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Nehuni kune kusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze? Hurukuro naJohannes Tintner-Olifiers


Simbi nesimende zvinouraya zvikuru mamiriro ekunze. Indasitiri yesimbi neyesimbi inokonzeresa kunosvika gumi nerimwe muzana yepasi rose CO11 emissions, uye indasitiri yesimende inosvika 2 muzana. Pfungwa yekutsiva kongiri yakasimbiswa mukuvaka neinonyanya kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze zvinhu zvekuvaka zviri pachena. Saka isu toda kuvaka nematanda here? Taneta nazvo here? Huni zvechokwadi CO8 isina kwayakarerekera here? Kana kuti tingatochengeta kabhoni iyo sango rinobvisa mumhepo muzvivako zvemapuranga? Ndiyo yaizova mhinduro yezvinetso zvedu zvose here? Kana kuti pane miganhu semhinduro dzakawanda dzetekinoroji here?

Martin Auer anobva kuSCIENTISTS FOR FUTURE akakurukura izvi na dr Johannes Tintner-Olifiers inochengetwa neInstitute for Physics and Materials Science paUniversity of Natural Resources uye Applied Life Sciences muVienna.

JOHANNES TINTNER-OLIFERS: Zviri pachena kuti tinofanira kuzvigadzirisa pachedu panyaya yezvivakiso. Hutsi huri kuburitswa neindasitiri yesimende neindasitiri yesimbi parizvino huri padanho repamusoro-soro - neruremekedzo rwese pamatanho ari kutorwa neindasitiri yesimende kuderedza kuburitswa kweCO2. Tsvagiridzo yakawanda iri kuitwa pamusoro pekugadzira simende nenzira isina kwayakarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze uyewo kuti ungatsiva sei simende inosungirirwa nemamwe mabhinda. Basa riri kuitwawo pakuparadzanisa nekusunga CO2 muchimuni panguva yekugadzira simende. Unogona kuzviita nesimba rakakwana. Kemikari, kushandura iyi CO2 kuita plastiki ine hydrogen inoshanda. Mubvunzo ndewokuti: unoita sei nazvo ipapo?

Simende yekuvaka icharamba yakakosha mune ramangwana, asi ichave yakanyanyisa chigadzirwa nekuti inoshandisa simba rakawanda - kunyangwe iri simba rinodzokororwa. Kubva pamaonero ehupfumi chete, hatizoda kuzvitenga. Izvo zvinoshandawo kune simbi. Hapana chigayo chikuru chesimbi chiri kushanda zvachose pasimba rinodzokororwa, uye isu hatidi kutenga izvozvo zvakare.

Tinoda zvokuvakisa zvinoda simba shoma zvikuru. Iko hakuna akawanda kwazvo, asi kana tikatarisa kumashure munhoroondo, mutsara unozivikanwa: chivako chevhu, chivakwa chematanda, dombo. Izvi zvinhu zvekuvaka zvinogona kucherwa uye kushandiswa nesimba shoma. Muchidimbu, izvo zvinogoneka.Asi iyo indasitiri yehuni parizvino haisi CO2-yanotsigira. Kukohwa kwehuni, kugadzira huni, indasitiri yehuni inoshanda nefossil simba. Indasitiri yekugadzira masowe ndiyo ichiri yakanakisa chinongedzo mucheni, nekuti makambani mazhinji anoshanda ega akasanganiswa kupisa uye magetsi emagetsi ane huwandu hukuru hwesawdust nemakwati avanoburitsa. Huwandu hwese hwekugadzira zvinhu zvinoenderana nefossil mbishi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa muindasitiri yehuni, semuenzaniso wegluing,. Pane tsvakiridzo yakawanda irikuitika, asi ndizvo zviri kuitika panguva ino.

Pasinei neizvi, iyo carbon footprint yehuni iri nani zvikuru kupfuura yekongiri yakasimbiswa. Rotary kilns yekugadzira simende dzimwe nguva inopisa mafuta anorema. Indasitiri yesimende inokonzera zvikamu zvisere kubva muzana zvekubuda kweCO2 pasi rose. Asi mafuta anongova chinhu chimwe chete. Rutivi rwechipiri ndiko kuita kwemakemikari. Limestone inonyanya kuve musanganiswa wecalcium, kabhoni uye oksijeni. Paunenge uchishandura kuita simenti clinker pakupisa kwakanyanya (approx. 8 ° C), kabhoni inoburitswa seCO2.

MARTIN AUER: Zvakawanda zviri kufungwa nezve nzira yekubvisa kabhoni kubva mumhepo uye kuichengeta mukufamba kwenguva. Huni sechinhu chekuvakisa chingava chitoro chakadaro here?

JOHANNES TINTNER-OLIFERS: Pamutemo, kuverenga kwacho kwakarurama: Kana ukatora huni kubva kusango, chengetedza nzvimbo iyi zvine mwero, sango rinokura zvakare ipapo, uye huni hahupiswi asi hunogadzirwa muzvivako, ipapo huni dzinochengetwa ipapo uye izvo. CO2 kwete mumhepo. Kusvika zvino, ndizvozvo. Isu tinoziva kuti zvivakwa zvemapuranga zvinogona kuchembera. MuJapan mune zvivakwa zvemapuranga zvakakurumbira zvinodarika makore 1000. Tinogona kudzidza huwandu hunoshamisa kubva munhoroondo yezvakatipoteredza.

Kuruboshwe: Hōryū-ji, “Temberi Yokudzidzisa Buddha' muIkaruga, Japan. Zvinoenderana nekuongorora kwedendrochronological, huni hwepakati mbiru yakatemwa muna 594.
Photo: 663highlands kuburikidza ne Wikimedia
Kurudyi: Chechi yeStave muUrnes, Norway, yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi12 nerechi13.
Photo: Michael L. Rieser kuburikidza ne Wikimedia

Vanhu vaishandisa huni nokuchenjera zvikuru kupfuura zvatinoita nhasi. Muenzaniso: Nzvimbo yakasimba kwazvo mumuti ndeyekubatana kwebazi. Inofanira kunge yakanyatsogadzikana kuitira kuti bazi risaputsika. Asi isu hatizvishandise nhasi. Isu tinounza huni kune iyo sowe uye saha kubva pabazi. Kuvakwa kwezvikepe munguva yekutanga yemazuva ano, kutsvaga kwakakosha kwakaitwa miti ine curvature yakarurama. Imwe nguva yapfuura ndaiva neprojekti pamusoro pechinyakare resin kugadzirwa kubva mutema mapaini, iyo "Pechen". Zvakanga zvakaoma kuwana mupfuri aigona kugadzira mudziyo waidiwa - mbezo. Peche akagadzira mubato pachake ndokutsvaga gwenzi rakakodzera. Akazove nemudziyo uyu kwehupenyu hwake hwese. Zvigayo zvemasaha zvinogadzira miti inosvika mana kusvika kushanu, mimwe inotova mhando yemhando imwe chete, kunyanya larch kana spruce. Kuti ushandise huni zviri nani uye zvine hungwaru, indasitiri yehuni yaizofanirwa kuve yakanyanyisa hunyanzvi, kushandisa basa revanhu uye ruzivo rwevanhu uye kugadzira mashoma-akagadzirwa zvinhu. Hongu, kugadzira mubato wembezo sechinhu chimwe chete kunganetsa mune zveupfumi. Asi nehunyanzvi, chigadzirwa chakadaro chepamusoro.

Kuruboshwe: Kuvakwa patsva kwegejo reNeolithic rinotora mukana weforogo yehuni.
Photo: Wolfgang Yakachena kuburikidza ne Wikimedia
Right: adze
Photo: Razbak kuburikidza ne Wikimedia

MARTIN AUER: Saka huni hadzina kugadzikana sekufunga kunoita munhu?

JOHANNES TINTNER-OLIFERS: Komisheni yeEU nguva pfupi yadarika yakarongedza indasitiri yehuni muhuwandu uye seyakagadzikana. Izvi zvakakonzera kutsoropodza kwakawanda, nokuti kushandiswa kwehuni kunongogadzikana chete kana kusingaderedzi masango akazara. Kushandiswa kwesango muAustria parizvino kwakasimba, asi izvi zvinodaro nekuti isu hatidi zviwanikwa izvi chero isu tichishanda nemafossil mbishi. Isu tinobvisawo kuparadzwa kwemasango muchidimbu nekuti tinopinza chikafu nenyama izvo zvinotemwa masango kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Isu tinopinzawo marasha egrill kubva kuBrazil kana Namibia.

MARTIN AUER: Tingave nehuni dzakakwana kuti tishandure indasitiri yekuvaka?

JOHANNES TINTNER-OLIFERS: Kazhinji, indasitiri yedu yekuvaka yakaputika zvakanyanya. Isu tinovaka zvakanyanya uye tinodzokorora zvishoma zvakanyanya. Iyo yakawanda yezvivakwa haina kugadzirwa kuti idzokororwe. Kudai taida kutsiva zvitsama zvakaiswa iye zvino zvesimbi nekongiri nematanda, taisazozvikwanira. Dambudziko guru nderekuti zvivakwa nhasi zvine hupenyu hupfupi. Zvizhinji zvivakwa zvekongiri zvakasimbiswa zvinoputswa mushure memakore makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana. Uku kutambisa zviwanikwa zvatisingakwanise. Uye chero bedzi tisina kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, hazvizobatsiri kutsiva kongiri yakasimbiswa nehuni.

Kana, panguva imwecheteyo, isu tichida kushandisa yakawanda biomass yekugadzira simba uye kudzoreredza yakawanda biomass sezvivakwa zvekuvaka uye yakawanda ivhu kune zvekurima - izvo hazvigoneke. Uye kana huni zvakataurwa seCO2-ineutral muhuwandu, saka pane ngozi yokuti masango edu achatemwa. Vaizobva vakura zvakare mumakore makumi mashanu kana zana, asi mumakore mashoma aitevera izvi zvaizoita kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iwedzere kungofanana nekudyiwa kwezvinhu zvefossil. Uye kunyange kana huni huchigona kuchengetwa muzvivako kwenguva yakareba, chikamu chikuru chinopiswa semarara. Kune akawanda matanho ekugadzirisa uye pakupedzisira chete chikamu chechishanu chehuni chakaiswa chaizvo.

MARTIN AUER: Iwe unogona kuvaka sei nematanda?

JOHANNES TINTNER-OLIFERS: Chivako chepamusoro-soro chine uriri hwe10 kusvika ku15 zvechokwadi chinogona kuvakwa pachishandiswa mapuranga. Clay inogona kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemukati kunyanya. Zvakafanana nekongiri, ivhu rinogona kuzadzwa kuita formwork uye tamped pasi. Kusiyana nezvidhinha, rammed ivhu haridi kupiswa. Kunyanya kana inogona kutorwa munharaunda, ivhu rine yakanaka kwazvo CO2 chiyero. Pane makambani atove anogadzira zvikamu zvakafanogadzirwa nevhu, mashanga nehuni. Izvi zvamazvirokwazvo chivako chenguva yemberi. Zvakadaro, dambudziko guru rinosara rekuti isu tinongovaka zvakanyanya. Isu tinofanirwa kufunga zvakanyanya nezve magadzirirwo atinoita masheya ekare. Asi pano, zvakare, mubvunzo wezvinhu zvekuvaka wakakosha.

Rammed evhu madziro mukuvaka mukati
Mufananidzo: munyori asingazivikanwe

MARTIN AUER: Chii chingave chirongwa chemaguta makuru seVienna?

JOHANNES TINTNER-OLIFERS: Kana zvasvika kune akawanda-storey zvivakwa zvekugara, hapana chikonzero chekusashandisa huni kana huni-ivhu kuvaka. Uyu ndiwo mubvunzo wemutengo, asi kana tikatengesa CO2 emissions, ipapo mamiriro ehupfumi anoshanduka. Kongiri yakasimbiswa chinhu chakanyanya cheumbozha chigadzirwa. Tichachida nekuti, semuenzaniso, haugone kuvaka tunnel kana dhamu uchishandisa huni. Kongiri yakasimbiswa yezvivako zvekugara zvine nhurikidzwa nhatu kusvika kushanu imbozha yatisingakwanisi.

Zvisinei: sango richiri kukura, asi kukura kuri kuderera, njodzi yekufa kusati yasvika iri kuwedzera, kune zvipembenene zvakawanda. Kunyange tikasatora chinhu, hatingavi nechokwadi chokuti sango racho harizofizve. Kuwedzera kwekudziya kwepasi rose, kushomeka kweCO2 iyo sango rinogona kutora, kureva kushoma kwarinogona kuita basa raro rakada kudzikamisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Izvi zvinoderedza mukana wekushandisa huni sechinhu chekuvaka zvakanyanya. Asi kana hukama hwacho hwakarurama, saka huni hunogona kuva chinhu chakasimba chekuvaka chinosanganawo nezvinodiwa zvekusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze.

Mufananidzo webutiro: Martin Auer, chivakwa chekugara chine nhurikidzwa dzakawanda mukuvaka matanda akasimba muVienna Meidling

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