Sonja Bettel
"Buen vivir e mabapi le khotsofalo ea lintho tse bonahalang, tsa kahisano le tsa moea ho litho tsohle tsa sechaba tse ke keng tsa qhekella ba bang eseng ka litšenyehelo tsa lisebelisoa tsa tlholeho."
Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, koluoa ea lichelete e ile ea sisinya lefatše. Ho putlama ha 'maraka o nang le litšebeliso tsa mekoloto e mengata naheng ea Amerika ho bakile tahlehelo ea libilione libankeng tse kholo, ebe ho latela ho putlama ha moruo oa lefatše le morusu oa lichelete linaheng tse ngata. Yuropa le European Monetary Union li ile tsa oela bothateng bo matla ba kholiseho.
Batho ba bangata ba hlokometse ho 2008 haufinyane hore tsamaiso ea rona ea lichelete le moruo e tseleng e fosahetseng ka ho felletseng. Ba bakileng khatello ea maikutlo e kholo ba "pholositsoe" ba behiloe ka tlas'a "skireletso" mme ba fuoa libonase. Ba ileng ba utloa litlamorao tsa bona tse mpe ba "khalemeloe" ka ho khaoloa melemo ea sechaba, tahlehelo ea mosebetsi, tahlehelo ea matlo le lithibelo tsa bophelo bo botle.
Buen Vivir - tšebelisano molemong oa tlholisano
"Ka setsoalle sa rona le likamano tsa rona tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, re hantle ha re phela ka melao ea batho: ho aha boits'epo, ho ts'epahala, ho mamela, kutloelo-bohloko, kananelo, tšebelisano, thuso ea bobeli le ho arolelana. Moruo oa "mahala" mmarakeng, ka lehlakoreng le leng o thehiloe holim'a boleng ba motheo ba phaello le tlholisano, "ho ngola Christian Felber bukeng ea hae ea 2010" Gemeinwohlökonomie. Mohlala oa moruo oa bokamoso. "Phapang ena ha se sekoli lefatšeng le rarahaneng kapa le nang le mekhahlelo e mengata, empa ke koluoa ea setso. O re arola re le batho ka bomong hape re le sechaba.
Moruo o tšoanang o nepahetseng o bua ka sistimi e ntlafatsang botle bo tloaelehileng, sebakeng sa ho etsa phaello, tlholisano, meharo le mohono. U ka boela oa re o loanela bophelo bohle ho e-na le bophelo ba mabothobotho ho ba 'maloa.
"Bophelo bo botle ho bohle" e bile lilemong tsa morao tjena polelo e sebelisoang ka litsela tse fapaneng. Le ha ba bang ba bolela hore o lokela ho nka nako e eketsehileng mme o natefeloe ke bophelo ba hao, mohlomong o arohane le litšila tse ngata ebe o nka Café Latte ho ea ka senoelong se phetseng hantle, ba bang ba utloisisa phetoho e kholo. Pale ena ea morao-rao ke pale e khahlisang le ho feta, hobane e khutlela morao ho Latin America ebile e na le tlatsetso ho bohlokoa ba bona ba lipolotiki le moruo le semelo sa moea.
"E mabapi le ho aha sechaba se tsitsitseng le se tšoarellang mokhatlong o hlophisitsoeng o tiisang bophelo."
Bophelo bo botle ho motho e mong le e mong kapa Buen Vivir?
Latin America e bile sebopeho sa bokoloni le khatello, e hlahisang "nts'etsopele" le neoliberalism makholong a lilemo a fetileng. 1992, 500 Lilemo tse kamora hore Christopher Columbus a fumane Amerika, mokhatlo oa kananelo e ncha ea batho ba matsoalloa o qalile, ho re rasaense oa lipolotiki le setsebi sa Latin America Ulrich Brand. Joalokaha 2005 e Bolivia le Evo Morales le 2006 e Ecuador le Rafael Correa ba hapile likhetho tsa mopresidente mme ba theha lilekane tse ncha tse tsoelang pele, batho ba matsoalloa le bona ba kentse letsoho. Mabatooa a macha a lokela ho qala bocha kamora hore puso ea boemeli le taolo ea moruo e hlake. Linaha ka bobeli li kenyelletsa likhethong tsa bona mohopolo oa "bophelo bo botle" mme o bona ka tlhaho thuto e ka bang le litokelo.
Bolivia le Ecuador li bua ka setso sa Andes, e seng setso sa bokolone. Ka ho khetheha, ba bua ka lentsoe la Quechua "Sumak Kawsay" (le builoe: sumak kausai), le fetoletsoeng ka Sepanishe joalo ka "buen vivir" kapa "vivir bien". E mabapi le khotsofalo ea lintho tse bonahalang, tsa kahisano le tsa moea bakeng sa litho tsohle tsa sechaba tse ke keng tsa qhekella ba bang eseng ka litšenyehelo tsa lisebelisoa tsa tlholeho. Selelekela sa molao-motheo oa Ecuadorian se bua ka ho phela ka ho fapana le ho lumellana le tlhaho. Bukeng ea hae Buen Vivir, Alberto Acosta, Mopresidente oa kopano ea sebaka sa Ecuador, o hlalosa hore na ho etsahetse joang le hore na ho bolelang. Mohopolo oa "bophelo bo botle" ha oa lokela ho ferekanngoa le "ho phela hamolemo," o hlakisa, "hobane phetoho e thehiloe tsoelopeleng ea thepa e sa lekanyetsoang." Ho fapana le hoo, e mabapi le "ho aha sechaba se tsitsitseng le se tsitsitseng ka har'a moralo oa setheo. ea sirelletsang bophelo. "
Ho fapana le Alberto Acosta, Mopresidente Rafael Correa o ne a tseba hantle ka diphetoho tse ka hara bophirima, tokoloho ya moruo, e ileng ea baka karohano lipakeng tsa bobeli, ho bolela Johannes Waldmüller. Ma-Austrian a lutse Latin America ka lilemo tse leshome mme a etsa lipatlisiso lipolotiking le likamanong tsa machabeng ho Universidad de Las Americaas e motse-moholo Quuadorian. Ka ntle ho Correa e ile ea tsoela pele ho rata "buen vivir" le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, ka nako e ts'oanang e ile ea qholotsa batho ba matsoalloa (ba etsang Ecuador feela karolo ea 20 ea liperesente), tsoelo-pele ea "extractivism", ke hore, tlhekefetso ea Lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho, ho felisoa ha libaka tsa tlhaho tsa tlhaho tsa temo ea soya kapa merero ea litšebeletso tsa tikoloho, le tšenyo ea meru ea mangrove bakeng sa mapolasi a shrimp.
Bakeng sa mestizos, litloholo tsa batho ba Europe le matsoalloa a moo, "buen vivir" e bolela ho ba le bophelo bo botle joalo ka batho ba bophirima, ke hore, linaheng tse tsoetseng pele, ho bolela Ulrich Brand. Le Maindia a manyane a ne a lula toropong ka matsatsi a beke, a etsa mesebetsi, a roetse lijase le ho sebelisa mehala ea selefouno. Mafelong a beke ba khutlela libakeng tsa bona mme ba boloka moetlo moo.
Ho Ulrich Brand ho ho khahlisa haholo hore na boits'oaro boo botho ba hona joale bo re tlisitseng kopanong e ntle le maikutlo a bokomonisi ba batho ba matsoalloa, moo hangata ho se nang lentsoe la "nna". Kutloisiso ea bona ea boiphihlelo, e amohelang boiphihlelo bo fapaneng ba bophelo, moruo, le litsamaiso tsa molao ka tsela e seng ea molao, ke ntho eo re ka ithutang eona Latin America ho la Europe, haholoholo mabapi le phallo ea hajoale.
"Ho tla ba bohlokoa haholo hore re tsoelepele ho hlahloba 'buen vivir' le litokelo tsa tlhaho," ho bolela Johannes Waldmüller. Le ha "buen vivir" e phatlalalitsoeng ke 'muso naheng ea Ecuador joale e nkuoa ke batho ba matsoalloa a naha joalo ka lipelaelo, e hlahisitse lipuisano tse monate mme ea lebisa ho khutlela ho "Sumak Kawsay". Latin America e ka khona - mmoho le likhopolo tsa moruo o le mong o nepahetseng, bofokoli, phetoho le moruo oa morao-rao - li ka sebetsa joalo ka sebaka sa tšepo ea utopian.
Buen Vivir: Sumak Kawsay le Pachamama
"Sumak kawsay" e fetoletsoeng ka seqo ho tsoa ho Sequechua e bolela "bophelo bo botle" mme ke molao-motheo tikolohong ea batho ba matsoalloa a Andes. Polelo ena e ngotsoe ka lekhetlo la pele lithutong tsa diploma tsa sechaba le tsa anthropological lilemong tsa 1960 / 1970, ho bolela rasaense oa lipolotiki, Johannes Waldmüller, ea lulang Ecuador. Hoo e ka bang selemo 2000 o ile a fetoha polelo ea lipolotiki.
Ka setso, "sumak kawsay" e hokahane le temo ka mokhoa o hlakileng. Ka mohlala, ho bolela hore lelapa le leng le le leng le tlameha ho thusa ba bang ho jala, ho kotula, ho haha ntlo, jj, ho tsamaisa lits'ebeletso tsa nosetso hammoho, le ho ja hammoho ka mor'a mosebetsi. "Sumak kawsay" e na le lintho tse tšoanang le tsa bohlokoa metseng e meng ea matsoalloa a moo, joalo ka Maori a New Zealand kapa Ubuntu Afrika Boroa. Ubuntu ha e le hantle e bolela "Ke hobane re joalo," ho hlalosa Johannes Waldmüller. Ka mohlala, le naheng ea Austria, ho ne ho tloaelehile hore baena le baahisani ba thusane le ho arolelana litholoana tsa mosebetsi kapa ho tšehetsana ha motho a hloka. Thuso e makatsang e tsoang sechabeng nakong ea motsamao o moholo oa baphaphathehi 2015 / 2016 kapa li-platform tse ncha tsa ho thusa baahisani joalo ka "Frag monyako o haufi" li bonts'a hore mohopolo oa sechaba o ntse o le teng kajeno mme ke nakong ena feela o se o qhalalitsoe ke motho ka mong.
Thutong ea lipolotiki ea Bolivia, polelo ea bobeli e ea khahlisa: "Pachamama". Boholo bo fetoleloa e le "Mama Earth". Mmuso oa Bolivia o bile o fihletse seo sa 22. April e phatlalalitsoe e le "letsatsi la Pachamama" ke Machaba a Kopaneng. "Pacha" ha e bolele "lefats'e" ka kutloisiso ea bophirima, empa "nako le sebaka". "Pa" e bolela tse peli, "cha" matla, o eketsa Johannes Waldmüller. "Pachamama" e hlakisa hore na hobaneng "bophelo bo botle" ka kutloisiso ea batho ba matsoalloa a Andes ha boa lokela ho tsotelloa ntle le karolo ea bona ea moea. Bakeng sa "Pacha" ke polelo e makatsang e ikemiselitseng ho kakaretso ea ho ba teng, e seng moeli empa cyclical.
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