Kudzivirirwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera muAustria

naMartin Auer

Wese munhu anochengetedza mamiriro ekunze - asi zvinobuda hazvisi kudzika. Musi waKubvumbi 27.4.2022, XNUMX, nyanzvi nhatu dzakataura nezvechinhu ichi chisinganzwisisike pamusangano wevatori venhau neSainzi reMangwana uye nesainzi network Hurukuro. Mhedziso yavo: Kune manyepo ekuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze muAustria kupfuura chaiyo.

Renate Kristu: Matanho ega ega haana kukwana

Renate Christ, Secretary General weIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) akatsanangura mamiriro emamiriro ekunze anobudirira: Kutanga: Kuti kudzikamisa tembiricha yepasi rose pane imwe nhanho, kuburitswa kweCO2 kunofanirwa kuderedzwa kusvika kune mambure. zero. Zvikasadaro, tembiricha icharamba ichikwira. Pachinangwa che1,5°C, zero zero dzinofanirwa kusvikwa mukutanga kwema50, pachinangwa che2°C mukutanga kwema70. Kudzikisira kudiki kwekuburitsa, kosi diki kugadziridzwa hakuna kukwana, chinodiwa ndeye yakanyanyisa uye inopindirana decarbonization munzvimbo dzese uye kusakanganwa kudzikiswa kwemamwe magasi egreenhouse. Kazhinji, kuderedzwa kwesimba uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu kunodiwa, uye kwete kungowedzera kushanda. Kuderedza kushandiswa uye kuwedzera simba rekushandisa kunofanira kuitika panguva imwe chete. Muchidimbu, izvi zvinoreva: kukwana, kushanda nesimba uye simba rinodzokororwa, aya ndiwo matatu anotungamira nheyo.

Njodzi dzinovanda kubva ku "kumisikidzwa mari", semuenzaniso hombe yemvura gasi terminals kana nyowani gasi boiler. Imwe njodzi ndeye "rebound effect", semuenzaniso: kana motokari ikadya zvishoma, vanhu vanotyaira kakawanda uye mberi.

Mushumo wekupedzisira weIPCC unosimbisa kuti zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze hazvigone kuwanikwa kuburikidza nematanho ega ega; nzira yehurongwa inodiwa, shanduko munzvimbo dzese: zvivakwa, kushandiswa kwevhu, zvivakwa, kugadzira, kutakura, kushandiswa, kugadzirisa chivako uye zvichingodaro.

Kristu anodaidzira sarudzo dzakajeka dzezvematongerwo enyika uye zvirongwa zvinorongeka, zvese zvekutonga nezvehupfumi. Inoda zvose mitemo nemitero. Pfungwa yacho inofanira kuva: "Dzivisa, shandura, gadzirisa". Anotsanangura zvinorehwa neizvi achishandisa muenzaniso wetraffic: Chekutanga, dzivirira traffic kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakakodzera hwenzvimbo nemadhorobha. Chechipiri: Shift kune zvifambiso zveveruzhinji kana kugovera zvinopihwa uye chekupedzisira, sechinhu chechitatu, chinouya kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, iyo e-mota, kana ichifambiswa neCO2-yakarerekera magetsi, ine yakanakisa decarbonization inogona yekufambisa yepasi ine mota. Asi isu hatifanirwe kuve nekunyepedzera kuti zvese zvichanaka kana tikachinja kune e-authoring. Zvakare zvinonetsa maitiro azvino muchikamu che-e-mota chakanangana nekirasi yemhando yepamusoro uye maSUV, ayo ari kusimbiswa nerubatsiro rwedu. Hombe e-mota dzinoda simba rakawanda kuti dzishande nekugadzira, dzinodawo nzvimbo dzakakura dzekupaka, saka dzinoshandisa yakawanda ivhu, uye kazhinji inomira munzira yekuchinja kunofanirwa muhunhu.

Kudzivirirwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera: e-mafuta

E-mafuta, kureva mafuta ekugadzira, anowanzoshambadzirwa sechinotsiva mafuta efossil, ane nharo yekuti anogona kushandiswa mumajini akajairwa uye masisitimu ekudziya. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kwe-e-fuels, asiwo yehydrogen, inoda kuwanda kwesimba kana ichienzaniswa nekushandiswa kwakananga kwemagetsi kushanda motokari kana pombi inopisa, i.e. zvakare akawanda emagetsi emhepo, PV panels, hydroelectric power plant. , etc. Pane Pane njodzi yekuti magetsi anobva mumarasha anopfurwa nemarasha achashandiswa kugadzira e-fuels. Izvi zvaizodzinga dhiyabhorosi naBheerizebhubhi.

Kudzivirirwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera: Bio-Fuels

Bio mafuta anowanzo kutorwa seimwe nzira. Chinokosha pano kugadzirwa kwakasimba, i.e. kana paine kusawirirana nekugadzirwa kwechikafu kana, semuenzaniso, nekodzero dzepasi dzevanhu veko. Iwe unofanirwawo kuzvibvunza iwe kana, munguva dzekushomeka kwezviyo kwakakonzerwa nehondo muUkraine, zvine mufungo kuti biofuel yakagadzirwa kubva muzviyo ipinde mumatangi edu. E-mafuta uye bio-mafuta anoita basa rakakosha munzvimbo dzisina imwe nzira, i.e. mamwe maindasitiri uye kutumira uye nendege.

Kudzivirirwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera: CO2 muripo

Semuenzaniso wekupedzisira, Renate Christ anotaura CO2 muripo, iyo inonyanya kufarirwa mukufambisa kwemhepo asiwo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai se e-commerce kana CO2-neutral parcels. Nemaeuro mashoma ekuwedzera unogona kupa mari chirongwa chekudzivirira mamiriro ekunze - kunyanya munyika dzichiri kusimukira - wobva wafunga kuti nenzira iyi kubhururuka kwacho hakuzokonzerese kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Asi uku kurasika kukuru. Muripo unodiwa pachinangwa cheti zero, asi mukana wekudyara masango uye zvakare magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi ane mashoma. Aya "negative emissions" anodiwa zvakanyanya kudzikamisa zvakaoma-ku-kudzivisa kuburitsa kubva munzvimbo dzakaoma uye haakwanise kumisa kuburitswa kweumbozha.

Reinhard Steurer: Tiri kuzvinyengera

Reinhard Steurer, Purofesa weClimate Policy paBOKU Vienna, akatsanangura kuti tiri kungozvinyengedza kana tichitenda kuti tinokoshesa kudzivirira kwemamiriro ekunze, pachedu, mune zvematongerwo enyika uye mubhizinesi. Matanho mazhinji haasi ekugadzirisa dambudziko zvakaringana, asi nezvekuita kuti tiratidzike kana kunzwa zviri nani. Mubvunzo mukuru wekuziva kudzivirira kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera wakapetwa kaviri: Chiyero chinoderedza zvakadini kusvibiswa kwegasi rinopisa uye chinongobatsira kusvika papi kudzikamisa hana yomunhu?

Kudzivirirwa kwekunze kwemamiriro ekunze: Mota-isina zororo reCaribbean muSustainable-Lifestyle_Resort

Semuyenzaniso, Steurer anotora "zororo remahara reCaribbean munzvimbo inogadzikana yehupenyu". Isu tinogara tichisarudza dziviriro yemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera muchitoro, senge mukanzuru yenyika kana sarudzo dzenyika. Mundima yezvematongerwo enyika, zvakanyanya nezve show uye chiratidzo. Padanho repasi rose, tinoona nhoroondo yemakore makumi matatu emamiriro ekunze iyo iri nhoroondo yekukwira kwedambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Chibvumirano cheParis, anodaro Steurer, chibvumirano chakanangana ne2,7C kusvika 3C chine label ye1,5C. Pasinei nemisangano yose uye zvibvumirano, iyo curve yekusangana kwe CO2 mumhepo yave yakakwira uye yakakwira. Zvingadai zvakatora zvakawanda kudzikamisa curve, semuenzaniso World Climate Organisation yakafanana neWorld Trade Organisation, hapafanirwe kunge paine kutengeserana kwemahara pasina kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze uye tinofanirwa kunge takaunza mitero yemamiriro ekunze kare kare.

Kwenguva refu, EU emissions yekutengesa system yaingove sham yekudzivirira kwemamiriro ekunze nekuti mutengo weCO2 wegumi euros waive wakadzikira. Zvichakadaro, kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze kwesham kwakashanduka kuita kudzivirira kwemamiriro ekunze chaiko. Mumwe muenzaniso ndewekuti muEU, kupisa tsvina yepurasitiki uye kupisa kwebiomass kunoonekwa sezero-emission renewable energy. Nhasi, zvidyarwa zvemarasha zvinopisa huni kubva kuU.SA dzinobva mukutema-kuchena.

Steurer anokumbira vatori venhau kuti vasambobvuma kutaura kwezvematongerwo enyika vasina kuzviongorora. Merkel naKurz, semuenzaniso, vagara vachirumbidza mabasa avo ekudzivirira mamiriro ekunze, asi chokwadi chechokwadi ndechekuti makore ekuita kwehurumende neCDU neÖVP haana kuunza chero mhedzisiro yakavimbika. Kunyangwe iwe uchiramba dambudziko remamiriro ekunze kana kuedza kurigadzirisa nekunyepedzera kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze, mhedzisiro yakafanana: kuburitswa hakusi kuburuka. Kufanana nemamwe maparamende eEurope, paramende yeAustria yakazivisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Asi mutemo wekukurumidzira wemamiriro ekunze uri kupi? Kunyangwe mutemo wekudzivirira mamiriro ekunze uyo Austria yave nayo mumakore achangopfuura wanga usisashande.

Kudzivirirwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera: kusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze panosvika 2040

Iyo yekupedzisira bogus yekudzivirira mamiriro ekunze banter ndeyekutaura nezve 1,5 ° C chinangwa uye kutaura nezvekusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze panosvika 2040. Izvi zvinonzwika zvakanaka, asi kubva pakuona kwanhasi chinangwa ichi hachigoneke. Parizvino zvese zvinangwa zvekudzikisa emission zvakapotsa, mushure mekunge kubuda kwedenda kwadzokera kumatanho apfuura, hakuna kudzikiswa kubva muna 1990. Kusarerekera kweCarbon kwaizoreva kuti zvinobuda mumhepo zvinofanirwa kuenda ku zero panosvika 2030. Izvozvo hazvigoneki nezvematongerwo enyika zvatinoona. Unofanira kunyatsovhara maziso ako nenzeve kuti ngano iyi irambe iri mhenyu.

Kudzivirirwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera: green gasi

Chekupedzisira, Steurer akataura nezve kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera muhupfumi: "Pese kana mumwe munhu anobva kuChamber of Commerce akakuudza chimwe chinhu nezve 'green gasi', hydrogen mumagasi ekudziya masisitimu, mudzimba, ipapo inhema." Tichada hydrogen yakakosha. uye biogas uko pasina imwe nzira, semuenzaniso mukufamba nendege.

Kudzivirirwa kwemanyepo emamiriro ekunze manzwi akadai se "kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze ane njere" kana chirevo cheChamber of Commerce kuita kuchengetedza kwemamiriro ekunze chete nekuzvidira, pasina kurambidzwa uye nzira dzemitero. Chamber of Commerce inotozvirova dundundu kuti yakataurirana kubviswa kweropafadzo yedhiziri.

Vakuru vaitaurira vana ngano, anodaro Steurer. Nhasi vana veFridays for Future vanotsanangura dambudziko remamiriro ekunze kune vakuru uye vakuru vanoudzana ngano.

MaGreens anodzidzirawo sham kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze, semuenzaniso apo Ministry of the Environment inozvirumbidza kuti zviratidzo izvo ASFINAG inomisa pamwe nemigwagwa inogadzirwa nematanda, uye kana zvisiri pachena uye zvisina kujeka kuratidzwa kuti mutemo uripo hauzadzise zvinangwa. ye2030 na2040 haisipo.

Chinenge chiyero chese chine mukana wekuchinja kukuru, asiwo mukana wekudzivirira kwemamiriro ekunze. Izvo ndezvekuziva uye kufumura kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze enhema, nekuti ipapo haichashandi.

Ulrich Leth: Kuburitswa kwemigwagwa kuri kuwedzera pachinzvimbo chekudzikira

Nyanzvi yetraffic Ulrich Leth akataura kuti traffic ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kusamira kwehutsi. 30 muzana yezvinobuda muAustria zvinobva munzvimbo iyi. Kunyange zvazvo hutsi hwakaderera mune mamwe mativi, hwakawedzera nezvikamu makumi manomwe nezvishanu kubva muzana muzvekufambisa mukati memakore makumi matatu apfuura.

Kudzivirirwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera: nzvimbo dzekupaka dzinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze

Pano, tinosangana nekuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Semuenzaniso, "nzvimbo dzekupaka dzinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze" dzakamiswa muLower Austrian housing promotion scheme. Kuvhurwa kwenzvimbo dzekupaka kunoitirwa kurwisa kupisa kwezhizha. Zvinonzwika zvakanaka, asi dambudziko nderekuti nzvimbo yekupaka pachayo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kwetraffic nekuti nzvimbo dzekupaka ndiyo kwainoenda uye kwainoenda kwemota traffic. Chero bedzi huwandu hushoma hwenzvimbo dzekupaka dzakatemerwa - uye ichi chisaririra cheReichsgaragen regulation mu "Third Reich", uko ruzhinji mota yaive chinangwa chakaziviswa - chero kuvharwa kwenzvimbo dzekupaka ingori jasi regirini. pendi yezvivakwa zvinosimudzira kushandiswa kwemotokari . Uye izvo zvakazvimiririra nemhando yemotokari yemotokari, nekuti kupararira kwemadhorobha kugona kwemotokari yemotokari nemhedzisiro yakaipa yakadai sekushandiswa kwevhu uye kupatsanurwa kwekushandisa kunoramba kwakafanana.

Kudzivirirwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera: kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nekuvaka mota

Muenzaniso unotevera ndewe "Kudzivirirwa kwemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nekuvaka mota". Pano munhu anonzwa kuti mapurojekiti akadai seLobau Tunnel aizogonesa budiriro yemaguta. Asi mishumo yepakutanga inonyatsoratidza kuti chirongwa ichi chaizokurudzira kupararira kwemaguta uye kugadzira imwe nzvimbo yezvitoro uye misika yehunyanzvi kunze. Iyo radial nzira network yaizonyanya kurodha uye iyo Marchfeld landscape yaizogurwa. Hapana chakachinja mune zvinoonekwa mhedzisiro, chete rhetoric ndiyo yachinja.

Ehezve, kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera kana ukaedza kuita kuti mapurojekiti anokurudzira kubuda kwemhepo aite seane hushamwari hwemamiriro ekunze: kupa zita remumugwagwa mugwagwa weguta hauna chekuita nekuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze.

Kudzivirirwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera: fluid mota traffic

Iwe unowanzonzwa kuti motokari yemotokari inofanira kuyerera kuitira kuti gasi shoma rinopedza sezvinobvira ribudiswe. Inner-city "green waves" inodiwa kana kuwedzera kwemigwagwa yepakati. Kunonzi kufamba kwemota kwakapfava, ndiko kuri nani kune mamiriro ekunze. Asi izvo zvakare ndezvekunyepedzera kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze. Nekuti kana mota ikawedzera kuyerera, inozowedzera kunaka, uye vanhu vanochinja kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzekufambisa kuenda kumota. Kune mienzaniso yakakwana yeizvi: iyo "Tangente" muVienna pakutanga yaiitirwa kusunungura migwagwa yemukati-muguta, ichiri yakawandisa kunyangwe kuwedzera kunotevera. Iyo S1, iyo nzira yekuyamura yemugwagwa wekuyamura, ikozvino yaremerwa uye yagadzira zviuru zvedzimwe nzendo pazuva.

Kudzivirirwa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunyepedzera: "Mega cycle nzira inogumbura"

Izvo zvakare sham kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze kuita zvishoma zvakanyanya zvechinhu chakanaka. Pakunyatsotariswa, Guta reVienna "mega cycle nzira inogumbura" inoshanduka kuita yekunyepedzera. 17 makiromita enzira itsva dzekutenderera dziri kuuya. Asi izvo zvakakonzeresa kusakwana kwezvivakwa zvekuchovha bhasikoro, semuenzaniso kuchovha bhasikoro kunotungamirwa munzira yebhazi. Pamakiromita gumi nemanomwe akaziviswa, pangori neanopfuura mashanu ari nzira itsva dzekutenderera. Iwo mapeji muVienna's main cycle path network ari 17 km. Nemakiromita mashanu pagore, zvicharamba zvichitora makumi mashoma emakore kusvika pane inoenderera, yakabatana network yenzira dzekutenderera.

Chii chingave chiri kuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze muchikamu chezvekutakurwa? Kufamba kwemotokari kwaizofanira kudzorwa zvakanyanya, kuitira kuti madaro chete avharwe nemotokari uko zvisingaite neimwe nzira. Izvi zvinoshanda, semuenzaniso, kukutakura zvinhu zvinorema kana mota dzechimbichimbi.

Kutarisira nzvimbo yekupaka muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze chaiko kunogona kushanda sei, nekuti inotangira painotangira nzira.

Iyo nzira dzemotokari dzinofanirwa kukwidziridzwa zvakanyanya. Zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji zvinofanirwa kuve nyore, zvakachipa uye zvakavimbika. Kufamba uye kuchovha bhasikoro kunofanira kukurudzirwa. Nzira dzakafara dzeparutivi dzisina zvipingamupinyi dzinodiwa, kuyambuka kunofanirwa kuve kwakachengeteka kune vanofamba netsoka, nzira dzekutenderera dzinodiwa mumigwagwa mikuru yese. Chiratidzo chemhando yakanaka chingave chekuti musikana wemakore gumi nemaviri anogona kuchovha kuenda kuchikoro ari ega.

Mufananidzo webutiro: Montage naMartin Auer