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Kudya zvakasiyana maringe nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze | Chikamu 3: Kupakata uye Kutakura


"Ndimi zvamunodya," chinodaro chirevo. Kazhinji ichokwadi, asi kwete nguva dzose. Chii chiri chechokwadi, zvisinei, ndechekuti isu tinogona kuve nesimba rakakura padambudziko remamiriro ekunze nekutenga kwedu kwekudya uye tsika dzekudya. Pashure Teil 1 (Kugadzirira kudya) uye Teil 2 (Nyama, hove uye zvipembenene) Chikamu chechitatu cheangu akateedzana chiri pamusoro pekupakata uye nzira dzekutakura dzechikafu chedu.

Kunyangwe nyama, organic, zvinomera kana vegan - iko kurongedza kunonetsa. Germany inogadzira yakawanda yekurasa marara muEU uye inoshandisa akawanda epurasitiki muUnited. Nyika yedu yakasiya nyika matani miriyoni 2019 muna18,9 Kavha tsvina saka kutenderedza 227 kilos pamusoro wega. At epurasitiki tsvina nguva pfupi yadarika yaive 38,5 kg pamugari. 

Inonaka mapurasitiki

Plastiki, muEast Germany mapurasitiki, izita rakabatanidzwa repurasitiki rakagadzirwa kubva peturu, kunyanya polyethylene (PE), iyo ine chepfu uye yakaoma kudzokororazve polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) kana polyethylene terephthalate (PET), kubva kunonyanya kunwa. mabhodhoro anogadzirwa. Coca-Cola inogadzira mamirioni matatu ematani ekurongedza marara gore rega rega neayo nzira-mabhodhoro. Akamisikidzwa padhuze nepadhuze, mabhodhoro epurasitiki mazana mabhiriyoni masere kubva kuBrause Boka gore rega vanoita rwendo kuenda kumwedzi nekudzoka ka88. Munzvimbo yechipiri neyechitatu pakati pevanogadzira marara epurasitiki kubva kuindasitiri yezvikafu ndiNestlé (matani miriyoni 31) uye Danone nematani mazana manomwe nemazana manomwe. 

Muna 2015, mabhiriyoni gumi nemanomwe emidziyo yekushandisa chinwiwa uye magaba mabhiriyoni maviri akakandwa kure kuGerman. Nestlé nevamwe vagadziri vari kutengesawo akawedzera macapsuleti ekofi, izvo zvinowedzera gomo remarara. Kubva 17 kusvika 2016, kutengeswa kwemamwe-mashandisirwo macapsule kwakakwira nemasere muzana kusvika 2018 matani, sekureva kweDeutsche Umwelthilfe DUH. Kune mana magiramu ekupakira yega yega 23.000 gramu yekofi. Kunyangwe kufungidzirwa kana kuti chaiko "biodegradable" macapsule haagadzirise dambudziko. Havaori kana kuora zvishoma nezvishoma. Ndicho chikonzero ivo vari kurongedza kunze kwemakwenzi masisitimu. Ivo vanobva vapedzisa mune inopisa.

Kudzokororazve kunowanzoreva kudzika pasi

Kunyangwe kurasa marara kuGerman kuri mubishi kuunganidza masaga yeyero uye kurasa mapakeji emarara, zvishoma zvinodzokororwa. Pamutemo, i45 muzana yemarara epurasitiki kuGerman. Sekureva kwaDeutsche Umwelthilfe, ma scanner mune ekugadzirisa masisitimu haazive mabhodhoro epurasitiki matema. Izvi zvinopedzisira zvapiswa nemarara. Kana iwe ukazofunga izvo zvisinga svike kune marara marara, iwo marara ekuchinjisa ari gumi muzana. Ipurasitiki nyowani ichiri yakachipa uye mapurasitiki mazhinji akasanganiswa anogona kungodzokororwazve nekuedza kukuru - kana zvachose. Kazhinji zvigadzirwa zvakareruka senge mabhenji epaki, makani emarara kana granulate zvinogadzirwa kubva mupurasitiki yakadzokororwa. Kudzokororazve pano kazhinji kunoreva kudzika pasi.

Chete gumi muzana yemarara epurasitiki anoshandiswazve

Paavhareji yepasirese, ingangoita gumi muzana yemapurasitiki akashandiswa anova chimwe chinhu chitsva. Zvese zvimwe zvinoenda kunoparadza kupisa, marara, nzvimbo dzekumaruwa kana gungwa. Germany inotengesa kunze kutenderera miriyoni imwe yematani epurasitiki marara gore rega. Iye zvino sezvo China isisiri kutenga marara edu, zvave kuguma kuVietnam neMalaysia, semuenzaniso. Nekuti masimba aripo haana kukwana ekuti ashandise zvakare kana angangoita mwando kupisa, marara anowanzo gumisira munzvimbo dzekurasa. Mhepo inozovhuvhuta zvimedu zvepurasitiki murwizi rwunotevera uye yoenda nazvo mugungwa. Vatsvagidzi vava kuwana kusvika kanokwana katanhatu epurasitiki kupfuura plankton munzvimbo zhinji dzegungwa. Ivo zvino varatidzira maratidziro ekushandisa kwedu kwepurasitiki mumakomo marefu, mukunyungudika kwechando chando, mugungwa rakadzika uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoita senge dziri kure pasirese. 5,25 trillion epurasitiki inoramba achishambira mumakungwa. Izvo zvinoita zvidimbu mazana manomwe nemakumi manomwe emunhu wese wepasi. 

"Tinodya kadhi rechikwereti vhiki rega rega"

Hove, shiri nedzimwe mhuka dzinomedza zvinhu uye kufa nenzara nedumbu rizere. Mu2013, 17 kilos yepurasitiki yakawanikwa mudumbu rewakafa whale - kusanganisira 30 mativi mita epurasitiki tarpaulin iyo mhepo muAndalusia yakanga yapeperera mugungwa kubva kumunda wemiriwo. Microplastics kunyanya inopera mumiviri yedu kuburikidza neketani yechikafu. Masayendisiti ikozvino awana maratidziro ezvidimbu zvidimbu zvepurasitiki munzvimbo dzakasiyana mumanyowa evanhu uye weti. Zvidzidzo zvekuyedza zvakange zvambodya kana kunwa chikafu chakamonerwa mupurasitiki. "Tinodya kadhi rechikwereti vhiki rega rega," sangano rekuchengetedza zvisikwa WWF rakamisikidza mumwe wemishumo yavo nezve kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki kwechikafu chedu. 

Kuisa firimu uye mabhodhoro epurasitiki ane epurasitiki senge phthalates uye chinhu bisphenol A, iyo ingangodaro inosimudzira kuumbwa kwemasero ekenza, inokanganisa muyero wehomoni mumuviri uye inowedzera njodzi yezvimwe zvakawanda zvirwere. Vatsvaguriri vakawana kakapetwa kanomwe bisphenol A munyama yevakafa varwere veAlzheimer sezvakaita munyama yevamwe vanhu vakafa vasina kurwara nechirwere cheAlzheimer. 

Tora chikafu mumabhokisi ako pachako

Kana iwe ukauya nechikafu kumba kubva kuresitorendi, unogona kuuya nemabhokisi ako anogona kudzoreredzwa. Iyo yeGerman Chikafu Association ine imwe yekuzadza mabhokisi awakauya nawo Nhungamiro Yehutsanana yakaburitswa. Mumadhorobha makuru pane maisipo masisitimu emabhokisi ezvekudya, semuenzaniso kubva Dzokorora kana rebowl. Iwe unogona zvakare kuve nezvinhu zvakazadzwa mumabhodhoro nemakatani awakauya nawo kwauri kune matsva ezvitoro zvekuverengera mumashopota. Kana mutengesi akaramba: Mitemo yehutsanana inongoreva chete kuti mabhokisi haafanire kupfuudzwa kuseri kwekaunda.

Mushonga wemazino mugirazi nemiti inonhuwa

Mushonga wemazino, deodorant, shaving foam, shampoo uye shawa gel kubva kumabhodhoro epurasitiki anoraswa kana machubhu anogona zvakare kuchinjwa. Iwo anowanikwa mumidziyo mune akawanda manyowa uye asina kutengwa zvitoro - inonhuhwirira sekirimu, bvudzi uye sipo yemuviri isina kurongedzwa muchidimbu chimwe uye kuveura sipo mumidziyo yesimbi inoshandiswa. Sezvo idzi dzimwe nzira dzichiwedzera mari, dzinongoonekwa dzichidhura kupfuura makwikwi ari pasherufu yesupamaketi. Semuenzaniso, chirongo chemushonga wemazino wemanomwe kana mapfumbamwe euros chakakwanira munhu mumwe kwemwedzi inopfuura mishanu.

Yakarongedzwa chete zvinoratidzika kunge zvinodhura

Zvitoro zvisina mapakiavo vanotengesa zvigadzirwa zvakadaro uye zvekudya pasina chero pakavha, ruzivo urwu runofanira kuunza vatengi vazhinji vatsva. Zvinhu zvisina kurongedzwa zvinogona kuwanikwawo muzvitoro, semuenzaniso mubazi remichero nemiriwo. Zvinwiwa uye ma yoghurt zviripo mumabhodhoro egirazi anoiswa. Ivo vanoratidzira iri nani nharaunda nharaunda kana vachibva kunzvimbo dzakatarisana. Hapana munhu kuchamhembe kweGerman anofanirwa kutenga yogati kana doro kubva kumaodzanyemba kana zvinhu zvimwechetezvo kubva munzvimbo yavo vari pasherufu padyo navo. Izvozvowo zvinoenda kune zvigadzirwa zveNorth Germany kumaodzanyemba, Irish batare kana mamineral mvura kubva kuFiji Islands. 

Mvura kubva pombi panzvimbo pemamineral mvura kubva muhombodo yepurasitiki

Kuisa-isina-pombi yemvura kubva pombi yakachipa zvakanyanya uye, nekuda kwekudzora kwakadzama kuGerman, zvirinani zvakaringana semvura yekunze kana yekumatsime emvura ino pombi chete kubva pasi. Kana iwe uchida kabhoni dhayokisaidhi mumvura, tora inobhururuka ine inogadzirisazve macartridge. 

Kudiwa kwechikafu kubva munharaunda chiri kuwedzera kuGerman. Izwi rekuti "dunhu" haridzivirirwe. Naizvozvo miganhu iri fluid. Hapana munhu anogona kutaura kuti dunhu rinopera mushure memakiromita makumi mashanu, zana, zana nemakumi mashanu kana kudarika. Kana iwe uchida kuziva, bvunza mutengesi kana tarisa panotangira zvinhu. Misika zhinji ikozvino inoratidza izvi nekuzvidira. 

Nekudaro, izvo zvatinotenga zvinonyanya kusarudza mamiriro ekunze uye nharaunda zvakatipfuura pane kwakatangira chikafu chedu. Chidzidzo che2008 chakaitwa neCarnegie Mellon University kuUnited States chakafananidza tsoka dzemamiriro ekunze ezvekudya zvakasiyana. Mhedziso: kushandiswa kwesimba kwekugadzirwa kwenyama kwakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura kweiyo yezviyo uye kurimwa kwemiriwo zvekuti mutengo wekutakura hauna kukosha. Kune michero yemudunhu nemiriwo, ivo vaongorori vakasarudza CO2 kuburitswa kwe530 gramu / kilo yezvinhu. Nyama kubva mudunhu iri ine 6.900 gramu ye CO2 / kg. Zvibereko zvinotumirwa kubva mhiri kwemakungwa nechikepe zvinokonzeresa 870 magiramu eCO2 emweya nekirogiramu, uye michero nemiriwo inoyerera mukati me11.300 gramu eCO2. Iyo tsoka yekabhoni yenyama inotengeswa kubva mhiri kwemakungwa nendege ine njodzi: Kilo yega yega yehuremu hwayo inosvibisa mhepo ne 17,67 kg ye CO2. Mhedziso: Chikafu chemuriwo ndicho chakanakisa - kune hutano hwako, nharaunda nemamiriro ekunze. Zvigadzirwa zvinobva pakurima kwehupenyu zvinoita zvirinani pano kupfuura zvigadzirwa zvakajairika.

Chikamu chekupedzisira chakateedzana chinobva chabata nemarara echikafu uye chinokupa matipi ekuti ungazvidzivirire sei nyore. Nokukurumidza pano.

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KUTENDA KUTI UVHURE GERMANY

Kudya zvakasiyana maringe nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze Chikamu 1
Kudya zvakasiyana maringe nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze | Part 2 nyama nehove
Kudya zvakasiyana maringe nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze | Chikamu 3: Kupakata uye Kutakura
Kudya zvakasiyana maringe nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze | Chikamu 4: tsvina tsvina

Yakanyorwa na Robert B Fishman

Freelance munyori, mutori wenhau, mutori wenhau (redhiyo uye anodhinda midhiya), mutorwa mifananidzo, mudzidzisi wewekishopu, moderator uye gwara rekushanya

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