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Tokelo ea liphoofolo

Se nepahetseng bakeng sa liphoofolo

Na ke tokelo ea liphoofolo? Kamora likhetho tsa mmuso naheng e tlase ea Austria, FPÖ e tlase Austria e hlalositse lintho tse tlang pele ho kopano ea eona ea sehlopha: polokeho, bophelo bo botle, boiketlo ba phoofolo, E 'ngoe ea litabatabelo tsa FPÖ Landrat Gottfried Waldhäusl joale ke boiketlo ba liphoofolo. Matsatsi a mabeli kamora ho khutla, lekhotla la mmuso le ile la batla phatlalatso ea litaba: "lefu la otter le tlameha ho ba le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng". Ketsahalo e ne e le phatlalatso ea lekhotla la setereke la ÖVP Stephan Pernkopf, ka qeto ea ho lumella "ho tlosoa" (ke hore, ho bolaoa) ha 40 e sirelelitseng Fischottern ka nakoana, eo ponong ea basebetsi-'moho le eena ba FPÖ e sa tsamaee hole. Ho sireletsa otter ke "lerato le sa utloisiseng la liphoofolo".

Bohareng ba April 2018 o ile a hlaha ho Gottfried Waldhäusl ka letsatsi la ho tsoma setereke ho Zwettl. Setsebi sa naha, Josef Pröll (eo e kileng ea e-ba mosebeletsi oa ÖVP) ho thoe o boletse moo, "Wolf ha a lahleheloa ke letho tikolohong ea setso joalo ka Europe Bohareng," Waldhäusl o tlameha a be a ekelitse: "Hobane'ng boiketlo ba liphoofolo e le bakeng sa phiri feela?".
Mehlala e 'meli ea ho hlakahlana ha seo ho thoeng ke boiketlo ba liphoofolo lipolotiking le sechabeng.

Ho hloka toka hoa nalane

Eseng hangata, sena se bua haholo ka likatse le lintja. Khafetsa o emisa moo e mabapi le lithahasello tsa moruo, (ho nahanoang kapa ke oa sebele) tlholisano e tsoang ho liphoofolo tse hlaha kapa ho natefeloa ke litsomi le batšoasi ba litlhapi. Ho tloha Pythagoras ho isa ho Galileo Galilei, René Descartes, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant le Arthur Schopenhauer, ho lula ho na le lipono nalaneng ea batho hore liphoofolo ha lia lokela ho tšoaroa hampe, hore batho ke karolo ea tlhaho ebile ke ka puo le lebaka feela. khetholoha ho liphoofolo.

Boiketlo ba liphoofolo bo bolela ho nolofalletsa liphoofolo ho phela bophelo bo lekanang le mefuta ea tsona mme seo se sa li utloise bohloko, tšabo e sa hlokahaleng kapa tšenyo e sa feleng. Ka lebaka la kholo ea indasteri le ts'ebetso ea temo le liphoofolo, ho hlekefetsoa ha liphoofolo ho eketsehile haholo. E setse e le 19. Ka hona Tireschutzbewegungen e hlahile lekholong la bo19 la lilemo. 1822 e ne e le molao oa pele oa tšireletso ea liphoofolo England.

Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha bohareng ba 20. Lekholong la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, liphoofolo li ile tsa phahamisetsoa nama e ngata, lebese le mahe, li petetsane sebakeng se patisaneng, li hlabeloa lifekthering tsa polao, li thunngoa sebakeng le ho hlokofatsoa ka liteko tsa litlolo le lik'hemik'hale, 'me ka linako tse ling liteko tse se nang thuso.

Katleho ke batseteli ba litokelo tsa liphoofolo

Leha ho le joalo, mashome a lilemo a morao tjena, ho bile le khatelo-pele e itseng boiketlong ba liphoofolo: bo-ramahlale ba nang le boits'oaro bo kang Konrad Lorenz le bukana ea hae e putsoa, Jane Goodall ka lichimpanzi tsa bona, mofuputsi oa litsuonyana oa Borithane Christine Nicol le ba bang ba bangata ba ile ba re makatsa ka bohlale le boitšoaro ba liphoofolo mme ba fetola maikutlo a rona. Liphumano tsa Nicol mabapi le litlhoko tsa likhoho lilemong tsa 1980, mohlala, li entse hore e be tlolo ea molao hore li-betri tsa euthanasia li thibeloe EU ho tloha 2012, ka "mekotla e hlophisitsoeng" feela e lumelloang e nang le sebaka se eketsehileng. Ho ntse ho le joalo le ho mefuta.

Bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ling, ho bile le lintlafatso tsa ho boloka melao kapa ho qoba bohloko ho EU le ho la Austria. Mohlala, ho tloha 2012, likhomo ha li sa lumelloa ho koaloa ka ho sa feleng, kapa likolobe li ka koaheloa feela ka mohatla oa 2017 ha ho hlokahala le tlasa kalafo ea bohloko ho tloha ka Mphalane.
Ka ts'ebeliso ea mekhatlo ea boiketlo ba liphoofolo le basireletsi, sechaba se tsebisitsoe ka maemo a temo ea boea, maemo a matlo a polao, polao ea malinyane a banna mapolasing a likhoho, kapa bokhopo ba maraba a liphoofolo tse hlaha. Karolong e 'ngoe ho bile le lintlafatso tsa molao, liphetoho tsa boithatelo (joalo ka ho hola likhoho le mahe a kopaneng mahe a mahe a mahala a Toni) kapa khethollo ea kahisano joalo ka mats'oafong. Leha ho le joalo, liphoofolo tse ruiloeng li ntse li tsamaisoa ho pholletsa le Europe, li nyatsa mokhatlo o khahlano le lifeme tsa liphoofolo, o sa tsoa latela mohlala oa manamane a mabeli a tsoang Vorarlberg.

Moemeli oa litokelo tsa liphoofolo tsa Belgian-America Henry Spira e atlehile lilemong tsa 1970, ka boikemisetso bo boholo ho lebisa ho bohloko ba mmutla, bo neng bo le ho "Draize teko"Lithako tse bokellaneng tsa litlolo li ile tsa akheloa ka leihlong. 1980 ka hona e bile boipelaetso bo bongata khahlanong le k'hamphani ea litlolo Revlon. Tlas'a khatello ena, mananeo a lipatlisiso a ile a qetella a hlahisitsoe bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea ho hlahloba litlolo ntle le liteko tsa liphoofolo.

Henry Spira o ile a thulana le litaba tsa litokelo tsa liphoofolo ka liphatlalatso ke babuelli ba Univesithi ea Oxford le rafilosofi oa Australia Peter Singer ("Pholohelo ea Liphoofolo" 1975). Batšehetsi ba litokelo tsa liphoofolo ha ba ee hole ho lekana. Ha rea ​​lokela ho boloka liphoofolo mahlomola a sa hlokahaleng le ho li boloka ka botho, empa re li fe litokelo tsa mantlha tsa botho, joalo ka ha batho ba na le tsona.

Ho tloha nthong e 'ngoe ho ea ho phoofolo

Molaong oa Roma, liphoofolo li nkuoa e le lintho - ho fapana le motho eo e leng motho. Switzerland ke naha feela lefats'eng e amohelang seriti ho molaotheo oa eona. Ho tloha ha phetoho ea Khoutu ea Motheo ea Mphalane 2002, liphoofolo ha e sa le lintho tse ling. Ho tloha 2007 ho isa 2010, khantšo ea Zurich e bile e na le ofisi e ikhethang ea lefats'e ka bophara ea 'muelli oa liphoofolo ea nyeoeng ka khotla e sebelisitsoeng ke ramolao Antoine Goetschel. Ka lebaka la voutu e pharalletseng ea Switzerland ofisi ena e ile ea felisoa hape.

Netherlands, 2006 e tlisitse "Party for the liphoofolo" (Partij voor de Dieren) ka lekhetlo la pele ho Paramente, 'me joale ho na le mekha e joalo le linaheng tse ling. Naheng ea Amerika, ramolao Steven Wise oa Morero oa Litokelo tsa Botho o ntse a sebeletsa ho netefatsa hore lichimpanzi li amoheloa e le batho ka bomong mme li fumana tokelo ea "habeas Corpus". Ho Buenos Aires, 2014 e se e atlehile ho mosali oa orangutan.

Empa re ka fumana moeli kae? Na chimpanzee e na le litokelo tse ngata ho feta khoho mme e na le litokelo tse ngata ho feta seboko sa lefatše? Mme ke hobaneng ha re lokafatsa seo? Bo-rafilosofi ba bangata ba tšoenyeha ka lipotso tsena. "Ba-Abolitionists" joalo ka moprofesa oa molao oa Amerika le mongoli Gary Francione ba hana "boiketlo ba liphoofolo". O nka ts'ebeliso ea liphoofolo tseo eseng batho e le bothata. Bakeng sa litokelo tsa liphoofolo, ke tšobotsi feela ea ho ba le kelello e loketseng, eo ho itšepa le ho khahloa bophelong ba motho ho tsamaeang.
Thahasello ea bophelo ba hau e ka boela ea nkuoa ke limela. Kahoo ha ho makatse hore ebe ho na le lipuisano tse ikhethileng mabapi le litokelo tsa limela.

Photo / Video: Shutterstock.

E ngotsoe ke Sonja Bettel

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