Sevha zvokurima: zviite zvakasvibirira

naRobert B. Fishman

Zvekurima zvinofanirwa kuve zvinogara zvakagadzikana, zvakanyanya nharaunda uye zvine mamiriro ekunze. Izvo hazvikundike nekuda kwemari, asi nekuda kwesimba revanovhomora uye zvematongerwo enyika zvisina tsarukano.

Pakupera kwaMay, kutaurirana pamusoro pesarudzo yeEuropean yezvekurima mutemo (CAP) kwakakundikana zvakare. Gore rega rega European Union (EU) inotsigira kurima nemari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu emadhora. Pane izvi, kutenderera 60 bhiriyoni inoyerera ichienda kuGerman gore rega rega. Wese mugari weEU anobhadhara akakomberedza 6,3 euros pagore nekuda kweizvi. Pakati pe114 ne70 muzana yemari inoenda yakananga kuvarimi. Kubhadhara kunoenderana nenzvimbo inorimwa purazi. Zvinoitwa nevarimi munyika hazvina basa. Iwo anonzi "Eco-Schemes" ndidzo nharo huru idzo dzave kutaurwa zvino. Idzi ndidzo rubatsiro dzinofanira kupihwa nevarimi nenzira dzekudzivirira mamiriro ekunze nenharaunda. Paramende yeEuropean yaida kuchengetedza kanokwana makumi matatu kubva muzana emabhizimusi eEU ekurima izvi. Vazhinji vemakurukota ezvekurima vanopokana nazvo. Tinoda kurima kune hushamwari hwemamiriro ekunze. Kanenge chikamu chechishanu kusvika chechina chepasi rose gasi rinokanganisa gasi iri nekuda kwekuita kwekurima.

Mari dzekunze

Chikafu chinongoita kunge chakachipa kuGerman. Mitengo iri pakubuda muchitoro chikuru inovanza chikamu chikuru chemutengo wechikafu chedu. Isu tese tinovabhadhara nemitero yedu, mari yemvura nemarara uye kune mamwe akawanda mabhiri. Chimwe chikonzero kurima kwakajairika. Izvi zvinowedzera-ivhu revhu nemamineral fotereza uye mupfudze wemvura, masara ayo anosvibisa nzizi, nyanza nemvura yepasi munzvimbo zhinji. Mvura yemvura inofanirwa kuchera zvakadzika nekudzika kuitira kuti uwane mvura yekunwa yakachena. Pamusoro pezvo, pane zvinodyarwa zvine chepfu zvakasara muzvikafu, simba rinodiwa kugadzira mafetiraiza ekugadzira, zvisaririra zvemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kubva mukukodza mhuka kunopinda mumvura yepasi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa vanhu nezvakatipoteredza. Iyo yakasviba yakakura nitrate yemvura yepasi yega inokonzeresa kukuvara kwemazana gumi emabhiriyoni ema euro kuGerman gore rega.

Mutengo chaiwo wekurima

Sangano reUN World Food Organisation (FAO) rinowedzera mari yekuteedzera yezvekurima pasi rose kusvika pamazana maviri emadhora emadhora ekuAmerica. Uye zvakare, kune zvemunharaunda zvekutevera-up mitengo yeinosvika 2,1 tiririyoni US madhora, semuenzaniso yekurapa vanhu vakazvisvibisa nemushonga wezvipembenene. Masayendisiti eBritish akaverenga mune yavo "Yechokwadi Mutengo" kudzidza: Kune yuro yega yega iyo vanhu vanoshandisa pakutenga muchitoro, panogona kunge pakavanzwa mari dzekunze dzeimwe euro.

Kurasikirwa kwezvisikwa zvipenyu uye kufa kwezvipembenene zvakatodhura. MuEurope chete, nyuchi dzinoitisa munguwa zvirimwa zvinosvika mamirioni makumi matanhatu nemashanu ema euro.

"Organic" hainyanyi kudhura kupfuura "zvakajairwa"

"Ongororo yakaitwa neSustainable Food Trust uye kuverenga kunoitwa nemamwe masangano zvinoratidza kuti zvekudya zvakawanda zvakasikwa zvakachipa pane zvakajairwa kugadzirwa kana iwe uchifunga nezvezvazviri mutengo," rinonyora kudaro Federal Center yeBZfE pawebhusaiti yayo, semuenzaniso.

Vatsigiri veindasitiri yezvigadzirwa zvekudya, kune rumwe rutivi, vanopokana kuti nyika haigone kugutswa nezvibereko zvekurima kwehupenyu. Izvo hazvina kunaka. Nhasi, chikafu chemhuka chinokura kana mombe, hwai kana nguruve dzinofura dzakatenderedza 70 muzana yenyika inoshandiswa kurima pasirese. Dai mumwe aifanira kurima chikafu chakasimwa muminda yakakodzera izvi, uye kana vanhu vakarasa chikafu chidiki (nhasi kutenderedza 1/3 yekugadzirwa kwepasirese), varimi venyama vanogona kupa vanhu chikafu.

Dambudziko: Kusvika pari zvino, hapana munhu akabhadhara varimi imwe mari yekuwedzera yavanogadzira kusiyanisa, masikirwo enharaunda uye nenharaunda yavo. Izvo zvakaoma kuverenga izvi mumaeuro nemasendi. Hapana kana munhu anogona kutaura chaizvo kuti imvura yakachena yakadii, mhepo yakachena uye chikafu chine hutano chakakosha. Regionalwert AG muFreiburg yakaratidza maitiro eiyi ne "yekurima kuita accounting" yekupedzisira matsutso. Pa Webhusaiti  varimi vanogona kuisa yavo data yepurazi. 130 makiyi ekuita mashandiro kubva kumapoka manomwe akanyorwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, varimi vanodzidza huwandu hwakawanda hwavanogadzira, semuenzaniso nekudzidzisa vechidiki, kugadzira maruva mitsetse yezvipembenene kana kuchengetedza kubereka kwevhu kuburikidza nekurima zvine hungwaru.

Anoenda nedzimwe nzira Organic ivhu mushandira pamwe

Inotenga ivhu nemapurazi kubva kune idzo nhengo dzayo, iyo yaanobhadhara kuvarimi vehupenyu. Dambudziko: Mumatunhu mazhinji, ivhu rinorimwa rava kudhura zvekuti mapurazi madiki uye vechidiki nyanzvi havagone kuwana. Pamusoro pazvose, kurima kwakajairika kunongobatsira chete kumapurazi makuru. Muna 1950 maive nemapurazi 1,6 miriyoni kuGerman. Mu2018 kwaive kuchine dzakatenderedza 267.000. Mumakore gumi apfuura chete, murimi wega wega wechitatu akapa.

Zvinokurudzira zvisizvo

Varimi vazhinji vaizogadzirisa ivhu ravo nenzira inochengetedza, zvakatipoteredza uye inoenderana nemamiriro ekunze kana vachigona kuwana mari nazvo. Nekudaro, vashoma chete vashanduri vanotenga nekure chikamu chakakura chegoho uyo, nekuda kwekushomeka kwemamwe maitiro, anokwanisa chete kuendesa zvigadzirwa zvavo kumaketani makuru ezvitoro: Edeka, Aldi, Lidl naRee ndivo makuru. Ivo vanorwira kukwikwidza kwavo nemakwikwi mitengo. Iwo emaketeni emaketani anopfuudza mutengo kumanikidza kune avo vanotengesa uye neavo kune varimi. Muna Kubvumbi, semuenzaniso, madhiri makuru muWestphalia akabhadhara varimi chete 29,7 cents pa litita. "Hatigone kugadzira izvo," anodaro murimi Dennis Strothlüke muBielefeld. Ndokusaka akabatana nekambani yekushambadzira yakananga Musika wevhiki nevhiki24 zvakabatana. Mune akawanda uye akawanda matunhu eGerman, vatengi vari kutenga online zvakananga kubva kuvarimi. Imwe kambani inogadzira zvinhu inoendesa zvinhu kumusuwo wevatengi manheru anotevera. Vanoshanda zvakafanana Anofarira musika . Pano zvakare, vatengi vanoodha online zvakananga kubva kuvarimi mudunhu ravo. Izvi zvinobva zvaendesa pazuva rakatarwa kunzvimbo yekuchinjisa, uko vatengi vanotora zvinhu zvavo. Kubatsira kwevarimi: Vanowana mitengo yakakwira zvakanyanya pasina vatengi kubhadhara zvakanyanya kupfuura zvavaizotengesa. Nekuti varimi vanongogadzira uye kuendesa zvakarairwa pamberi, zvishoma zvinokandwa kure.

Vezvematongerwo enyika chete ndivo vanokwanisa kupa mupiro wekusimba pakurima kwakadzikama: Vanofanira kudzikisira rubatsiro rwavo kubva pamari yevateresi kuenda kunzira dzekurima dzakatipoteredza nedzakasununguka. Senge chero bhizinesi, mapurazi anogadzira izvo zvinovavimbisa iwo mubhadharo wepamusoro.