Veronika Janyrova
"Mutemo wekusvikira (muAustria), semuenzaniso, unopa maitiro uye ekunyoresa zvisungo zvevamiriri vanofarira uye vanobiridzira, asi hazvibatanidze makamuri uye hazvipe kuruzhinji chero nzwisiso yezviri mukati mebasa rekupamba."
Nyaya dzekudzvinyirira dzakabirirwa uye dzisingafungidziri uye zvisiri pamutemo pesarudzo dzematongerwo enyika dzinofambidzana nehutsotsi hwehuori semumvuri murefu. Panguva pfupi yapfuura kubva pakasarudzika komiti yeEurofight muAustria muna 2006 na2007, kupomera muAustria nezano rezvematongerwo enyika kwave kungofungidzirwa nezvehuori.
Hazvishamisi kuti kuvimba kwaAustria mune zvematongerwo enyika kwaive kuri kudzikira kwemakore. Zvakawanda kusvika, muna 2017, 87 muzana yevagari vaive nekuvimba zvishoma kana kusavimba mune zvematongerwo enyika (OGM ongororo yakaitwa panzvimbo yeiyo Initiative yeMajorous Suffrage uye Democratic Reform, 2018). Uye zvakanyanyisa kuitika kuti izvi zvingadai zvakavandudza gore rino.
Asi haisiriyo nyanzvi dzevaenzi uye vapi vezano vezvematongerwo enyika vanoedza kupesvedzera sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika. Vatambi vazhinji vezvemagariro vanoteedzera ichi chinangwa - masayenzi masosi, nheyo, matangi ekufunga, masangano, NGO, zvakare mapoka ezvikoro uye kushamwaridzana kwevabereki. Uye dzinenge dzese dzinomiririra zvido zvepfungwa kana zvimwe.
Kutarisa kumashure uye kutarisa mberi
Mukuenzanisa kwenyika dzakawanda, kubvunza nezvematongerwo enyika se indasitiri muAustria idiki. Kwehafu yezana ramakore, chiyero chemagariro chevanhu chakanakira kuitika kunyanya padanho rekubatana kwevanhu. Mapoka makuru anofarira (Dare reVashandi AK, Chamber of Commerce WKO, Chikamu chekurima LKO, Sangano revashandi ÖGB) zvainyatsogona kutarisirwa. Makwikwi ezvematongerwo enyika aisakwikwidzana nemapati maviri akakurumbira. Munguva yekujoinha EU uye pasi pekuratidzwa kwaWolfgang Schüssel, mapoka emagariro anofarira akazopedzisira adzoserwa kumashure zvakanyanya.
Iye wezvematongerwo enyika anonyora nezve izvi Anton Pelinka: "Kuvandudzwa kwezano rezvematongerwo enyika muAustria kwaizivikanwa nehunhu hunokosha: kunonoka. Zvichienderana nekunonoka kwegutsaruzhinji mukuwandisa uye kusimbiswa nekushanda kwakawandisa kwebato, zvigadziro nemabasa ezano rezvematongerwo enyika, sezvavanowirirana nedemokrasi yerusununguko, vakagadzira zvishoma zvishoma muAustria. "
Hazvitomboitika kuti kudiwa kwezano rehurongwa kuchaderera mune remangwana rakajeka. Zvemagariro, zvehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika nezviitiko zvemitambo zvakangoomarara nhasi nekuda kwaizvozvo. Uye zvakare, mhando uye dzisina-kuvhota mhando dzakawana mukukosha uye dzakapa vezvematongerwo enyika chinhu chekuwedzera chekusafungidzira. Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, nzanga inowedzera kusunungurwa uye yakasarudzika pachayo inoda kutarisirwa zvakanyanya, kutora chikamu uye kutora chikamu mukuzvitonga kuzere.
Nezve iyo yemahara kutamba kwekupokana
Chokwadi, kodzero yekumiririra zvido zveumwe munhu chinhu chakakosha cheruzhinji rusununguko, rusununguko. Izvi zvinosanganisirawo kuchinjaniswa kweruzivo pakati pemasangano, makambani uye mapoka anofarira kune rumwe rutivi nezvematongerwo enyika, paramende uye manejimendi kune imwe. Kwete vanongori vezvemagariro vezvematongerwo enyika vanobata maonero aya, semuenzaniso Transparency International, iyo inoramba ichitarisa uye ichiongorora huwori munyika: “Pfungwa yekutanga yekukumbirisa uye kushambadzira ndeyekunyora, kutora chikamu uye kutora chikamu kwevanhu nemasangano anokanganiswa nemagariro kana zvimwe sarudzo kana zviitiko.
Asi kushandira pamwe uku kunofanirwa kuvhurika zvakakwana uye pachena, "anodaro Eva Geiblinger, CEO weTransparency International - Austrian Chitsauko. Kutamba kwemahara kwekupokana uye kuisirwa kwezvakanakisa zvechokwadi ndiko kunzwisisika kunonzwisisika kwegutsaruzhinji. Uye haisi utopu, nekuti pane zvakakwana zviitiko uye mafungiro ezvo.
Kufambisa muAustria: Haasi ese makwai matema
Kune zvakare yakakomba zano zano. Basa rako repakati pekupa zvematongerwo enyika nehutongi nehunyanzvi. Izvi zvinosanganisira chokwadi chakasarudzika uye kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro uye zvinodiwa uye zvisingadiwi mhedzisiro yezvisarudzo zvematongerwo enyika.
Sainzi wezvematongerwo enyika, Hubert Sickinger, semuenzaniso, anorondedzera ruzivo rwevanotora sarudzo se "mari iri pamutemo" yekukumbira vanhu, "nekuti inofanirwa uye inoshanda kumhando dzesarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika". Maererano naye, kushamwaridzana kunodiwa kubva pakufunga kwezvematongerwo enyika, kana zvido zvakawanda sezvazvinogona zvine mukana chaiwo wekunzwiwa uye zvisarudzo zvisingaitwe pachishandiswa ruzivo rumwe.
Nehurombo, iyewo anofanirwa kuziva kuti kukumbira muAustria, kunyanya kuburikidza nemasangano uye mukati meimba madhipatimendi ekugamuchira, zvinowanzoitika muchivande: "Chaizvoizvo" mari "yevaenzi inzvimbo yavo yezvematongerwo enyika uye ruzivo rwakadzama mukushanda kwehutongi hwezvematongerwo enyika" Kunyangwe zviremera zvepamutemo zvinogona kutungamirwa nenzira iyi. Kudzivirira kunofanirwa kunge kuri bhizinesi revanhu mune yakasununguka demokrasi, nekuti hurukuro yakavhurika nezve Mibvunzo yechokwadi uye zvaunofarira ndizvo zvakare zvinotsanangura kunaka kwemasarudzo ezvematongerwo enyika.
Mazano akawanda eizvi anouya kubva kumazano ezvematongerwo enyika pachavo .. semuenzaniso, chipangamazano wezvematongerwo enyika, Feri Thierry, anodaidzira kuti rive basa reruzivo, semuenzaniso kuburikidza nekuzvimiririra ruzivo rwekuunganidza ruzivo uye kujekesa, pamwe nekujekeswa pachena kwevanhu nenyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika, sarudzo-sarudzo uye sarudzo sarudzo nerumwe divi uye zvakabatana nazvo pane. Maererano naye, ndizvo chaizvo pachena pachena izvi zvinokurudzira kuyananiswa kwemagariro uye kukonana.
Kuti vadzore kuvimbika kwemaindasitiri iyi, iyo Austrian Public Affairs Association (ÖPAV) uye yeAustria Lobbying uye Public Affairs Council (ALPAC) yakadzika maitiro emitezo kunhengo dzayo, idzo mune dzakawanda zviitiko dzinopfuura kupfuura mutemo wepamutemo.
Mamiriro emutemo: kukumbira muAustria
MuAustria idzi varombo kwazvo. Kunyangwe ivo vakadzoreredzwa kakawanda mushure mekudzingwa kwaErnst Strasser's, pachine kudikanwa kukuru kwekugadzirisa. Iri gore ra2012 zvakadaro raive chiitiko chakaitika mune iyi mamiriro: National Council yakapasisa mutemo weLobbying and Lobbying Transparency Act, Politics Parties Act, ichisimbisa mutemo wekuparadza huwori pamwe neIncompatible and Transparency Act yevaParamende. Ichi chakaisa kosi yakakosha, asi zvinosuwisa kuti yakawanda yemirawu yakazove yakashomeka.
Lobbying Act, semuenzaniso, inopa maitiro uye ekunyoresa zvisungo zvevamiriri vanofarira uye vanobiridzira, asi hazvibatanidze makamuri uye hazvipe kuruzhinji chero nzwisiso mune zviri mukati mebasa rekubata. Iye anongoona mazita nekutengesa. Sekureva kwaHubert Sickinger, saka zvakanyanya zverejista kwerejista pane chaiyo yekujekesa rejista. Asi kunyangwe seichi chinenge chisina basa. Kuenzaniswa ne3.000-4.000 lobby nyanzvi dzakafungidzirwa neiyo ÖPAV muAustria, vanhu mazana matanhatu chete ndivo vanyoreswa, i.e. zvisizvo cheshanu. Mukupesana, Media Transparency Act, inotaura kuti masangano eruzhinji anosungirwa kutaurira PR mari uye zviwanikwa, ine huwandu hwekuburitsa mazana ezana muzana.
Inoshanda
Iko kutsoropodzwa kwemutemo wekusvikira kuri kwese kwese uye zvinodiwa zvinobva mukuwedzera nekubvumirana kweanonyoreswa chisungo, kujekesa zvakanyanya pamasangano evashandi vehurumende, kuchitsigiro chemutemo icho chingaite pachena uye kunzwisisike, pane avo kurudziro mimwe mitemo nemitemo zvichidzokera kumashure.
Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akafanana neIkusapindirana uye neTransparent Act yeveMP, inopa basa rekutaura mari yavanotambira uye mabasa avo. Iyi mishumo haina kucherechedzwa kana ruzivo rwenhema rwakatemerwa. Ichi zvakare chikonzero chekushoropodzwa kwenguva dzose kweChunga reEurope, iro, pamusoro pekudzora uye masanctions pane ruzivo, rinodaidzawo kodhi yemafambiro yenhengo dzeparamende nemirau yakajeka yekubata nevanoshamwaridzana. Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, anodaidzira kurambidzwa kwakajeka kwevamiriri veParamende vanoita sevaenzi.
Ratidza mari uye ruzivo runoyerera
Iko kushaya simba kwemutemo webato kwakaratidzirwa zvinoshamisa kwatiri muna 2019. Rusununguko rwemutemo wezveruzivo rwingave rwakakosha zvakare kuAustria, sezvakange zvichidikanwa neRusununguko rweRuzivo rweForamu kwemakore. Izvi zvinopa - panzvimbo yeAustria chaiyo "yeakavanzika" - kodzero yevagari yekuwana ruzivo kubva kumasangano ehurumende. Izvo zvaizopfuura zvakanyanya kuyerera kwemari kubva uye kumapato nemapato ezvematongerwo enyika uye, semuenzaniso, kuita kuti kushandiswa kwemitero uye sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika zvive pachena uye zvinonzwisisika.
Izvo zvese mune zvese, iyo mvumo yepamutemo yeAustria nezvekurwira huori uye pesvedzero isiriyo pamitemo uye sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinopfuura hurombo. Mune rima zvakanaka kunhonga. Iko kukosha kwekubata kwakakura uye sekureba sekujeka, mitemo yakajeka yemitambo haina kugadzirirwa vezvematongerwo enyika uye vanozevezera, kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye mukurumbira wezita ravo hazvizoshanduke.
Tichitarisa kumashure, munhu anofanirwa kuve nekutenda kuna Ernst Strasser, nekuti kusarudzika mukati metsika yake mugomba rakabatsira kudzoreredzwa kwepamutemo pane kusvetuka. Uye kune zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti izvo zveya ex-Deputy Chancellor Heinz Christian Strache hazvisi kuzoramba zviripo pasina kugadziriswa kwepamutemo. Kunyangwe iyi mimwe mimwe mirayiro iri kure nemakiromita kubva kune ramangwana rakatungamira, rakajekeswa uye rakavimbika rezvematongerwo enyika, zviitiko izvi - zvinokatyamadza nekunyonganiswa kwewaini kwema1970s - zvakaratidza kuratidza kuchenesa.
INFO: Uori index uye kukumbira muAustria
Transparency International inopa Uori Perceptions Index (CPI). Denmark, Finland neNew Zealand zvinoramba zvisina kupokana munzvimbo nhatu yepamusoro muna 2018, neSouth Sudan, Syria neSomalia pazasi.
Iine makumi matanhatu neshanu kubva pamatanho zana angakwanisika, Austria yakavandudza kusvika kunzvimbo yechigumi nemana, iyo inogara pamwe chete neHong Kong neIceland. Austria yawana mapoinzi manomwe kubva muna 76. Ipo Austria yaive munzvimbo yechigumi nematanhatu gore rapfuura, chinzvimbo chepamusoro kubva muna 100 - nzvimbo yechigumi - hachisati chawanikwa. Mukuenzanisa kweEU, Austria iri zvakare kumashure kweFinland neSweden (nzvimbo ye14), Netherlands neLuxembourg (nzvimbo yechi2013 uye yechi7) pamwe neGerman uye UK (nzvimbo yechigumi nembiri).
Pane chiitiko chekuratidzwa kweCPI 2018, Transparency International iri kuvandudza huwandu hwezvinodikanwa, zvakanangana neNational Council neFederal Government, asiwo kune vebhizinesi pamwe neveruzhinji. "Isu tine chokwadi chekuti kuzadzikiswa kwezvinodiwa zvirimo kunounza shanduko yakakosha kwete chete mumamiriro chaiwo, asiwo mukuongororwa kwenyika yeAustria senzvimbo yebhizinesi," anosimbisa Eva Geiblinger.
Matanho anodiwa:
- Kudzokorodza mutemo wekubiridzira uye marejista - kunyanya mushure mekushoropodzwa kubva kuDare reVanyori
- Yunivhesiti bumbiro: Disclosed zvisungo zvibvumirano pakati sayenzi uye indasitiri, semuenzaniso pane yakazvimirira yechitatu-bato mari yemayunivhesiti yeAustria
- Kuwedzerwa kwekuvhenekera mumatauro eAustria
- Kujeka mune mubairo weugari (goridhe mapasipoti)
- Bvumidza rusununguko rwemutemo ruzivo
- Chisungo chepamutemo chekufumura nemazita mipiro kubva kuindasitiri yemishonga kune vanachiremba uye nhengo dzedzimwe hutano hwezvehupfumi pamwe nerejista yepamusoro yekushambadzira
- Whistleblowing: Kuvimbiswa kwekudzivirirwa kwepamutemo kune whistleblowers kubva kune yakasununguka chikamu, sezvatove kune vashandi vehurumende
-Kuongororwazve mutemo pamusoro pemapato ezvematongerwo enyika kuita kuti zvibvumirwe kudzora zvibvumirano, kuwonekera kweyezvipiro kumapati uye vanhu uye kutevedzera zvinomisikidza mutengo wekushambadzira wesarudzo, unokwenenzverwa uye unoraswa.
