Leeto la toropo le ea kae?

"Jwaloka mofuta o sa khaotseng khahlanong le ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefats'e, lilemong tsa morao tjena li ntse li tsoela pele libakeng, tse lekile ka makhetlo a mangata ho itlhahisa li hlaha."
Harry Gatterer, Zukunftsinstitut Vienna

Ke - ka mokhoa o fesheneng - mokhoa oa bophelo oa sechaba kantle ho naha, litloaelo le moetlo o etsang hore maeto a litoropo a be joalo: ho qoelisoa lefatšeng le sa tloaelehang kapa le sa tsejoeng. Boiphihlelo ba motho osele. Mme leha ho na le litaba tsa litaba, ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše le marang-rang a lipalangoang tsa lefatše, ho etela litoropo tse kholo ho lula e le boiphihlelo bo fapaneng: litoropo tsa sejoale-joale li lula, li fetoha khafetsa, 'me li itlhalosa khafetsa.

Metse e phahameng

Selemo se seng le se seng, k'hamphani ea karete ea mokitlane ea Master Card e tlaleha hore na ke litoropo life tsa lefats'e ka bophara tseo e leng limakete tsa hona joale tsa baeti ba kantle ho naha - mme e beha litoropo tse kholo ho latela ho fihla ha tsona. Boemong ba 2016, Bangkok e siile bohle morao - le baeti ba limilione tse 21.5, ka pele ho London (limilione tse 19,9) le Paris (limilione tse 18). Ntho e makatsang ka ho fetisisa ke ho tlola ha Dubai maemong a holimo ka baeti ba limilione tse 15.3, ka pele ho New York (limilione tse 12.8), Singapore (limilione tse 12.1), Kuala Lumpur (limilione tse 12), Istanbul (limilione tse 11.9), Tokyo (limilione tse 11.7) .) le sebaka sa bo10 Seoul se nang le baeti ba limilione tse 10.2.
Empa ka tseleng e potlakileng e lutla e fapaneng haholo, bakeng sa libaka tsa rona tsa maiketsetso tse makatsang. Mohlala, Osaka o khonne ho supa kholo e matla ho fetisisa har'a baeti ba machabeng, ka liperesente tsa 24,2 tsa lipalo tsa bareki li nyoloha lilemong tse supileng tse fetileng. Maemo a bolepi esale pele a boetse a bona libaka tse tlang ho etsahala (tseo ehlile li kenyelletsang maeto a litsebi): Chengdu (karolo ea 20.1), Abu Dhabi (liperesente tsa 19.8), Colombo (liperesente tsa 19.6), Tokyo (liperesente tsa 18.5), Riyadh (liperesente tsa 16.5), Taipei (14.5 Peresente), Xi'an (liperesente tsa 14.2), Tehran (liperesente tsa 13) le Xiamen (liperesente tsa 12,9).

Ntle le moo, litoropo tse ngata hajoale li tobane le karolo ea bohlokoa ea phetoho, e etsang hore lintho li be monate le ho feta. Tse ling hajoale li ntse li eketseha ka sekhahla ho megacities, joalo ka Laos kapa Nigeria. Ka lehlakoreng le leng India kapa China, ka lehlakoreng le leng, nts'etsopele ena e feteletseng e haufi le phethoa, 'me litoropo li fetoha libaka tsa bolulo ka lebaka la nala. "Bohahlauli ke ntho e etsahalang lefatšeng ka bophara. E le mofuta oa backlash khahlanong le ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefats'e, lilemong tsa morao tjena matha a litereke, a ileng a leka khafetsa ho sibolla semelo sa ona, a hlohlelletsa, "ho hlalosa mofuputsi Harry Gatterer oa Zukunftsinstitut Vienna.

Mekhoa ea libaka tsa EU

Ho libaka tsa bahahlauli tse tsebahalang haholo tsa 30, mabapi le ho lula bosiu bo le bong, tse tšeletseng e ne e le Spain (Canarias, Cataluña, Illes Balears, Andalucía, Communidad Valenciana le Communidad de Madrid), France (Île-de-France, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhône-Alpes, Languedoc-Roussillon, Aquitaine le Brittany) le Italy (Veneto, Tuscany, Lombardia, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio le Provincia autonoma di Bolzano / Bolzano).
Ntle le moo, libaka tse 'ne tse tsebahalang haholo tsa bohahlauli tsa EU, 30, li ne li le Jeremane (Upper Bavaria, Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern le Schleswig-Holstein), tse peli Greece (Notio Aigaio le Kriti) le Austria (Tyrol le Salzburg) le e le' ngoe ho la Ireland (Boroa. le Botjhabela), Croatia (Jadranska Hrvatska), Netherlands (Noord-Holland) le United Kingdom (Inner London).

Leeto la pele la toropo

Takatso ea ho fumana tse sa tsejoeng ka nako e telele e na le moetlo o molelele. Mathoasong a Middle Ages, baeti ba pele ba ile ba qala leeto la bona ho ea litsing tsa bolumeli. Qalong ea Renaissance, ho phatloha ha toropo ho fihlile sehlohlolong: Ka "Grand Tour" bahlomphehi ba banyenyane ba ne ba lokela ho fumana sekepe sa ho qetela sa thupelo ea bona e phethetsoeng tseleng. Leeto la thuto le ile la hlaha. 'Me ho ea metseng e meholo ho ne ho rateha haholo ka feshene. Ka nako e ts'oanang, liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa tsa nalane tse kang Lekhotla la Trent kapa Congress ea Vienna li ile tsa hohela matšoele a baeti.

Leeto e ba la mantlha

Leha ho le joalo, leeto le lelelele hole le ne le sa tlo tšoareloa barui. Ke feela lilemong tsa 1980er tse tsoelang pele ka katleho e pharaletseng ea leeto la matsatsi a phomolo a netefalitsoeng: Ho tloha ka nako eo, libaka tsa toropo li qothisana lehlokoa le bona le leoatle le sebaka sa mahaeng ho potoloha le bahahlauli ba bohlokoa moruong. Ho latela Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bohahlauli oa UNWTO, 2016 e ne e na le bahahlauli ba limilione tse likete tsa 1,24 ba neng ba hahlaula lefatšeng ka bophara, ba siea liranta tse limilione tse likete tsa 1,2 linaheng tse ling tse neng li tšoaretsoe. Mme phallo ea maeto e lula e sa sebetsoa. Haeba 1995 e ne e le bahahlauli ba limilione tsa 528, UNWTO e bolela esale pele bahahlauli ba limilione tse likete tsa 2030 ho pota lefatše bakeng sa 1,8.
Joalokaha hotspots Europe e khethiloe 2018 e sebetsa ntle le babelaeli ba tloaelehileng haholo Milan, Prague, Dublin, Edinburgh, Reykjavik, Florence le Stockholm. Bahlophisi ba Option le bona ba thabetse Barcelona, ​​Berlin, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, Lisbon le Paris.

Libaka tse phahameng tsa 10 tsa Austria hlabula

kamora ho lula bosiu
Vienna ka kakaretso - 1.477.739
Sankt Kanzian am Klopeiner Bona (setšoantšo) - 498.541
Salzburg - 374.690, XNUMX
Podersdorf ke Bona - 290.653
Bad Radkersburg - 289.731 XNUMX
Schladming - 273.557
Graz - 259.724
E mpe Tatzmannsdorf - 251.803
Hofgastein e Mpe - 234.867
Innsbruck - 227.683, XNUMX

Libaka tse phahameng tsa 10 tsa Austria mariha

kamora ho lula bosiu
Vienna ka kakaretso - 1.345.926
Schladming (setšoantšo) - 354.900
Salzburg - 328.932, XNUMX
Hofgastein e Mpe - 250.986
E mpe Tatzmannsdorf - 245.127
Saalbach-Hinterglemm - 242.209
Graz - 238.530
Bad Waltersdorf - 234.994
Obertauern - 230.955
Bad Radkersburg - 228.384 XNUMX

Leeto le ts'oarehang

Phuputsong e entsoeng ke Setsi sa WU sa Tsamaiso ea Maraka ea Sechaba le Setsi sa Mafapha a Patlisiso ea Empirical ea WU, patlisiso e fumanehang marang-rang e ile ea belaella hore na netefatso ea ts'ireletso ea mofani oa maeto e bapala karolo efe ho bareki. Boikutlo bo akaretsang ba boleng bo mabapi le ts'ehetso bo ipakile bo nka qeto. Ntlha e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ke takatso ea sechaba tikolohong ea motho ka mong: Haeba setifikeiti sa ts'ebetso e nkuoa e le sa bohlokoa mokokotlong oa metsoalle kapa ka lapeng, batho ba na le monyetla oa ho khetha bareki ba netefalitsoeng ba tsamaeang. Ntle le moo, bareki ba beha boleng bo phahameng ho ts'epahala le ho pepeseha pepenene ha ho tluoa litheko tsa boleng. Ka hona, li-certification li nkoa e le tsa bohlokoa ho feta litiiso tsa boleng hobane li kopanya lits'ebetso tse telele le tse hlakileng le tsona.

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