Kudya zvakasiyana maringe nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze | Part 2 nyama nehove

à Teil 1 pano izvozvi chikamu chechipiri cheangu akateedzana nezve kudya kwedu mudambudziko remamiriro ekunze:

Masayendisiti anovaidza "Big Points", mune mamwe mazwi, pfungwa dzekufunga kwatinogona kuita zvakawanda kupokana nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze nekuedza kushoma, tisingachinje hupenyu hwedu zvakanyanya. Izvi ndeizvi:

• Kufamba (kuchovha bhasikoro, kufamba, njanji uye kutakura veruzhinji panzvimbo pemotokari nendege)
• Pisa
• zvipfeko
• chikafu uye kunyanya kudyiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemhuka, kunyanya nyama.

Sango rinonaya rinopisa nzara yedu yenyama

Izvo zvinongedzo zvinonyora uye ruzivo rwehutano hwezvakawanda zvakagadzirwa zvigadzirwa zvakaverengwa senge yakasanganiswa yakasanganiswa yemakemikari mabhuku, kuparadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, vanachiremba zvinotyisa uye mirairo yekufutisa: Zvizhinji zvigadzirwa zvine shuga yakawandisa, munyu wakawandisa, mafuta emhuka akawanda, uye mafuta emuchindwe kubva kumasango anonaya mvura anonaya mvura. nzvimbo nenyama zvinobva mukubereka mombe zvakajairika. Ikoko ivo vanokora vanofudza mombe, nguruve nehuku nekudya kwakadzama, kune izvo zvigadzirwa izvo izvo Masango emvura anonyangarika. Sekureva kwesangano rekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, zvinopfuura zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu (69%) zvekuparadzwa kwemasango emvuraNyama shoma, kupisa kushoma“(Nyama shoma, kudziya kushoma) nekuda kweindasitiri yenyama. Sango reAmazon rinopa nzira kunyanya kuvarimi vemombe uye vagadziri ve soya avo vanogadzira goho ravo kuita furawa. 90 muzana yenzvimbo dzakaparadzwa uye dzakapiswa dzeAmazon dzinoshandiswa kufudza mhuka.

Kupoterera pasirese, kuchengeta zvipfuyo kwakatokonzeresa zvikamu gumi nezvishanu kubva muzana zvegreenhouse gasi inogadzirwa nevanhu. MuGerman zvakapoteredza 15% yenzvimbo yekurima inoshandiswa kugadzira nyama. Iko hakuna ipapo nzvimbo yezvirimwa-zvakavakirwa chikafu chekupa vanhu chikafu.

Hove dzichabuda munguva pfupi

hove isingagutsikane seimwe nzira yenyama. Pane zvishoma zvakawandisa nzara yedu. Hove pfumbamwe pagumi huru dzakatotorwa mumakungwa nemakungwa. Kune zvakare zvakakurisa zviyero zvezvinonzi ne-kubata. Idzi hove dzinobatwa mumambure pasina kushandiswa. Vabati vehove vanovakanda mugungwa zvakare - kazhinji vakafa. Kana zvinhu zvikaramba zvakaita sepakutanga, makungwa anenge asisina chinhu panosvika 2048. Hove yemunyu yemunyu yekudya hove haichazovapo. Kubva 2014, mapurazi ehove anga achigovera kwakawanda hove kupfuura makungwa pasi rese.  

Aya ndiwo maitiro ekuchengetwa kwemvura kunoitika zvakanyanya

Kunyangwe aquacultures ichine nzvimbo yakawanda yekuvandudza kana zvasvika pakuchengetedza: salmon, semuenzaniso, inonyanya kupihwa chikafu chehove kubva kune dzimwe hove. Mhuka dzinorarama - semombe nenguruve mukurima kwefekitori pasi - munzvimbo yakavharirwa uye kazhinji zvinotapukirwa nezvirwere zvinopararira. Kuti izvi zvionekwe, vafudzi vanodyisa hove dzavo nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, iyo yatinobva tadya navo. Mhedzisiro yacho: akawanda maantibayoti haachashanda muvanhu nekuti utachiona hwatanga kusagadzikana. Uye zvakare, tsvina yehove dzakarimwa dzinowedzera-kufesaira mvura yakatenderedza. Iko kuyananiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kuri nani nemapurazi ehove ehupenyu. Semuenzaniso, avo vanoomerera pamitemo yemasangano ekurima ehupenyu vanongobvumidzwa kupa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kumhuka dzinorwara chaizvo - sekumapurazi ehupenyu.

Mushure me Kuongorora neIko-Institut Chete zvikamu zviviri muzana zvehove dzinodyiwa kuGerman zvinobva kunzvimbo yemvura yemuno. Izvi zvinounza zviuru makumi maviri zvematani ehove pagore. Vanyori vanokurudzira hove dzemuno, kunyanya carp uye trout, idzo dzisina kupihwa chikafu chehove. Varimi vehove vanofanirwa kushandisa macircuit emvura akavharwa uye simba rinowedzerwazve uye pamusoro pezvose vanodyisa zvipfuyo zvavo nezvinhu zvinochengetedza nharaunda senge microalgae, mbeu yemafuta uye mapuroteni ezvipembenene Muna 20.000 iyo Dzidza "Bumbiro reSustainable Aquaculture 2050" nemazano mazhinji.

Kuchengeta bhengi

Vezvirimwa uye vegan parizvino vari kusangana nehombodo vegan Zvigadzirwa. Mugove wemugadziri weUS Beyond Meat wakatanga kusimuka kubva pamakumi maviri neshanu kusvika pamadhora mazana maviri uye parizvino akaenzana pamadhora zana negumi nemashanu. Iyo Rügenwalder Mill  inodaidza zvigadzirwa zvavo zvezvirimwa "mutyairi wekukura" wekambani. Kunyangwe paine aya manhamba, mugove wemusika wezvigadzirwa zvisina nyama-nyama mukushandisa kwese kuGerman kusvika ikozvino yave 0,5 muzana chete. Maitiro ekudya anochinja zvishoma nezvishoma. Uye zvakare, vegan burger yakagadzirwa kubva kune soy, gorosi schnitzel, patties yemiriwo kana lupine Bolognese inogona kuwanikwa chete muzvitoro zvishoma. Uye, chero kwavanopihwa, vanowanzo dhura. Izvo zvigadzirwa zvinongova zvinobatsira uye nekudaro zvinodhura kana zvotengeswa muhuwandu hwakawanda. Apa ndipo panorumwa katsi muswe wayo: huwandu hwakadzikira, mitengo yakakwira, kudiwa kushoma.

Iwo mapiona echimuko chinotevera chekudya vakatarisanawo nedambudziko iri: pachinzvimbo chekushandisa nyama kubva kumombe, huku nenguruve, vanoshandisa zvipembenene. Kutanga kweMunich Cricket yakaipa  yakatanga kuburitsa organic snacks kubva kumakiriketi mu2020. Vakagadziri vanopfuya mhuka mufurati ravo uye munguva pfupi iri mumudziyo panzvimbo ye "Mutariri wechitima Tiel", A tsika uye kutanga-up nzvimbo pane yaimbova nzvimbo yekuuraya. Dzakakomberedza zviuru zviviri zvezvipembenene, kusanganisira makiriketi, makonye ekudya uye hwiza, akakosha pakudya kwevanhu. Vanopa zvakanyanya mapuroteni, fiber, mavitamini, zvicherwa uye unsaturated fatty acids pakirogiramu yebiomass pane nyama kana hove, semuenzaniso. Semuenzaniso, makiriketi ane ayiti yakapetwa kaviri simbi kupfuura yemombe. 

Zvinosemesa zvine hukama

Izvo zvinoita sekusagadzikana kana kutosemesa kuvagari veEurope neNorth America zvakajairika munyika zhinji muAfrica, Latin America kana Southeast Asia. Maererano neUnited Nations Food Organisation FAO, vanhu mabhiriyoni maviri pasi rose vanogara vachidya zvipembenene. FAO inorumbidza mhuka sekudya kune hutano uye kwakachengeteka. Kupesana nemhuka dzinoyamwisa, pane mukana wakaderera kwazvo wekuti vanhu vangatapukirwa nezvirwere zvinopararira nekudya zvinokambaira. Kufanana nemamwe madenda mazhinji, chirwere chekorona chinonzi chinonzi zoonosis. Iyo SARS Cov2 pathogen yakapararira kubva kuzvipfuwo kuenda kuvanhu. Kunyanya patino ganhurira pekugara mhuka dzesango uye kunyangwe kudzidya, hunowanzo hura hwevanhu hunobata matsva matsva. Mhosva dzekutanga dzeEbola dzakaitika muWest Africa mushure mekunge vanhu vadya tsoko ipapo.

Muvakidzani ane nzara semunhu anobatsira murimi

Zvipembenene zvinodyiwa zvakachipa uye zviri nyore kusimudza zvichienzaniswa nemombe, huku kana nguruve. Iyo yekutanga-up kambani inoshanda muRotterdam, iyo Netherlands De Krekerij pamwechete nevarimi vanoshandura matanga avo emombe kuti vaberekere makiriketi nemhashu. Ona dambudziko Muvambi Sander Peltenburg pamusoro pezvose mukugadzira zvipembenene zvevanhu burger zvinonaka uye kuvaendesa kuzvitoro. Iye anozviedza pamwe nekukura kubudirira kuburikidza nevakuru shefu vanoshandira vanonzwisisa, vanoshinga vaenzi izvo zvitsva zvitsva muma gourmet maresitorendi. Peltenburg's zvipembenene mabhora anotapira zvishoma nutty, yakasimba uye yakasimba nyowani kubva yakadzika fryer. Ivo vanoyeuchidza zvishoma nezve falafel.

Zvakatipoteredza nemamiriro ekunze zvaizobatsira dai taizodya zvipembenene pachinzvimbo chenyama: Semuenzaniso, kirogiramu imwe yenyama yekiriketi inoda 1,7 kg yekudya uye 1 kg yemombe zvakapetwa kagumi. Uye zvakare, avhareji yeinosvika makumi masere muzana muzana yezvipembenene inogona kudyiwa. Nemombe inongova zvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana. Mhashu, semuenzaniso, zvakare dzinoita zvirinani kupfuura mombe kana zvasvika pakushandiswa kwemvura. Kwekirogiramu imwe yemombe unoda 80 litres emvura, pa 40 kg yemhashu 22.000. 

MuEast Africa, vanhu vanounganidza hwiza hwavo kumaruwa uye nekudaro vanobatsira varimi kuzvidzivirira kubva pakuparadza kuri muminda. Hupenyu hunobatsira mumunda muvakidzani ane nzara pano. Zvimwezve zvakanakira: Tupukanana tinobudirira zvakanyanya munzvimbo yakavharirwa. Saka nzvimbo diki inodiwa kunyangwe pahuwandu hwakawanda. Izvo zvinokambaira hazvigadzi mupfudze wemvura unofanirwa kutambanudzwa pamusoro pemunda kukuvadza mvura yepasi. Mamiriro ekunze anobatsirwa nekuti, kusiyana nemombe, zvipembenene hazvibudise methane. Kutakurwa kwemhuka uye mashandiro emasiraira anobviswa zvakare. Zvipembenene zvinozvifira zvega kana uchizvitonhodza.

Chikamu 3: Chipurasitiki chinonaka: mafashama ekuputira marara, iri kuuya nekukurumidza