. ukuya kwinqanaba. Ngo-1960s, ubungangamsha bezopolitiko busekhona, ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970 kwaye kuya kusanda ngoo-1990s, ukukhululeka kweenkampani zikarhulumente, ukwakhiwa kweziseko zentengiso kunye neemakethi zezemali zakhawuleziswa kwaye imeko yezempilo yaya isiba buthathaka, uyacacisa.

Ngeenguqu kwezopolitiko zisiya ngaseYurophu naseMelika kule minyaka idlulileyo, izibonelelo zentlalontle zinqunyanyisiwe, ubuzwe buye busasazeka, kwaye ubungqina obungqinayo ngokwesayensi (njengotshintsho lwemozulu) buyabuzwa. Bangabachasi bokuzinza. "Abona bantu balugatya kakhulu utshintsho lwemozulu kwezopolitiko nakuqoqosho ngabameli be-neoliberalism kwaye abo baxhamlayo ngabo baphumeleleyo," utshilo uStephan Schulmeister. Kodwa iingxaki zehlabathi zinokuconjululwa kuphela kwihlabathi liphela, yiyo loo nto izivumelwano zamazwe jikelele ezifana nesivumelwano sokukhusela imeko yeParis ka-2015 zibaluleke kangaka. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka wenze ngokuhambelana.

Ekuphunyezweni, nangona kunjalo, omnye utyhala ibhanti kwelinye okanye amanyathelo afunekayo kamva. I-China, umzekelo, i-vis-à-vis yamazwe asentshona: Sikhupha ngaphantsi kunawe, ke kufuneka sifumane amalungelo angakumbi okuphuma kunawe. Kwelinye icala, kunjalo, kuvuma uStephan Schulmeister, kodwa ukuba i-China, i-India kunye nabanye banokudibana namazwe ahambele phambili ngakwicala lokukhupha igesi eluhlaza, ukujolisa kwemozulu bekungafikeleleki kwaphela.
Okwesibini kukuba kusoloko kusithiwa wonke umntu makenze into ngexesha elinye, kuba kungenjalo oovulindlela abanomdla kulimo lwemozulu banokuba nengxaki yokukhuphisana. Eli bango alilunganga, utshilo uSkhulmeister.

Isindululo sakhe zezi: Kwi-European Union, indlela yamaxabiso ezinto ezirhubuluzayo iya kunyanzelwa, okuya kukhokelela ekunyukeni kancinci kwamaxabiso ngo-2050. Ixabiso elingaphezulu kwimalike yexabiso lentengiso yehlabathi liya kufuneka lithathwe yimali eguquguqukayo yecandelo lendalo kwaye isetyenziselwe utyalomali oluhambelana nemozulu (njengokuvuselelwa kwesakhiwo, ukwandiswa kwezithuthi zikawonke-wonke kunye nemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ...) kunye nokwenza intengo ekuhlaleni kwamaxabiso aphezulu kwimithombo yamandla apheleleyo. Ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya kuya kufuneka kuhlawulelwe irhafu enkulu kwaye, kunye nokubuya, imizila yoololiwe abahamba ngesantya esiphakamileyo kuya kufuneka yakhiwe eYurophu. "Ndichasene nesinyanzelo, kodwa ngokunyusa kancinci ukunyusa amaxabiso," ucacisa ezoqoqosho. Iirhafu ezinjalo ezinokuthetheleleka ngokwendalo ziya kuba zihambelana ne-WTO kwaye zingabi lucelomngeni lokuncintisana kwimarike yangaphakathi ye-EU, wongeza.

Ukuhamba ngenqwelo-moya kuye kwalungela ukhuphiswano. Akukho rhafu yepetroleum kwiparafini, akukho VAT kwitikiti lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, kunye nezibonelelo zeenqwelomoya. Irhafu iya kuqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye inyanzelise ukutshintshela kuloliwe okanye ukuhambisa umoya.

Abachasi bokuzinza: iimfuno zomntu ngamnye ziyahlula

Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso oluninzi olufanelekileyo kwi-European Union luvaliwe okanye lunkcenkceshela ngenxa yokuba amazwe angamalungu afuna ukuzifumanela inzuzo kunye namashishini abo.
Omnye umzekelo kukubulala ukhula glyphosate. Ngo-Okthobha ka-2017, iPalamente yase-Yuropa yazisa ukuyekiswa ngokupheleleyo kwe-glyphosate-herbicides ngo-Disemba 2022 kunye nezithintelo kwangoko zokusetyenziswa kwento. Inkundla yase-U.S yagweba kathathu ukuba i-glyphosate ibe negalelo kumhlaza womntu. Nangona kunjalo, i-EU ivume ukuba ityhefu yezityalo ngoNovemba ka-2017 iqhubeke iminyaka emihlanu. I-arhente yemichiza yaseYurophu i-ECHA ayithathi glyphosate njenge-carcinogenic. Ngokwengxelo yeGlobal 2000, ibonakalisile ukuba amalungu e-ECHA Commission ayabandakanyeka kushishino lweekhemikhali, ukuba izifundo ziye zavavanywa ngokungalunganga kwaye iziphumo ezibi azikhathalelwa. Inceda kuphela ukuba abantu abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka kubemi baqinisekise ukuba iimfuno zabo zibalulekile.
Ukutshintsha imikhwa kunzima.

Ukwenza uhambo lwedolophu eTel Aviv ngempelaveki okanye ukuya kunyango e-Ayurveda eIndiya, iholide yosapho eKenya okanye eBrazil yayigcinelwe abantu abakhethiweyo de kube yiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Ukuhamba emoyeni ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nendlela yokuphila "epholileyo" kuwenze lo mkhwa, ngakumbi abantu abafundileyo kwaye bahlala becinga ngendalo. Kodwa ukutshintsha imikhwa kunzima, utshilo uFred Luks, intloko yeZiko loKhuphiswano kuZwelonke eWU Vienna, oxhasa imibutho ngokokuzinza kwaye akakaze alahlekelwe lilizwi elinobuzaza. Ukongeza, kufuneka sitshintshe indlela esiziphatha ngayo ngokungakhange siyibone imiphumo yako.
Kodwa, utshilo uFred Luks: "Ndiyifumene iyisimanga ukuba abantu abancinci bavela NgoLwesihlanu ngeKamvaabo babuza ngeendlela zepolitiki eziqinisekileyo babuzwa ukuba ngaba bayaziphatha ngokwendalo. ”Abantu abadala ababuza le mibuzo okanye abatyhola abantu abancinci ngokusebenzisa iibhotile zeplastiki okanye ukuthenga iimpahla ezinqabileyo banokucinga ngcono malunga nokuba bakhetha bani. "Abezopolitiko banyulwa abafuna ukuba nobomi obunje ngeminyaka yoo-1950", ingcali yozinzo iyazibuza ngepolitiki ye "nostalgia".

Abamelene nokuzinza
Abamelene nokuzinza

"Inkqubo yezopolitiko idla ngokuphendula kuphela xa kwenzeka intlekele," utshilo uStephan Schulmeister, kodwa kusemva kwexesha lokutshintsha kwemozulu kuba iigesi zegreenhouse sele ikhuphe ziyaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwaye kuya kubakho ingxelo engalindelekanga. Ungayenza njani ipolitiki ukuba iphendule ngokukhawuleza? Yenza iimfuno ezithile, uhambise abantu abaninzi kuyo, bathungelane kwihlabathi liphela kwaye banamandla okuhlala, nokuba ngaphezulu kweminyaka, ucebisa ezoqoqosho.

UFred Luks ucebisa ukusebenzisa amandla akho kumabali afanelekileyo: “Andisathethi ke ngokuchasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Andikathethi nokuba umhlaba yidiski na. ”Kodwa akukho luncedo ekubizeni imeko yentlekele, bayazenza nje. Endaweni yoko, umntu kufuneka abonise indlela ebumnandi ngayo impilo ezinzileyo, umzekelo, ukuba bekukho iimoto ezimbalwa eVienna kwaye isitrato sinokusetyenziswa kwezinye iinjongo. Iinyani ezinzulu kufuneka zibesetafileni, utsho, kodwa kuya kufuneka wenze ezinye iindlela zibe nomtsalane.
UFred Luks ukholelwa ukuba ukuqonda ukuba awunakuqhubeka njengangaphambili sele kubanzi. Kulungiselelwe abo bangekaqinisekanga ngendima yakhe, uphakamisela incwadi ethi "Imperi Lifestyle" kaUlrich Brand noMarkus Wissen. Ezi nzululwazi zimbini ziyenza icace, umzekelo, ukuba akukho ngqi kangakanani kukhula okuqinileyo kubhaliso olutsha lwee-SUVs njenge "qhinga leengxaki". Ii-SUV zikhulu kwaye zinzima kuneemoto ezikwi-compact class, zisebenzisa ipetroli eninzi kakhulu, zivelisa iigesi ezingaphezulu kwegreenhouse kwaye, ngaphezulu, ziyingozi kakhulu kwamanye amaqela abandakanyeka kwingozi.

Imbono yehlabathi ayikho

Wonke umntu unomdla kubo kunye nehlabathi labo kwaye uzama ukuqinisekisa ukusinda okanye ubomi bosapho lwabo. Isithuba esikhulu kunye nexesha elininzi elinxulumene nengxaki, lincinci inani labantu abajongana nesisombululo, ngokwaziswa kwencwadi ethi "I-Limits to ukukhula" ukusuka kunyaka Bambalwa abantu ngoko ke banembono yehlabathi jikelele eya kufikelela nakude kwikamva.
UHans Punzenberger, owazalelwa eUpper Austria kwaye uhlala eVorarlberg, unombono onjalo. Usebenze ekusasazeni iinkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo kangangeminyaka engama-20, ngoku ukwabandakanyeka kwi "Klimacent". Le rhafu ngokuzithandela yeyokuba oomasipala abangama-35 kunye namashishini nabantu babucala eVorarlberg sele behlawula kwingxowa yemozulu, oko kusenza ukuba kutyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi kunye namanyathelo okukhusela imeko yemozulu. Endaweni yokulinda inkxaso-mali yoluntu, abathathi-nxaxheba bazibhokoxayo ngokwabo kwaye basasaza imali ngokungafihlisiyo nangokudibeneyo. "Sifuna inkcubeko entsha yobumbano," utsho uHans Punzenberger ngenkanuko.

Okanye ngaba unomsindo ngakumbi?

Umbhali wase-Bhritane kunye nomzabalazo wezendalo uGeorge Monbiot bayibeka kakhulu kwiphephandaba I-Guardian ngo-Epreli ka-2019: "Kukuvukela kuphela okuya kuthintela i-apocalypse yendalo" - imvukelo kuphela eya kuthintela i-apocalypse yendalo. Iqela "I-Extinction Rebellion" (XR), eyasekwa eGreater Britain njengentshukumo eqinisekisiweyo, izama ukwenza oku ngeendlela zokuyila kunye neebhloko, umzekelo, iindlela, iibhlorho okanye ukungena kwamashishini. Iintshatsheli zeXR ziyakhula eOstriya. Iidrols ezikhubazeke kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya eLondon naseFrankfurt kwiinyanga nje zakutshanje nazo zingangabaolohlobo lwemvukelo.
NgoLwesihlanu wokuqala weKamva ngokufutshane ngaphambi kweKrisimesi 2018, bambalwa kuphela abantu abancinci abeza eHeldenplatz eVienna. Iposta ifundwe: “Inzululwazi engakumbi. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngakumbi. Isibindi ngakumbi. "Kwiinyanga ezintlanu kamva, rhoqo ngolwesiHlanu, amawaka abantu abancinci bathabatha ezitalatweni babize abezopolitiko" Siza kubetha usebenze! "

Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.

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