Alexandra Binder
"Ehe tinotongwa nema lobbyists."
Franziska Humbert, Oxfam
Kunyangwe iri kushandisa zvechibharo vana kuminda yecocoa, kupisa micheka yemachira kana nzizi dzine chepfu: Kazhinji kazhinji, makambani haasi iwo maitiro ekuti mabhizinesi avo epasirese anokanganisa sei nharaunda nevanhu. Mutemo wekutengesa unogona kuchinja izvozvo. Asi mhepo yekumusoro kubva kuhupfumi iri kufuridza zvine simba.
Tinofanira kutaura. Uye izvo pamusoro pebhawa diki remukaka chokoreti kwemazana makumi masere nemasere emasendi, ayo iwe uchangopinda mukati mawo. Munyika yepasi rose, chigadzirwa chakaomesesa. Kuseri kwechinguva chidiki chokoreti murimi anongowana chete masendi makumi masere nemasere nemasere. Uye iyo nyaya yevana mamirioni maviri muWest Africa vanoshanda paminda yecocoa pasi pemamiriro ekushandisa. Vanotakura masaga anorema ecocoa, vanoshanda nemapanga uye vanomwaya mishonga inouraya zvipembenene vasina zvipfeko zvinodzivirira.
Ehe, izvi hazvitenderwe. Asi iyo nzira kubva kukocoa bhinzi kuenda kuchitoro chesherufu isinga tsanangurike. Kusvikira yapera kuFerrero, Nestlé, Mars & Co, inoenda kuburikidza nemaoko evarimi vadiki, nzvimbo dzekuunganidza, makondirakiti emakambani makuru uye ma processor kuGerman neHolland. Mukupedzisira inoti: Iyo yekupa cheni haisisiri kuteverwa. Iko kuunganidzwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi senge mbozhanhare nemalaptop, zvipfeko uye zvimwe zvekudya zvakafanana zvakasarudzika. Kuseri kweizvi kune kucherwa kweplatinamu, indasitiri yemachira, masango emafuta emichindwe. Uye ivo vese vanokwezva kutariswa nekushungurudzwa kwevanhu, iko kusingabvumidzwe kushandiswa kwezvipembenene nekutora ivhu, izvo zvisina kurangwa.
Inoitwa muChivimbiso here?
Mufungo wakanaka. Mushure mezvose, makambani epamba anotipa kuvimbiswa kunovimbika kwekuti vatengesi vavo vanoteerera kodzero dzevanhu, zvakatipoteredza uye mamiriro ekuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze. Asi zviripo zvakare: dambudziko rekutakura. Iwo makambani maAustria makambani anotenga kubva kune kazhinji vatengi uye vatengesi. Uye ivo vari pamusoro pecheni yekutengesa.
Zvisinei, kushandiswa kunotanga shure kumashure. Isu isu sevatengi tine chero pesvedzero zvachose? "Zvishoma nezvishoma," anodaro nhengo yemo Petra Bayr, uyo, pamwe naJulia Herr, vakaunza chikumbiro chemutemo wekutengesa muparamende munyika ino munaKurume. "Mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvinokwanisika kutenga zvigadzirwa zvakanaka, senge chokoreti yataurwa," anowedzera, "asi hapana laptop yakanaka pamusika."
Mumwe muenzaniso? Kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka. “MuEU, semuenzaniso, paraquat yemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka yakarambidzwa kubva muna 2007, asi ichiri kushandiswa kuminda yemafuta emichindwe yepasi rose. "Uye mafuta emichindwe anowanikwa muzvikamu makumi mashanu kubva muzana zvezvikafu mumashopota edu."
Kana mumwe munhu akatyora kodzero munzvimbo iri kure yepasi, kana zvitoro zvikuru, vagadziri kana mamwe makambani parizvino vane mhosva. Uye yekuzvidira kuzvidzora-inoshanda chete mune mashoma mashoma kesi, seEU Justice Commissioner Didier Reynders akacherechedzawo muna Kukadzi 2020. Chete chetatu chemakambani eEU parizvino vari kuongorora zvakanaka kodzero dzepasi rese dzevanhu uye nharaunda kukanganisa magetsi. Uye kuyedza kwavo kunoperawo nevatengesi vakananga, sekuratidzwa kwakaitwa naReynder.
Mutemo wekutengesa hazvidziviriki
Muna Kurume 2021, iyo EU yakabata zvakare nezvenyaya yeMutemo Wezvinhu. Nhengo dzeParamende yeEurope dzakatora "chikumbiro chavo chemutemo pamusoro pekuzvidavirira uye kushingairira kwakakodzera kwemakambani" vane huwandu hwakawanda kwazvo hwe73 muzana. Kubva kudivi reAustria, zvakadaro, ÖVP MPs (kunze kwaOthmar Karas) vakasiya. Vakavhota vachipesana. Padanho rinotevera, chikumbiro cheKomisheni chemutemo wekutengesa weEU, izvo hazvina kuchinja chero chinhu.
Chinhu chose chakakwidziridzwa nenyaya yekuti mamwe marongero emitemo yekutengesa akange atoumbwa muEurope. Chido chavo ndechekubvunza makambani ari kunze kweEurope kuti abhadhare kukuvara kwenzvimbo uye kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Pamusoro pazvose kumatunhu uko kubiridzira kusingabvumidzwe kana kuitwa. Uye saka gwaro remutemo weEU rinofanira kuuya muzhizha uye rinokonzeresa kuoma kwemari kune vanotyora mutemo: i.e. kubviswa pamari kwechinguva.
Kubata zvinopesana nemutemo wekutengesa
Asi zvino Komisheni yeEU yakamisikidza runyorwa zvakanyanya kusingaonekwe nenhepfenyuro kusvika matsutso. Mumwe mubvunzo ndewechokwadi zviri pachena: Ko iyo yekumusoro yepamusoro kubva kuhupfumi yaive yakasimba here? "Gweta reGermanwatch rinoona nezvekambani, Cornelia Heydenreich anoona achinetsekana" kuti pamusoro pemutongi wezvemitemo muEU, Reynders, komishina weEU wemusika wemukati, Thierry Breton, anga achangopa mutemo uyu. "
Haisi chakavanzika chekuti Breton, muzvinabhizinesi weFrance, ari kudivi rehupfumi. Heydenreich anoyeuchidza mamiriro echiGerman. "Kunyange zvakadaro, anoona zviri kuitika muEU hazviite se" nzira yekudzokera shure ":" Tinoziva kuti zvirevo zvemutemo padanho reEU zvanonoka kubva kune mamwe marongero emitemo. "Heydenreich anotiwo Commission yeEU. "anoda kumirira kuti aone kuti mutemo weGerman uchaita sei
Supply Chain mutemo kuGermany wakabatirira
Muchokwadi, iyo yeGerman cheni yekutenga bhiri yaifanirwa kupasiswa muna Chivabvu 20, 2021, asi yakabviswa kubva muBundestag's ajenda nekukurumidza. (Panguva ino yakagamuchirwa. Inotanga kushanda muna Ndira 1, 2023. Heino Federal Mutemo Gazeti.) Zvakanga zvatobvumiranwa kare. Kubvira muna 2023, mimwe mitemo yekutengesa inofanira kushanda kumakambani ane vashandi vanopfuura 3.000 muGermany (mazana matanhatu nemazana matanhatu). Mune nhanho yechipiri kubva muna 600, vanofanirwa kunyorera kumakambani ane vashandi vanopfuura chiuru. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa angangoita mazana maviri emakambani.
Asi dhizaini ine kushomeka. Franziska Humbert, Oxfam Anoziva chipangamazano wekodzero dzevashandi pamwe nemabatiro ehukama munharaunda: "Pamusoro pazvose, zvinodiwa pakushingaira zvinongoshanda muzvikamu." Izvo zvese zvekutengesa zvinofanirwa kuongororwa chete pahwaro hwezvinoratidza zvine chinhu. Asi ikozvino, semuenzaniso, vatengesi vakananga kuzvitoro vakuru vari kuGerman, uko kwakasimba mitemo yekuchengetedza basa inoshanda chero zvakadaro. "Naizvozvo, mutemo unotyisidzira kupotsa chinangwa chawo pane ino pfungwa." Hauenderane nemirau inotungamirwa neUN inoshanda kune yese cheni yekutengesa. "Uye inowira kumashure kwekuedza kwekuzvipira kuripo kwemakambani mazhinji," akadaro Humbert. “Pamusoro pezvo, hapana mutemo wevanhu unoti muripo. Vashandi vanoshanda zvakaoma pamabhanana, zvinanazi kana minda yewaini yechikafu chedu havasati vawana mukana chaiwo wekumhan'ara mari kumatare eGerman, semuenzaniso kukuvara kwehutano kunokonzerwa nekushandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene. ”Zvakanaka? Iva kuti kutevedzera mitemo kunoongororwa neane masimba. Mune zviitiko zvega, vanogona zvakare kubhadharisa faindi kana kusasiya makambani kubva kumatarenda eruzhinji kusvika kumakore matatu.
Uye Austria?
MuAustria, mishandirapamwe miviri inosimudzira kutevedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu uye zviyero zvemamiriro ekunze mumaketani epasirese ekuwanisa vanhu. Vanopfuura gumi maNGOs, AK neIBB vakabatana vanosheedzera chikumbiro "Kodzero dzevanhu dzinoda mitemo" mukuita kwavo mushandirapamwe. Nekudaro, iyo turquoise-green hurumende haidi kutevedzera chirongwa cheGerman, asi iri kumirira kuona zvinoitika zvinotevera kubva kuBrussels.
Mutemo wakakodzera wekutengesa
Heydenreich anoti mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera, makambani anokurudzirwa zvine mutsindo kuona njodzi huru uye dzakakomba dzekodzero dzevanhu mukosheni yavo yese, uye kana zvichibvira kuzvigadzirisa kana kuzvigadzirisa. "Iri kunyanya nezvekudzivirira, kuitira kuti njodzi dzirege kuitika pakutanga - uye kazhinji hazviwanikwe nevanopa vatengesi, asi zvakadzama mukutengeswa." Mhirizhonga inogonawo kutora kodzero dzavo. "Uye panofanirwa kuve nekureruka kwemutoro weuchapupu, zvirinani kunyangwe kudzoserwa kwemutoro weuchapupu."
Kumumiriri weAustria MP Bayr, zvakakosha kuti usadzikise mutemo wakanaka kumapoka emakambani: "Kunyange makambani madiki eEurope ane vashoma vashandi anogona kukonzera kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu pasi rese," anodaro. Mumwe muenzaniso ndeyekunze-kutengesa makambani.
Kuna Heidenreich zviri pachena zvakare: "Runyorwa rweGerman runogona chete kukurudzira chimwe chirongwa cheEU uye hachigone kumisikidza mutemo weEU mutemo 1: 1. Mutemo weEU unofanirwa kupfuura izvi pazvinhu zvakakosha. "Izvo, anodaro, zvinogona kuitika kuGerman, uye neFrance, uko mutemo wekutanga wekushingairira muEurope wakambovapo kubvira 2017:" Pamwe chete ne 27 EU nyika dzenhengo, tinokwanisa France neGerman zvakare vanozonyanya kuda chinzvimbo nekuti ipapo panenge paine inonzi nhandare yenhabvu mukati meEurope. ”Uye zvakadii nezvevamiriri? “Ichokwadi kuti tinotongwa nevemakombi. Dzimwe nguva kuwanda, dzimwe nguva kushoma, ”anodaro chipangamazano weOxfam Franziska Humbert achioma.
Global kupa cheni zvido
MuEU Mutemo wekutengesa zviri kutaurwa padanho reEuropean. Mumatsutso 2021, iyo EU Commission inoda kuendesa inoenderana zvirongwa zveEuropean rairo. Zviratidzo zvazvino zveParamende yeEuropean zvine mukurumbira kupfuura mutemo wechiGerman wekunyora: Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mutemo wezvematongerwo enyika uye ongororo yekudzivirira njodzi inopihwa kune hwese kukosha. EU yatoburitsa zvisungo zvinosungirwa pakutengesa huni nemaminerari kubva munzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga, izvo zvinopa kushandira kwakakodzera kumakambani.
Netherlands yakapa mutemo unopesana nekubatwa kwevashandi muna Chivabvu 2019, uyo unosungira makambani kutevedzera zvisungo zvekushandira zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwevana uye inopa zvichemo nezvirango.
France wakapa mutemo wekushandira kwakakodzera kumakambani eFrance munaFebruary 2017. Mutemo unoda kuti makambani atore matanho akakodzera uye anoita kuti vakwanise kutongwa nemutemo wevanhu kana vakatyora mutemo uyu.
MuGreat Britain mutemo unopesana nemhando dzazvino dzehuranda dzinoda kumhan'arwa uye matanho pamusoro pechibharo.
MuAustralia kwave nemutemo unopesana nehuranda hwazvino kubva 2018.
USA anga achiisa zvinoda kusunga kumakambani mukutengesa zvinhu kubva kunzvimbo dzekupokana kubvira 2010.
Mamiriro ezvinhu muAustria: NGO Südwind inoda mitemo pamatanho akasiyana, munyika nepasi rese. Unogona kusaina apa: www.vapeworld.at/petition
Vamiriri veSPÖ Petra Bayr naJulia Herr vakatumira chikumbiro chemutemo wekutengesa kuNational Council kutanga kwaKurume, iyo inofanirawo kutarisa nyaya iyi muParamende.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
