Alexandra Binder
Clara Mayer akamhan’arira VW. Muratidziri wemamiriro ekunze (20) ari kure neiye ega ane bhizinesi Vatadzi vemamiriro ekunze zvino mudare kunounza. Kuenda kumutongi wepamusoro kungatsiva demo kana zvichemo mune ramangwana? Uye chii chaizvo chiri mugumisiro wakanakisisa wekuita kwakadaro?
"Handina kumuka rimwe zuva ndikanzwa kuda kumhan'ara VW," Clara Mayer anojekesa ipapo ipapo. Asi zvino zvinofanira kudaro. Pasinei nekutaura kwavo mupfungwa pamusangano wavo wegore negore uye zviratidzo zvakawanda, boka remotokari richiri kugadzira 95 muzana yeinjini dzinopisa mukati. Iye zvino anoda kumubvisira jasi rinogara kwenguva refu iri. Irwa parutivi rwake Greenpeace. Kwete pasina chikonzero: "Ndezvekodzero dzerusununguko rwezvizvarwa zvinotevera. Semunhu mudiki anorwira mamiriro ekunze, Clara anogona kuzviraira zvakanyanya, "anodaro mushandirapamwe Marion Tiemann.
Iyi ndiyo yekutanga mhosva yakadai muGermany. MuU.SA, musimboti wekutora chikamu mugari wemugari kwenguva refu wakasanganiswa nemishonga yepamutemo. Patova nemhosva dzinodarika chiuru dzemamiriro ekunze ikoko, uye temu imwe chete kwavari: nyaya dzemamiriro ekunze. MuEurope, rudzi urwu rwemhosva rwakangozivikanwa kwenguva pfupi nokuti rwakaisa toni yemutemo wezvakatipoteredza kwenguva yakareba, anodaro gweta Markus Gehring. Nyaya yeVW haiuyi sechishamiso kune nyanzvi yezvemutemo wezvemamiriro ekunze Mudzidzisi paCambridge University anodzidzisa. Vanoronga zvakare misangano yeCentre of International Sustainable Development Law (CISDL) yekuchinjana mazano nenyanzvi dzekuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze kubva kumativi mana enyika.
Iyo vibe inofanira kuva yakarurama
Kuti ubudirire, unoda prerequisite. “Kutongwa kunofanira kuratidza mamiriro akaita vanhu munharaunda. Pamusoro pazvo, inyaya yekunyengetedza mutongi dudziro inofambira mberi yehurongwa huripo hwemutemo,” anodaro Gehring. Izvi ndizvo zvazvino kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kwete zvishoma nekuda kwe Chishanu cheRamangwana-Kufamba uye ruzivo rutsva rwakawanda. Kubvumirana kwevanhu pano kwakatora makore anoda kusvika gumi nemashanu. Nenzira, kumirira mitemo haisi sarudzo. "Makambani anofanirwa kuzvidavirira pamberi pedare reparamende, izvo vamwe vacho vanotohwanda."
Mutongi mukuru haakwanisi kutsiva basa remuiti wemitemo: “Asi anogona kunongedzera paanenge akundikana.” Uye vakuru vakuru vezvemitemo muEurope sezviri pachena vanoda kuita izvozvo panguva ino. Vari kuita zvinangwa zvenguva refu zvechibvumirano chekuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze cheParis nenzira dzakasimba. Uye izvi zvisinei nekuti haina kana zvisungo zvinosungirwa. Kungodudza mienzaniso miviri bedzi: MuEngland, somuenzaniso, Dare Rokukwirira rakamisa kuwedzera kweHeathrow Airport, kwakanga kwatenderwa neParamende. Ukuwo Germany, Federal Constitutional Court yakatonga kuti hurumende inofanira kuvandudza mutemo wekudzivirira mamiriro ekunze. Zvichireva, kuchengetedza kodzero dzerusununguko dzezera diki. Iyo yekupedzisira mutongo wakakosha, zvakare maererano nematare edzimhosva, anodaro Gehring: "Matare mazhinji haachazotarise shanduko yemamiriro ekunze se "kumhanyawo".
mutemo wepfungwa
Icho chokwadi chekuti vatadzi vemamiriro ekunze vanowedzera vave kumhan'arirwa pakati pemakambani - nguva pfupi mushure mekunge VW, BMW neMercedes vagamuchirawo imwe, inyowani, asi mhedzisiro yacho. Kune mumiriri weNGO Tiemann pane mutongo wekugadzirisa: kupokana naShell. MuThe Hague, kambani yemafuta, nekutora chikamu kweGreenpeace, yaisungirwa kuderedza zvakanyanya kuburitsa kwayo CO2 ne2030 gore rino. Mhedzisiro yakanaka mune yeVW kesi? Kana boka racho rikarega kutengesa motokari dzine injini dzinopisa moto munyika yose kubva muna 2030 uye kugadzirwa kwaizoderedzwa zvikuru panguva iyoyo.” Tiemann anowedzera kuti kunyange kana chikamu chezvaidiwa chichiitwa chete, mhosva yacho inogona kuonekwa seyakabudirira: “Izvozvo hazvirevi. kutadza. Semutemo, zvinotora matare akati wandei anovaka pamusoro peumwe kuitira kuti mutongo unoputsika ugoneke pakutanga".
Gweta Gehring anotarisira mutongo wekuzivisa, semunyaya yeShell. Zvino zvinoreva here? “Boka iri rinofanirwa kupembedza kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kweinjini dzinopisa mukati memamiriro ekunze. Ndinotoona ikoko sebudiriro.” Apropos: Kubudirira kwemhaka dzakadaro hakuna kufanorongwa: “Nevazhinji, vatongi havazvioni vamene vari munzvimbo yokunzwisisa kududzirwa kunofambira mberi kwevamhan’ari. Tinongodzidza zvakawanda nezvenyaya dzinenge dzahwina,” rinodaro gweta.
Uye ramangwana?
Hatichafaniri kuenda kumigwagwa mune ramangwana here? Zvinobva zvangoreva kutongwa panzvimbo pechikumbiro here? Kwete, anodaro Tiemann, zvinangwa zvakasiyana: "Chikumbiro hachina mvumo yepamutemo, asi ndinogona kuishandisa kujekesa kuti vanhu vazhinji vari shure kwechikumbiro changu. Mienzaniso inoita kuti musoro utange wakakodzera munzanga.” Uye gweta Gehring? Anoti: "Isu takaziva kudyidzana pakati pesangano revagari vemo uye kumatare edzimhosva kwemakore makumi matatu. Chimbofunga nezvezvirongwa zvevagari, zvekutora matanho emutemo pamberi pezvirongwa zvinokuvadza zvakatipoteredza zvakaita semiti yekupisa marara hachisi chinhu chitsva."
Chii chitsva, zvisinei, ndechekuti mune ramangwana kunyange makambani akawanda anokonzera kukwira kweCO2 anofanirwa kuzvidavirira pamusoro pemabatiro avanoita nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Ndiani ari pachirongwa? "Kune rumwe rutivi chikamu chekutakura, kutumira, ndege, kune rumwe rutivi nzvimbo yekugadzira simba-yakawanda iyo girazi, simenti, simbi inogadziriswa uye vatengesi vemagetsi ehurumende," anodaro Gehring. Uyezve pane kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu nekusaita nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvinogona kuve hwaro hwemamwe mhosva. "Unofanirwa kugadzira, asi zvichienderana nemutemo wenyika pachagara paine mamwe mapoinzi ekusangana. Makambani angaita zvakanaka kukurumidza kushandisa mafungiro asina kwaakarerekera emamiriro ekunze.” Uye Clara Mayer? Anozvitaura zviri nyore: "Iyi mhosva ingori imwe nhanho yekuratidzira."
ZVINOKOSHA ZVINOITA
"Kutadza kuderedza"
Mhosva dzinomuka kana nyika kana makambani akatadza kudzikamisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Muchiitiko ichi, kune rumwe rutivi, vagari vemo kana maNGOs vanomhan'arira hurumende kuitira kuti vawane kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze. Netherlands inopa muenzaniso unobudirira weizvi: dare repamusoro-soro imomo rakatonga richitsigira chichemo chokuti kusakwana kwekudzivirirwa kwemamiriro okunze kwakatyora kodzero dzevanhu. Nekune rumwe rutivi, hurumende kana maNGOs vanomhan'arira ma CO2 emitters makuru kune mamwe kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze kana muripo wekutadza kuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze. Semuyenzaniso, guta reNew York rakamhan’ara makambani emafuta anoti BP, Chevron, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil neRoyal Dutch Shell vachiziva vachizvidza basa ravo rekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kukanganisa guta. Izvi zvinosanganisirawo nyaya yemurimi wePeruvia Saul Luciano Lliuya, uyo ari kumhan'arira mutengesi wesimba RWE nerubatsiro rweGreenpeace, iyo parizvino iri kugamuchira zvakanyanya munhau.
"Kutadza Kugadzirisa"
Izvi zvinosanganisira kumatare edzimhosva kana makambani asiri kugadzirira zvakakwana njodzi dzisingadzivisiki (dzemuviri) uye kukuvara kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Muenzaniso weizvi ndevevaridzi vedzimba muOntario, Canada, vakamhan’arira hurumende muna 2016 nekusavadzivirira zvakanaka kubva pamafashama.
"Kutadza kuburitsa"
Izvi ndezvemakambani asingape ruzivo rwakakwana nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye njodzi inokonzeresa yekambani, asiwo kune vanoisa mari. Izvi zvinosanganisira kumatare edzimhosva nevanoisa mari vachipokana nemakambani, asiwo kumatare edzimhosva nemakambani pachawo vachipokana nevanopa chipangamazano, senge masangano emitengo.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
